• 약학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.74-77
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• 2009

Food deprivation decreases hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels, which is ascribed to alterations in availability of hepatic cysteine, a rate limiting factor for the GSH synthesis. The present study examines the effects of food deprivation on hepatic metabolism of sulfur amino acid in male rats. In rats fasted for 24 or 48 hours, hepatic GSH levels were decreased from $6.70{\pm}0.16{\mu}mol/g$ liver to $4.02{\pm}0.20$ or $4.06{\pm}0.07{\mu}mol/g$ liver, respectively. Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine levels were also decreased in fasted rats, but S-adenosylhomocysteine levels were increased. Hepatic methionine levels were not changed by food deprivation for 48 hours. On the other hand, hepatic cysteine or taurine levels were increased from $106.2{\pm}4.1$ to $130.0{\pm}2.7$ nmol/g liver or from $2.45{\pm}0.43$ to $5.07{\pm}0.78{\mu}mol/g$ liver, respectively, in 48-hour fasted rats. Activity of cystathionine beta-synthase catalyzed homocysteine to cystathionine, was markedly decreased, but activity of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase was increased in fasted rats, indicating that methylation of homocysteine to methionine is activated. Also activity of cysteine dioxygenase, involved in taurine synthesis, was increased. These results suggested that hepatic methionine levels were maintained in rats fasted for 48 hours through increase in homocysteine methylation, and hepatic GSH may serve as a cysteine supplier reservoir in fasting state.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a biological membranes compound. As the antioxidant, it decreases the oxidized forms of other antioxidant substances such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and glutathione (GSH). To examine the effect of ALA on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes, we investigated intracellular GSH and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA). Intracellular GSH levels in oocytes treated with 50uM ALA increased significantly (P < 0.05) and exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in intracellular ROS levels compared with the control group. Oocytes matured with 50 uM of ALA during IVM displayed significantly higher cleavage rates (67.8% vs. 83.4%, respectively), and higher blastocyst formation rates and total cell number of blastocysts after PA (31.6%, 58.49 vs. 46.8%, 68.58, respectively) than the control group. In conclusion, these results suggest that treatment with ALA during IVM improves the cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes by increasing the intracellular GSH levels, thereby decreasing the intracellular ROS levels and subsequent embryonic developmental potential of PA.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1253-1257
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• 2009

Exo-polysaccharide isolated from the culture of Grifola frondosa was modified by sodium periodate ($NaIO_4$) and sodium chlorite ($NaClO_2$) to delete polysaccharide part and phenolic compound, respectively, and was investigated what effect has each part of exo-polysaccharide against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in porcine kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). Oxidative stress on LLC-PK1 cell was measured by cell viability, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity. Exposure of LLC-PK1 cells to 1 mM AAPH for 24 hr resulted in significant decrease in cell viability, SOD, and GSH-px action, and significant increase in lipid peroxidation. The treatment of exo-polysaccharide and $NaIO_4$ modified sample protected LLC-PK1 cells from AAPH-induced cell damage such as cell viability, lipid peroxidation, SOD, and GSH-px activity in a dose dependant manner (10, 100, and $500{\mu}g/mL$). However, the treatment of $NaClO_2$ modified sample did not affect for cell viability, lipid peroxidation, SOD, and GSH-px activity. The antioxidant activity of exo-polysaccharide was significantly decreased on AAPH-induced LLC-PK1 cell system when phenolic compound was deleted. The antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with the content of phenolic compound of exo-polysaccharide.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.517-525
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• 1993

