• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

Emotional interest in the 1970s, Japan started from the technical and engineering beyond the scope, period late structuralist entering the world has been the subject of interest, as well as in academic research is becoming the main theory. In addition, communication between various disciplines such as humanities through the study of consilience and fusion, the human life to continue as a subject, its importance has risen. So this study are to design for the study of emotion through the human heart in space and how the expression of emotions and can be validated in a study. GSD to evaluate the action (verb) and emotional words (adjective) related to two variables to measure the degree of correlation coefficient was an experiment to find out. Picasso painting, it is 'difficult to understand', 'special', 'interesting', 'not interested', 'confused', 'fun', 'anxious', 'dark', 'cool', 'hard' to have relevance, such as the distribution of emotional words, and as a result of the move was a lot of work. This result can be obtained through the arcane resistance of the cubist paintings that make a lot of body movements. In Renoir painting 'stable', 'warm', 'soft', 'easy to understand', 'bright', 'boring', 'curious', such as emotional words ranged to have a relationship with this behavior is less motion in space. This result can be obtained through the understanding of the Impressionist paintings that are less body movements. As a result, space design, emotional design in the evaluation (GSD) for the empirical analysis that evaluated the feasibility and future of the emotional space of the design could be based in the area is considered.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 1998

Our previous study demonstrated that dietary taurine or glycine supplementation significantly lowered plasma and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. In the present study, the effect of long term dietary taurine or glycine supplementation, for the purpose of preventing and/or treating of hyperlipidemia and other known biological functions, on plasma and hepatic free amino acid concentrations and profiles were evaluated in rats. Three groups of male rats(110-130g) were fed a control diet(CD), taurine-supplemented diets(TSD ; CD+ 1.5% taurine) or glycine-supplemented diet(GSD ; CD+1.5% glycine) for 5 weeks. Plasma and hepatic free amino acid concentrations were determined by an automated amino acid analyzer based on ion-exchange chormatography. The feeding of TSD for 5 weeks yielded a 444% higher plasma taurine concentration , and the feeding GSD for the same period resulted in a 143% higher plasma glycine level in rats compared to those fed DB. Hepatic taurine concentration was significantly higher in rats fed TSD(145% increase) compared to the control rats. However, hepatic glycine concentration was not influenced by dietary glycine supplementation , which implies that the massive dose of glycine entering the body was more rapidly metabolized or excreted than taurein. Dietary taurine or glycine supplementation resulted in similar changes in plasma free amino acid concentrations, except in levels of taurine and glycine. Plasma levels of histidine, lysine, phenylalanine , alanine, proline, hydroxypoline, $\alpha$-aminogutyric acid, cystathionine and ethanolamine were significantly higher in rats fed TSD or GSD than those fed GD. Glycine supplementation did not change hepatic free amino acid concentrations as compared to CD. Concentrations of most hepatic free amino acids were not influenced by dietary taurine supplementation with the exception of significantly higher levels of asparate and tyrosine(56-63% increase) and lower levels of histidine and glutamate(33-34% decrease) compared to the control rats. These results suggest long-term dietary taurine or glycine supplementation resulted in increases in most plasma free amino acid levels, but did not cause a characteristic change in plasma aminogram pattern compared to rats fed CD.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.124-132
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• 2009

Recently, 'Emotion' has attracted public attention socially and continuously in the fields such as construction, environment, design and products. Also, phenomenological concept of space through the physique in the viewpoint of the human-oriented aspect, namely, body, has been managed as a planned measure suitable for a new era and space. In this study, the author examined and analyzed the verbs and emotional vocabulary about the human body's behavior. The phenomenological space conception through body, i.e, flesh in this human centered point of view is being treated as the suitable planning measure on the new era and space. Though the epochal issue for Emotion is being attempted in many ways in various field such as product and marketing, the approach through the relationship between human and space. Therefore, we would like to see how the Emotion related to the movement that occurs in the space by analyzing the human body movement which is the subject of experiencing the space experimentally and research the characteristic of Emotion and space movement. SPSS 12.0 was used for the analysis to perform the analysis of basic statistics and Factor Analysis, and then to analyze the characteristic and emotional attribute for the experimental analysis. Comparing the activity for the 2 groups' behavior through the analyzed result with the test, active behavior was found to be higher than inactive behavior in the emotional value, and their bodies' motion showed averagely positive value in the emotional aspect; their bodies' motion was presented differently according to the attributes and amount of the people who would experience a specific space. However, the author found that affirmative and active behavior showed emotional aspect more than inactive behavior.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.591-603
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• 2008

