• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 1992

Quadratic programming problems(QP) have been widely used as a direction-finding subproblem in the engineering and structural design optimization. To develop an efficient solution algorithm for the QP subproblems, theoretical aspects and numerical behavior of mathematical programming methods that can be used as QP solver are studied and compared. For the solution of both primal and dual QP, Simplex, gradient projection(GRP), and augmented Lagrange multiplier algorithms are investigated and coded. From the numerical study, it is found that the primal GRP algorithm with potential constraint strategy and the dual Simplex algorithm are more attractive and effective than the others. They have theoretical robustness as well. Moreover, primal GRP algorithm is preferable in case the number of constraints is larger than the number of design variables. Favorable features of GRP and Simplex algorithm are merged into a combined algorithm, which is useful in the structural design optimization.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2009

A full-length cDNA of OgGRP gene encoding a glycinerich cell wall protein was isolated from wild rice (Oryza grandiglumis). Deduced amino acid sequences of OgGRP are composed of 148 amino acids (16.3 kDa), and show 85.9% homology with Osgrp-2 (Oryza sativa). RT-PCR analysis showed that RNA expression of OgGRP was regulated by defense-related signaling chemicals, such as cantharidin, endothall, jasmonic acid, wounding, or yeast extract treatment. In relation to pathogen stress, the function of OgGRP was analyzed in OgGRP over-expressing Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of OgGRP in Arabidopsis contributed to moderate resistance against fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, by lowering disease rate and necrosis size. In the analysis of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines to check the change of gene expression profile, induction of PR1, PR5 and PDF1.2 was confirmed. The induction seemed to be caused by the interaction of ectopic expression of OgGRP with SA-and JA-dependent signaling pathways.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.919-920
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.378-379
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• 2008

Recently, composite hollow bushings have been increasingly employed mainly from the various characteristics. Composite bushings are superior to porcelain bushings in several respects, including lighter weight, better anti-pollution and anti-explosion properties, and easer manufacturing. Filament wound GRP tubes which have various winding angle were manufactured by using a filament winding machine. This paper will show some design issues and winding condition for composite bushing. And, results show that the winding condition of composite GRP tubes can be used to improved their bending strength and pressure, For bending and pressure tested, tubes with the hybrid winding pattern show higher strength than those of unit winding pattern. Also, the influence of absorption was evaluated through such as measurement of the dye penetration test and water diffusion test, also aspects of surface state using scanning electron microscopy.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

Previously, we have identified 14 putative downstream target genes of Hoxc8 homeoprotein in F9 murine embryonic teratocarcinoma cells through proteomics analysis. Among those, we tested a possibility of a DNA-k type molecular chaperone, Grp78, as a direct downstream target of Hoxc8, by cloning a 2.4 kb upstream region of murine Grp78 into a reporter plasmid and by testing if Hoxc8 can regulate its expression. We observed that Hoxc8 proteins could transactivate the reporter gene, which was affected by small interference RNAs (siRNAs) against to Hoxc8, suggesting that Grp78 is a novel downstream target of Hoxc8 in vivo.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 1991

We have previously reported that simulated snuff dipping in conjunction with type I herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) induced oral malignant changes in hamsters. Present study was designed to investigate the carcinogenic effect of tobacco specific-N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) and HSV-1, alone or in combination, in hamsters. Hamsters were divided into 6 groups and the right buccal pouch mucosa were treated as follows: Grp 1, Control (Mock inoculation) [MI]+Topical Application [TA] of mineral oil[MO] : Grp 2, TA of 1% n'- nitrosonornicotine [NNN] + IM: Grp3, TA of 1% 4-N-nitrosomethylamino-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone [NNK] + MI: Grp 4, HSV-1 inoculation [HI]+TA of MO : Grp 5, TA of 1% N-nitrosonornicotine [NNN] + HI: Grp 6, TA of 1% NNK + HI. TA of MO or TSNAs was initiated 1 day after the MI or HI and given 3 times per week for 20 consecutive weeks. At the buccal pouches were fixed for light microscope examination. No animal s developed tumors or malignant histopathologic changes in the mucosa of the buccal pouches. These data indicate that individual TSNAs, alone or in conjunction with HSV-1 infection, do not develop malignant changes in hamster buccal pouches.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.409-414
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• 2006

