• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 1994

To utilize hemicellulosic biomass efficiently, the microorganism producing xylanase was isolated from fermented sawdust. It was a Gram positive, aerobic and rod shape bacterium. It had endospore and secreted strong hydrolases, such as amylase and protease. Through morphological, cultural and physiological tests, it was identified as Bacillus sp. GS. To increase the productivity of xylanase from Bacillus sp. GS, the enzyme production medium was optimized. The composition of the medium and incubation conditions were like follows xylan 1.25%, yeast extract 0.1%, NaN030.2%, K2HP04 0.1%, MgSO4 0.02%, mineral salt 0.005%, pH 6.5, incubation temperature 37$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.28 no.1_2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2001

단순 다각형 P에 대한 새로운 화량문제인 경비가능충분집합(Guard Sufficiency Set:GSS)에 대하여 소개하고 정의하였다. 집합 S P가 P의 경비가능집합이라는 의미는 P의 각 점들이 최소한 S에 있는 한 점으로부터 보인다는 것을 의미한다. 집합 G P가 P의 경비가능충분집합이라는 의미는 G를 경비 가능한 임의의 집합 S P가 P 역시 경비 가능하다는 것을 의미한다. 본 논문에서는 꼭지점에 대한 GSS가 다각형 전체에 대한 GSS가 되는 다각형 부류를 제시하고, 또한 에지에 대한 GSS가 다각형 전체에 대한 GSS가 되는 다각형 부류를 제시한다. 그리고, P의 꼭지점에 대한 GSS의 크기에 대한 하한과 상한을 제시하고, 기하학적 요소에 특정 제약조건을 주어 대체 GSS을 정의할 수 있음을 보인다. 이 외에도 다양한 GSS 문제들을 소개하고, 기하학적 요소에 제약을 가한 대체 GSS를 정의하고 그와 관련된 가설을 하나 제시한다.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.134-143
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• 2001

The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein(LDL) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL are found in macrophage foam cell, and it can induce an macrophage proliferation in atherosclerotic plaque. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that gamisoyosan(GS) may reduce atherosclerosis by lowering the oxidiazability of LDL, To achive this goal, we examined the effect of GS on LDL oxidation, nitric oxide production in mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, and the effect of GS on cupuric sulfate-induced cytotoxicity, LDH release, and macrophage activity. GS inhibited the generation of oxidized LDL from native LDL in RAW264.7 cell culture, and decreased the release of LDH from cupric sulfate-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. In other experiments, GS activated RAW264.7 cell, and prolonged the survival time, and increased nitric oxide production in Raw 264.7 cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2016

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent disorder that affects millions of men and considered to be an early symptom of atherosclerosis and a precursor of various systemic vascular disorders. The aim of the present study was to prepare ginsenoside Re enriched fraction (GS-F3K1, ginsenoside Re 10%, w/w) from ginseng berries flesh and to investigate the enhanced activities of GS-F3K1 on alcohol-induced ED. GS-F3K1 was prepared by the continuous liquid and solid separating centrifugation and circulatory ultrafiltration from ginseng berries flesh. GS-F3K1 was administered for 5 weeks in ethanol-induced ED rat by oral administration of 20% ethanol. To investigate the effects of GS-F3K1 on ED model, the levels of nitrite expression, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and erectile response of the penile corpus cavernosum of rat were measured. The erectile response of the corpus cavernosum was restored after GS-F3K1 administration, to a level similar to the normal group. The level of nitrite and cGMP expression in the corpus cavernosum of GS-F3K1-administered male rats was increased significantly compared to positive control group. GS-F3K1 from ginseng berries should effectively restore ethanol-induced ED in male rats and could be developed as a new functional food for the elderly men.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.285-289
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• 2014

The extension of growing season (GS) across the Northern Hemisphere have been linked to increasing temperature, related with global warming. Therefore, in this study, The start, end, and length of GS in Suwon, Korea from 1971 to 2013 based on observed daily mean air temperature are examined using three indices. The GS starts on average after $98.598.5{\pm}1.42$ Julian days and ends after $318.7{\pm}1.08$ Julian days. The average length of GS is $220.2{\pm}2.09$ Julian days. The length of GS in Suwon from 1971 to 2013 has been extended by 6.8 days/decade with an earlier onset of the GS (-4.1 days/decade) and later end of the GS (2.7 days/decade). This change may be due to an advanced start of the GS in spring rather than later end of the GS. In further study, it is necessary to select an index carefully to find the most suitable one for Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1345-1350
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• 2019

Our recent study has revealed that in vivo intestinal transit rate (ITR) in normal mice was significantly increased by the administration of an aqueous extract of dried Gentiana scabra rhizomes and roots (GS-W) in a dose-dependent manner. Following on from our previous study, the effect of GS-W on ITR was measured in mice with experimentally induced gastrointestinal motility dysfunctions (GMDs) in the present study. GS-W showed no significant acute toxicity even at an oral dose of 5 g/kg to mice. ITR was significantly retarded in the GMD mice compared with that in normal mice, and this retardation was significantly recovered by the oral administration of GS-W in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ITR value of GS-W at a dose of 1 g/kg appeared to be higher than that of cisapride, which was predominantly prescribed for human patients with various GMDs in the late 1900s but was withdrawn from the market in 2000 due to its fatal side effects. The current results suggest that GS-W is a potential substitute for cisapride to prevent or alleviate human GMDs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1994