Satellite performance can be evaluated by image quality. MTF(Modulation Transfer Fuction), SNR(Signal To Noise Ratio), GSD(Ground Sample Distance) etc. are important bias parameters to analyze image quality. It is necessary to estimate quality of satellite image in design stage. In this paper, the simulating method of satellite image quality, considering design, manufacturing, and operation, is proposed. The proposed method shall be used to estimate and restore quality of satellite image.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.431-437
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• 2007

Multi-Spectral Camera(MSC) on the KOMPSAT-2 satellite was developed and launched as a main payload to provide 1m of GSD(Ground Sampling Distance) for one(1) channel panchromatic imaging and 4m of GSD for four(4) channel multi-spectral imaging at 685km altitude covering l5km of swath width. Since the compression on MSC image chain was required to overcome the mismatch between input data rate and output date rate JPEG-like method was selected and analyzed to check the influence on the performance. In normal operation the MSC data is being acquired and transmitted with lossy compression ratio to cover whole image channel and full swath width in real-time. In the other hand the MSC performance have carefully been handled to avoid or minimize any degradation so that it was analyzed and restored in KGS(KOMPSAT Ground Station) during LEOP(Launch and Early Operation Phase). While KOMPSAT-2 had been developed, new compression method based upon wavelet for space application was introduced and available for next satellite. The study on improvement of image chain including new compression method is asked for next KOMPSAT which requires better GSD and larger swath width In this paper, satellite image chain which consists of on-board image chain and on-ground image chain including general MSC description is briefly described. The performance influences on the image chain between two on-board compression methods which are or will be used for KOMPSAT are analyzed. The differences on performance between two methods are compared and the better solution for the performance improvement of image chain on KOMPSAT is suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2008

In this study, modeling shear characteristics of a coarse material mainly containing crushed stones were implemented using PFC2D, a commercially available code based on DEM(Discrete Element Method). Using the DEM code, this study provides the methodology considering the shear characteristics due to a irregular grain shape, GSD(Grain Size Distribution) and porosity of coarse material which are not effectively incorporated in conventional continuum numerical codes. Direct shear test was simulated for the GSD and porosity generated sample using the code and the simulated results showed very good agreement with the laboratory test results. The current modeling approach can be applied to other coarse materials having various GSD and porosities. Using such application, prediction of the strength characteristics of coarse material in field scale would be possible, which is limited in laboratory scale so far.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.96-102
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• 2017

Glycogen storage disease type IX (GSD IX) is caused by deficiency of phosphorylase kinase which plays a role in breakdown of glycogen. Mutations in PHKA2 are the most common cause of GSD IX (GSD IXa). Clinical manifestations of GSD IXa include hepatomegaly, elevation of liver enzyme, growth retardation, fasting hypoglycemia, and fasting ketosis. However, the symptoms overlap with those of other types of GSDs. Here, we report Korean familial cases with GSD IXa whose diagnosis was confirmed by targeted exome sequencing. A 4-year old male patient was presented with hepatomegaly and persistently elevated liver enzyme. Liver biopsy revealed swollen hepatocyte filled with glycogen storage, suggesting GSDs. Targeted exome sequencing was performed for the differential molecular diagnosis of various types of GSDs. A hemizygous mutation in PHKA2 were detected by targeted exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing: c.3632C>T (p.Thr121Met), which was previously reported. The familial genetic analysis revealed that his mother was heterozygous carrier of c.3632C>T mutation and his 28-month old brother had hemizygous mutation. His brother also had hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzyme. The hypoglycemia was prevented by frequent meals with complex carbohydrate, as well as cornstarch supplements. Their growth and development is in normal range. We suggest that targeted exome sequencing could be a useful diagnostic tool for the genetically heterogeneous and clinically indistinguishable GSDs. A precise molecular diagnosis of GSD can provide appropriate therapy and genetic counseling for the family.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2003

