• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1623-1628
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• 2011

The effects of dietary lysine (Lys) at a fixed ratio to crude protein (CP) and essential amino acids (EAA) on early growth response of broilers were studied. Four diets were formulated to contain similar metabolizable energy (ME, 2,950 kcal/kg) but contained graded levels of incremental Lys (1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4%) while also increasing the dietary CP and EAA (methionine, methionine+ cystine, threonine and tryptophan) to maintain a constant ratio with Lys. Each diet was fed at random to 10 replicates of 6 chicks each throughout the experimental period (1-21 d). At the lowest concentration of Lys of 1.1% (19.04% CP), body weight gain (BWG) was lowest and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was poorest. The BWG increased and FCR decreased linearly as dietary Lys increased upto 1.3% (22.5% CP). Lowest feed consumption was observed in the dietary group that contained 1.1% Lys (19.04% CP) in the diet. Increasing the concentration of Lys to 1.2% (20.77% CP), significantly increased the feed consumption. The concentrations of protein, calcium, phosphorus and cholesterol in serum were not influenced by the variation in Lys contents in the diet. The humoral immune response as measured by antibody titre in response to SRBC inoculation was significantly lower in the diets containing 1.1% Lys compared to 1.4%. It is concluded that the Lys requirement of broilers is 1.3% (22.5% CP) during 0 to 21 days of age for eliciting optimum performance when a fixed ratio of Lys to CP (1:17.31) and essential AA is maintained (1:0.47 Met; 1:0.56 Thr; 1:0.17 Try).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1170-1177
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted to assess the interaction between genotypes and dietary lysine content in commercial broiler chicks by measuring growth, and response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) inoculation. Female chicks from four genotypes (A=Anak 2000; B=Hubbard; C=Cobb and D=Synthetic broiler) were fed four levels of lysine in diet from d old till the end of experiment. The lysine content of the diet was 9.61, 10.51, 11.41 and 12.31 g/kg. Body weights at 0, 14, 28 and 42 d of age and pen-wise feed intake till 14, 28 and 42 d of age were recorded. Production of antibody against SRBC and resistance to E.coli were measured at 5 d of post inoculation (PI) at 43 d of age. Also, response to phytohemaglutinin-P (PHA-P) was measured at 12 and 24 h of PI at 48 d of age. Genotype by dietary lysine interaction was significant for body weights at 14 and 28 d of age, but not at 42 d of age. Genotype by dietary lysine interaction was not significant for feed efficiency, for antibody titers against SRBC, and for air sac lesion score, relative bodyweight change, and relative weights of bursa and spleen in response to E.coli inoculation. However, a significant interaction was observed between the levels of lysine and dosage of SRBC for antibody titers. There was significant genotype by dietary lysine interaction for cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity (CBH) response to PHA-P at 12 and 24 h of PI. It may be concluded that to obtain optimum body weight and immunity in commercial broilers the dietary lysine requirement may be recommended specific to the genotype.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.571-578
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• 2014

The garlic cultivation area is moved by change of grown environment due to global warming. It is important to predict changes in cultivation area, quantity and quality of each crop. This study was carried out to estimate the yield and response of garlic growth by the rapid temperature changes in the greenhouse with thermostat control system. Seedlings of Namdo garlic were planted on September 27, 2012 and harvested on May 30, 2013. The used treatments for a rapid temperature change in March-April-May were T0 (control): $6.0-10.4-17.2^{\circ}C$, T1: $6.0-5.4(-5)-17.2^{\circ}C$, T2: $6.0-10.4-22.2(+5)^{\circ}C$ and T3: $6.0-5.4(-5)-22.2(+5)^{\circ}C$. Total dried weight per plant of garlic significantly increased by 5.0% for T2, but T1 and T3 decreased by 12.5 and 4.6%, respectively, compared to T0. Total yields of bulb within the temperature change as T2 and T0 increased significantly (p<0.05), as compared to T1. Decreasing temperature significantly (p<0.05) reduced plant height, SPAD reading, crude protein and fiber contents etc., as compared to T0 and T2. ABA contents gradually increased with time but IAA content rapidly decreased. Conclusively, growth and yield of garlic were more affected by decreased temperature than increased temperature at bulb development stage.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2008

Purpose : Mechanical stress activates signaling cascades and leading to a specific response of a network of signaling pathways. The purpose of this study is to review the effect of mechanical stress-induced adaptation in skeletal muscle involves a biological mechanisms. Methods : This is literature study with Pubmed, Medline and books. Results : Skeletal muscle tissue demonstrates a malleability and may adjust its metabilic response, vascularization and neuromuscular characteristic makeup in response to alteration in functional demands. The adaptation in skeletal muscle involoves a multitude of signalling mechanisms related with insuline-like growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, neurotrophins. Conclusions : The identification of the basic relationships underlying the malleability of skeletal muscle tissue is likely to be of relevance for our understanding with PNF technique.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.288-291
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• 2002