The effects of the novel compound GS-386 on the calcium current were investigated in rabbit atrial myocytes. The calcium current was recorded during various depolarizations of 200 ms duration from a holding potential of -40 mV using the whole cell patch clamp technique. The calcium current was activated from -30 mV, reached maximum amplitude at +10 mV and almost disappeared at +50 mV. Superfusion of GS-386 led to a reduction of the calcium current amplitude dose-dependently and $ED_{50}$ was $2.5{\times}10^{-7}M$. But the dependence of the calcium current on the membrane potential was not altered by GS-386. The inactivation of the calcium currents showed single exponential curves in both before and after application of GS-386. The inactivation time constants before and after application of GS-386 were almost the same(35 ms and 32.5 ms). The steady-state inactivation curve of the calcium current was not shifted by GS-386. The calcium currents both before and after application of GS-386 recovered completely in 1 sec and the recovery time constants were about 200 ms in both cases. From the above results it is concluded that the novel compound GS-386 has calcium antagonistic property decreasing the calcium current.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

Recently, we reported that GS 389 has vasodilating action without cardiac inotropic action (Chang et al., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 72, 327-334, 1994). However the mechanism of action of GS 389 has not been thoroughly evaluated. In the present study, we performed functional study of GS 389 in rat trachealis, thoracic aorta, pig coronary artery by isometric tension and in human platelets by aggregation experiments. We also tested if GS 389 influences on $Ca^{2+}$movement and inositol phosphate metabolism. In rat trachealis, GS 389 concentration-dependently relaxed carbachol (0.1 $\mu$M)- and high $K^{+}$(65.4 mM)-induced contraction with p$IC_{50}$/ of 4.43$\pm$ 0.19 and 4.11$\pm$0.12, respectively. In $Ca^{2+}$-free media, GS 389 inhibited carbachol-induced phasic contraction. In rat thoracic aorta, GS 389 inhibited $^{45}$ Ca uptake due to norepinephrine and high $K^{+}$, indicating that GS 389 has direct inhibitory action of $Ca^{2+}$movement. Furthermore, GS 389 competitively inhibited U46619-induced contraction in rat thoracic aorta and pig coronary artery with K, values of 5.23$\pm$0.12 and 5.56$\pm$0.14, respectively, and inhibited U 46619-induced phosphatidylinositide (PI) turnover in rat aorta. GS 389 also concentration-dependently inhibited the human platelet aggregation against U 46619 with p$IC_{50}$/ 5.66$\pm$0.02. These results indicate that GS 389 has thromboxane $A_2$ antagonistic action in vascular and platelets as well as direct action on $Ca^{2+}$ movement, which may account, at least in part, for relaxing action of rat trachealis. trachealis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) according to globus sensation (GS). Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 29 GERD patients who visited the Department of Digestive Diseases of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from March 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019. The subjects were classified according to the presence of globus sensation, and the two groups were compared in terms of heart rate variability (HRV) and the Ryodoraku results. Results: In comparing the GERD with GS group (GS group) and the GERD without GS group (non-GS group), a significant difference was found in the duration of symptom and several HRV parameters. The duration of the symptom in the GS group was significantly longer than that in the non-GS group. The non-GS group showed a significantly higher value of total power and high frequency than the GS group. Conclusions: The results suggest a significant difference in the stress level between patients with GERD with GS and those without GS. When approaching patients with GERD without GS, their stress status should be considered.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.547-553
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• 2012

Cheongkookjang that was prepared with three kinds of soybeans [non-germinated soybean (NG), soybeans germinated for 12 hr (GS12), and soybeans germinated for 24 hr (GS24)] were investigated. The changes in the pH, total aerobes, and slime content of Cheongkookjangs that were prepared with NG, GS12 and GS24 did not significantly differ during their fermentation for 48 hr at $40^{\circ}C$. The total aerobes of the Cheongkookjang variants reached $10^8{\sim}10^9$ CFU/mL after theirfermentation for 48 hr. The total polyphenol content and DPPH-radical-scavenging activities the germionated and non-germinated soybeans did not significantly differ, but increased significantly according to the germination degree during the fermentation. The isoflavone content of the Cheongkookjang with the germinated soybean increased. The isoflavone content of Cheongkookjang variant were 0.141 mg/g (NG), 0.369 mg/g (GS12) and 0.569 mg/g (GS24); their free amino acid contents were 254.26 mg% (NG), 337.49 mg% (GS12) and 528.78 mg% (GS24); and their sensory characteristics such as their taste, color, flavor, bitter taste, texture, and overall acceptability did not significantly differ.