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1 with particular reference to hepatic adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, and to analyze risk factors affecting the development of hepatic adenoma in GSD type 1. Methods: Forty-three GSD type 1 patients (31 males and 12 females, mean age $13.9{\pm}6.4$ years) were analyzed retrospectively. Hepatic adenoma was detected on abdominal USG and diagnosed on histologic examination. Clinical profiles were compared between patients with hepatic adenoma (n=16) and age-matched controls without hepatic adenoma (n=16). Results: 1) Of 43 GSD type 1 patients, 16 (37.2%) had hepatic adeoma. Hepatic adenoma was detected at the age of mean $14.2{\pm}4.1$ years (range: 7.9~25.7 years). Fourteen (87.5%) adenomas were multiple at detection. 2) Comparison of the clinical profiles between adenoma group and non-adenoma group revealed that age at first introduction of uncooked cornstarch treatment was significantly late in adenoma group compared with non-adenoma group ($9.1{\pm}5.2$ years vs. $3.0{\pm}1.8$ years, p=0.003). Portocaval shunt surgery was performed in 11 (68.8%) patients in adenoma group and 3 (18.8%) in non-adenoma group (p=0.004). Hepatic adenoma developed mean $5.8{\pm}4.2$ years after shunt operation. 3) One patient was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma at the age of 25.7 years. Conclusion: Hepatic adenoma is an important late complication of GSD type 1 with the risk of malignant transformation. Early introduction of cornstarch therapy with strict metabolic control is needed to prevent the development of hepatic adenoma in GSD type 1.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2009

Background: There are various etiologies causing bronchiectasis, but the cases without definite causes account for a quite high proportion. It is also uncertain that immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency (IgGSD) is associated with bronchiectasis. Therefore, we tried to measure the frequency of IgGSD in patients with bronchiectasis of unclear etiology, and to observe the clinical features of those patients with bronchiectasis and IgGSD. Methods: For the outpatients of a university hospital who were diagnosed as bronchiectasis by chest CT, we produced comprehensive history taking and physical examinations, and finally selected 31 patients with bronchiectasis of unclear etiology. Results: Two patients had total immunoglobulin G deficiency. The frequency of IgGSD was comparatively high (n=14). When we compared IgGSD group to normal immunoglobulin G subclass group, there were no significant differences in sex, age, and the frequency of sinusitis, bronchial asthma, and the abnormal lung function. Conclusion: In cases of bronchiectasis without definite causes, it can be considered to measure the level of immunoglobulin G subclass. It is also probably worthwhile to further evaluate the relationship between IgGSD and bronchiectasis.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2007

Purpose : Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD-III) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycogen metabolism. The affected enzyme, amylo-1,6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (AGL, glycogen debranching enzyme), is responsible for the debranching of the glycogen molecule during catabolism. The disease shows clinical and biochemical heterogeneity, reflecting genotype-phenotype heterogeneity among different patients. In this study, we aim at analyzing mutations of the AGL gene in three unrelated Korean GSD-III patients, and characterizing their clinical and laboratory findings. Methods : We characterized the clinical features of three unrelated Korean GSD-III patients by biochemical, histological and imaging studies. The 35 exons and part of exon-intron boundaries of AGL were analyzed by direct sequencing using genomic DNA extracted from the peripheral leukocytes of patients. Results : Diverse clinical features were observed in these patients including hepatomegaly (all patients), seizures (patient 2), grow th failure (patients 1 and 2), hyperlipidemia (patients 1 and 3), raised transaminase and creatine kinase concentrations (all patients), and mild cardiomyopathy (patient 2). Liver transplantation w as performed in patient 2 due to progressive hepatic fibrosis. A dministration of uncooked corn starch maintained normoglycemia and improved biochemical and growth profiles. DNA sequence analysis revealed mutations in 5 out of 6 alleles. Patient 1 was a compound heterozygote of c.1282 G>A (p.R428K) and c.1306delA (p.S603PfsX6), patient 2 had c.1510_1511insT (p.Y 504L fsX 10), and patient 3 had c.3416 T >C (p.L 1139P) and c.1735+1 G>T (p.Y 538_R578delfsX 4) mutations. A part from the p.R428K mutation, the 4 other substitutions identified w ere nov el. Conclusion : GSD-III patients display variable phenotypic characteristics resembling those of GSD-Ia. Molecular defects in the AGL gene of Korean GSD-III patients are genetically heterogeneous.