Glutathione(GSH),a tripeptide thiol, found in virtually all cells, functions in metabolism tranasport and cellular protection. It protects cells against the destructive effects of reactive oxygen intermediates and free radicals. Also ${\gamma}-Glutamyl$ transpeptidase(${\gamma}-GTT$), an enzyme of major importance in GSH metabolism, initiates GSH degradation. In order to explore the $GSH-{\gamma}-GTT$ system as periodontal disease activity indicator, we observed the ${\gamma}-GTT$ and arachidonic acid metabolits according to clinical groups(Control, Adult periodontitis, Rapidly progressive Periodontitis). From the experiments, the following results were obtained. 1. When compared with normal, ${\gamma}-GTT$ of A. P. and R. P. P. were increased, and only the change of ${\gamma}-GTT$ of R. P. P. was statistically significant(P<0. 05). 2. The amounts of arachidonic acid metabolites were not different with statistical significance among the clinical groups. 3. ${\gamma}-GTT$ may by useful adjuncts as new cytoprotective indicator and periodontal disease activity indicator in accordance with positive corelation pocket depth, attachment level and ${\gamma}-GTT$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of acorn supplementation on the lipid profile and redox antioxidant enzyme activities in obese rat. Obesity in the rats was induced by feeding diet contained 10％ lard and 0.5％ cholesterol for 4 week. After 4 weeks, rats were divided into the following 5 groups; high fat diet (Control), high fat diet plus 10％ Acorn powder (APlO％), high fat diet plus 20％ Acorn powder (AP20％), high fat diet plus 0.2％ Acorn extract (AE0.2％), high fat diet plus 0.5％ Acorn extract (AE0.5％). Total food intake and food efficiency ratio (FER) was not significantly different by acorn powder and extract supplementation. But, body weight was decreased by 20％ acorn powder. Acorn powder and extract supplementation for 4 weeks tend to decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride level on the serum and hepatic tissue. There was no significant difference in hepatic glutathione (GSH) content among all the groups. The hepatic GST activity in acorn supplemented groups was lower than that of control. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were higher in acorn supplemented groups than that of control. Hepatic TBARS levels of experimental groups were also significantly lower than that of control group. Our finding suggest that acorn powders and extract might have potential role for improving lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities in obese rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.157-161
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• 1998

The mechanism of active aldehyde-induced liver disease and the enzymatic basis of detoxification were investigated using normal rat liver cell, Ac2F. Aliphatic alcohols including l-decyl alcohol, l-nonanol, l-heptanol, l-hexanol, l-propanol and allyl alcohol exerted a dose- and time-de-pendent toxicity to Ac2F cells. The extent of their toxicities in buthionine sulfoximine (inhibitor of glutathione synthesis) pretreated cells was greater than in pargyline (inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH). On the other hand, the toxicity of these alcohols were not affected by 4-methylpyrazole (inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH). These results suggest that the contents of glutathione (GSH) seems to be very important in protecting the cells from toxicants such as aliphatic alcohols.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 1987