Molecular chaperones and folding enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associate with the newly synthesized proteins to prevent their aggregation and help them fold and assemble correctly. Chaperone function of BiP, which is a Hsp70 homologue in ER, is controlled by the N-terminal ATPase domain. The ATPase activity of the ATPase domain is affected by regulatory factors. BAP was identified as a nucleotide exchange factor of BiP (Grp78), which exchanges ADP with ATP in the ATPase domain of BiP This study presents whether BAP can influence folding of a protein, immunoglobulin heavy chain that is bound to BiP tightly. We first examined which nucleotide of ADP and ATP affects on BAP binding to BiP The data showed that endogenous BAP of HEK293 cells prefers ADP for binding to BiP in vitro, suggesting that BAP first releases ADP from the ATPase domain in order to exchange with ATP. Immunoglobulin heavy chain, an unfolded protein substrate, was released from BiP in the presence of BAP but not in the presence of ERdj3, which is another regulatory factor for BiP accelerating the rate of ATP hydrolysis of BiP The ADP-releasing function of BAP was, therefore, believed to be responsible for immunoglobulin heavy chain release from BiP. Grp170, another Hsp70 homologue in ER, did not co-precipited with BAP from $[^{35}S]$-metabolic labeled HEK293 lysate containing both overexpressed Grp170 and BAP. These data suggested that BAP has no specificity to Grp170 although the ATPase domains of Grp170 and BiP are homologous each other.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.741-746
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• 2004

This study investigated the response of GLUT-4 and GRP-78 protein expression in soleus muscle of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with caffeine oral administration by imposing different exercise intensities. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6 in each group): diabetic group (D), diabetic-caffeine group (DC), diabetic-caffeine group with low intensity exercise (DCL), diabetic-caffeine group with moderate intensity exercise (DCM) and diabetic-caffeine group with high intensity exercise (DCH). The rats in DCL, DCM and DCH groups were exercised acutely by treadmill running for 8 meter/m, 16 meter/m and 25 meter/m, respectively. Little difference in GLUT-4 protein expression was shown in DC and DCL compared to D. GLUT-4 protein expression was decreased in DCM and increased in DCH was observed. GRP-78 protein expressions in DCL, DCM and DCH were little lower than that of D. An increase in GRP-78 protein was observed in DC. Improved insulin sensitivity with acute high intensity exercise gives the rats important therapy that lowers insulin requirement. This improvement of insulin sensitivity for glucose transport in skeletal muscle results from translocation of the GLUT-4 protein from the endoplasmic reticilum to the cell surface and increase in total quantity of GLUT-4 protein. It is not clear what mechanism reduced GRP-78 protein level in exercise group. It is merely conjectured that caffeine-induced lipolysis provided cells with energy in abundance and this relieved stress which cells are subjected to receive when performing exercise.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.407-415
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• 2017

In the present study, we investigated the role of binding immunoglobulin protein/glucose-regulated protein, 78-kDa (BIP/GRP78)-regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress on meiotic maturation and cumulus cells expansion in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Previously, it has been demonstrated that unfolded protein response (UPR)-related genes, such as molecules involved in ER-stress defense mechanisms, were expressed in matured oocytes and cumulus cells during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes. However, BIP/GRP78-mediated regulation of ER stress in porcine oocytes has not been reported. Firstly, we observed the effects of knockdown of BIP/GRP78 (an UPR initiation marker) using porcine-specific siRNAs (#909, #693, and #1570) on oocyte maturation. Among all siRNAs, siRNA #693 significantly reduced the protein levels of UPR marker proteins (BIP/GRP78, ATF4, and P90ATF6) in porcine COCs observed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. We also observed that the reduction of BIP/GRP78 levels by siRNA#693 significantly inhibited the meiotic maturation of oocytes (siRNA #693: $32.5{\pm}10.1%$ vs control: $77.8{\pm}5.3%$). In addition, we also checked the effect of ER-stress inhibitors, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, $200{\mu}M$) and melatonin ($0.1{\mu}M$), in BIP/GRP78-knockdown oocytes. TUDCA and melatonin treatment could restore the expression levels of ER-stress marker proteins (BIP/GRP78, $p-eIF2{\alpha}$, $eIF2{\alpha}$, ATF4, and P90ATF6) in siRNA #693-transfected matured COCs. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that BIP/GRP78-mediated regulation of UPR signaling and ER stress plays an important role in in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2009

A cDNA clone for a transcript preferentially expressed during an early phase of flooding was isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. Nucleotide sequencing of the cDNA clone identified an open reading frame that has high homology to the previously reported glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins. The open reading frame consists of 157 amino acids with an N-terminal RNA-recognition motif and a C-terminal glycine-rich domain, and thus the cDNA clone was designated as Nicotiana tabaccum glycine-rich RNA-binding protein-1 (NtGRP1). Expression of NtGRP1 was upregulated under flooding stress and also increased, but at much lower levels, under conditions of cold, drought, heat, high salt content, and abscisic acid treatment. RNA homopolymer-binding assay showed that NtGRP1 binds to all the RNA homopolymers tested with a higher affinity to poly r(G) and poly r(A) than to poly r(U) and poly r(C). Nucleic acid-binding assays showed that NtGRP1 binds to ssDNA, dsDNA, and mRNA. NtGRP1 suppressed expression of the fire luciferase gene in vitro, and the suppression of luciferase gene expression could be rescued by addition of oligonucleotides. Collectively, the data suggest NtGRP1 as a negative modulator of gene expression by binding to DNA or RNA in bulk that could be advantageous for plants in a stress condition like flooding.