어유를 섭취하였을 때, 체내 과산화물 생성과 항산화 기능을 조사하며, 그 결과를 다른 식이지방과 비교하기 위하여, 고등어유, 대두유, 쇠기름, 들기름, 채종유의 5 종의 지방을 먹이의 10% 되게 식이를 조제하여 70g 내외의 암, 수컷의 흰쥐에게 섭취시켰다. 출생후 초기 성장시에 적응도를 관찰하기 위하여, 위의 쥐들을 34일간 조제식이로 사육한후, 교배시켜 출생한 2 대째 쥐들을 수유시기(17일, 26일)과 이유시기(39일)에 희생시키고, 출산, 수유를 마친 어미쥐(나이 123일, 총 식이일수 81일)를 희생하여 간과 뇌조직의 지질과산화물, $\alpha$-tocopherol, glutathione 양을 정량하고, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase의 활성을 측정하였다. 간조직의 지질과산화물 값은 고등어유를 섭취한 어미쥐와 수유기(17, 26일)의 새끼쥐들에게서 타군에 비해 높았으나 39일의 새끼쥐에서는 채종유보다는 높았으나 대두유, 들기름군과 같은 수준이었다. 뇌조직에서는 간에 차이가 거의없었다. 간조직의 $\alpha$-tocopherol 농도와 환원형의 glutathione(GSH) 의 농도가 어미쥐에서 타군에 비해 현저히 낮았고, 새끼쥐에서도 $\alpha$-tocopherol 경우는 같은경향이나 그 정도가 덜 현저하며, GSH의 경우는 타군들과 차이가 없었다. 산화형 glutathioe (GSSG)의 농도는 어미쥐, 새끼쥐모두에서 식이지방에 따른 차이가 일관성 있게 나타나지 않았다. Glutathione peroxidase 활성은 간장과 뇌조직에서 성장과정중의 새끼쥐들에서 모두 약간씩 증가하였고, 채종유군에서 타군에 비해 증가정도가 낮아 활성이 39일에 현저히 낮았다. Superoxide dismutase 의 활성은 성장기간에 따른 변화는 적었고, 고등어유군이 타군에 비해 비교적 낮은값을 유지하였다. 어미쥐와 17일째 새끼쥐에서는 달리 26일과 39일째 새끼쥐의 간조직 glutathioe peroxidase 의활성이 지질과산화물 농도와 정의 상관관계가 보여져, 출생후 초기 성장과정에서 체내 적응성이 존재함을 나타내주었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1262-1266
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate peroxidative damage and antioxidative defense systems such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH Px), glutathione S transferase (GST) and vitamin E of liver in rat exposed microwave. Sprague Dawley male rats 200$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to normal and microwave(MW) groups. After rats were irradiated with microwave at frequency of 2.45GHz for 15min, the change patterns of antioxidative defense system and peroxidative damage of liver tissue in MW group were investigated for 16 days(the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 16th days) compared with those of normal group. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in MW group was increased at the 2nd day compared with that of normal group, but not significantly. The glutathione peroxidase(GSH Px) in MW group was decreased to 24% and 25% at the 4th and 6th days, respectively, compoared with that of normal group, but GSH Px was increased to level of normal group at the 16th day. The activity of glutathione S transferase(GST) in MW group was decreased at the 2nd day after irradiated with microwave, but GST showed to that of normal group at the 16th day. The content of vitamin E in MW group was lower than that of normal group at the 6th and 8th days after the irradiation, but was recovered to the level of normal group at the 16th days. The content of thi obarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) of liver in MW group was increased to 28.9%, 53.8%, 69.7% and 30.2% of normal group at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th days after the irradiation, respectively, but recovered to the level of normal group at the 16th day. The present results indicated that antiox idative defense systems of rats irradiated microwave was weaken more than that of normal group, which lead to acceleration of lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

포자형성 유산균주에 대하여 종양세포에 대한 증식 억제 활성과 항산화 활성 및 세포내 glutathione 함유율을 측정하였다. 종양세포에 대한 억제활성은 균주에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내었고 Bacillus coagulans KTCC 3675는 높은 수준의 특이한 수준의 억제 활성을 나타내었고 human lymphoma cell NCLH-1299에 대한 억제 활성은 미약한 수준인 것으로 확인되었다. TBA 방법에 의한 linoleic acid에 대한 항산화 활성은 5~25% 정도의 항산화 활성을 보였고 특별히 높은 수준의 항산화 활성을 보인균주는 Bacillus coagulans KTCC 625, Bacillus coagulans KTCC 1015 및 Lactobacillus sporogens CU 815인 것으로 확인되었다. 포자형성 유산균체 추출액의 linoleic acid과산화 억제 활성과 세포내 glutathione함유율과의 상관계수는 0.78로서 고도의 유의성이 인정되는 상관계수를 나타내었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2017

Dawley 계 숫컷 흰쥐(200~210g)를 정상군, $CCl_4$-대조군, $CCl_4$-실험군으로 나누어 실험군은 갈근 에탄올 추출물을 1,000mg/kg,b.w의 용량으로 1일1회7일간 경구 투여 후 사염화탄소를 0.6mg/kg,b.w의 용량으로 복강내 주사 후 다음날 개복하여 혈청내의 Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Alkaline phosphatase(ALP), Glutamyltranspeptidase(${\gamma}$-GT), Lactate dehydro-genase(LDH)의 활성도와 중성지방, 콜레스테롤 함량을 측정한 결과 갈근 추출물 투여군에서 $CCl_4$-대조군과 비교하여 유의적인 감소(p<0.05)를 나타내었으며, HDL-콜레스테롤은 유의적인 증가(P0.05)를 나타내었다. 간조직중의 지질과산화 함량과 Catalase(CAT), Glutathione peroxiddase(GSH-Px)의 항산화 효소 활성은 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. 반면에 간 조직중의 glutathione 함량은 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 이 실험 결과 갈근 에탄올 추출물은 사염화탄소 투여에 의한 간 손상을 억제하는 보호물질과 항산화 물질을 함유하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.