We developed a new RF indirect-heating LPE furnace. The thermal gradient of our newly developed furnace is less than that of direct heating, and is as gentle as that of the resistance-heating LPE furnace. With this new furnace, the heating and/or cooling is faster than that of the resistance-heating furnace. Impurity-doped YIG film was grown from a $PbO-B_{2}O_{3}$, based flux on a (111) GGG substrate. To study the effect of the impurities on the MSSW threshold power and the saturation response time, we used two microstrip lines to excite and propagate the MSSW at 1.9 GHz. The MSSW threshold power and saturation response time was found to be related to the $\Delta$H.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1307-1313
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the single and combined effect of concentrations of garlic juice according to the pH and temperature on the growth of Salmonella enteritidis in brain heart infusion broth, and to develope Response surface model for the effect of concentrations of garlic extract. The results of electric conductibility of Salmonella enteritidis growing in the range of incubation temperature ($25~42^{\circ}C$), pH (5.5~9.0) and concentration of garlic Juice (0~0.8%) showed that a badge with high temperature had low D.T.value and concentration of garlic extract were significantly correlated with D.T.value (p<0.01). Growth of Salmonella enteritidis in the condition of $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0 presented the lowest D.T.value.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.600-606
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• 2016

The effects of feeding frequency on the growth, food consumption, body composition, and hematological response of the Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii were investigated for 77 days at ambient water temperatures (17.2-24.5℃) in a sea cage in Tongyeong, Korea. Three replicate groups of fish were hand-fed to satiation with a commercial diet in one of four different feeding frequency trials (one meal every 2 days, and one, two and three meals per day). At the end of the experiment, the mean weight gain, specific growth rate, and daily feed intake of fish fed one and two meals per day were significantly higher than those of fish fed one meal every 2 days or three meals per day. The feed efficiency of the fish fed three meals per day was significantly lower than that of the fish in the other groups. The glucose concentration of fish fed one meal every 2 days was significantly higher than that of the other groups. We conclude that the optimum feeding frequency for improving the growth of Korean rockfish weighing 100-200 g reared in sea cages is one meal per day under our experimental conditions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

Ready-made Garments (RMG) export earnings, which are almost 80% of the total exports of Bangladesh, have been recognized as one of the main catalysts for the recent development of the country. Therefore, the need to determine whether the RMG export had served as a mechanism for increasing the GDP growth as well as the economic development of the country is topical and pressing. We have applied the Johansen Co-integration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to reveal the linkage of RMG export earnings and other variables with the GDP growth rate in Bangladesh. Using data from 1990 to 2020 for Bangladesh, we have found long-run as well as short-run associations among RMG Export earnings, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and GDP growth. A co-integration among the variables is validated through the Johansen Co-integration test. Moreover, a causal correlation running from RMG export earnings to GDP was revealed by the Granger causality test in the long run. Finally, we estimated impulse response functions to observe the variations of model variables in response to a shock. Our result supports the proposition that RMG export earnings are one of the main growth engines in Bangladesh and this sector leads growth in other sectors also in the long term.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.451-461
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• 2005

The effect of carbon dioxide on yeast growth was investigated during the cultivation of pH 5.0 and pH 6.8. by replacing the nitrogen part with carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions. The values of the specific growth rate under pH 5.0 and pH 6.8 conditions became 64.0% and 46.9%, respectively, compared to those before the change in gas composition. This suggests that the effect of carton dioxide was greater pronounced in pH 6.8 than in pH 5.0. The genome-wide transcriptional response to elevated carbon dioxide was examined using a DNA microarray. As for upregulated genes, it was noteworthy that 3 genes were induced upon entry into a stationary phase and 6 genes were involved in stress response. Of 53 downregulated genes, 22 genes were involved in the ribosomal biogenesis and assembly and 5 genes were involved in the lipid metabolism. These facts suggest that carbon dioxide could bring the cell conditions partially to a stationary phase. The ALD6 gene encoding for cytosolic acetaldehyde dehydrogenase was downregulated, which would lead to a lack of cell components for the growth. The downregulation of ALD6 was greater in pH 6.8 than in pH 5.0. consistent with physiological response. This suggests that it might be the most effective factor for growth inhibition.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

Due to the strong influence of nitrogen(N) on plant productivity, a vast amount of N fertilizers is used to maximize crop yield. Over-use of N fertilizers leads to severe pollution of the environment, especially the aquatic ecosystem, as well as reducing farmer's income. Growing of N-efficient cultivars is an important prerequisite for integrated nutrient management strategies in both low- and high-input agriculture. Taking maize as a sample crop, this paper reviews the response of plants to low N stress, the physiological processes which may control N-use efficiency in low-N input conditions, and the genetic and molecular biological aspects of N-use efficiency. Since the harvest index(HI) of modern cultivars is quite high, further improvement of these cultivars to adapt to low N soils should aim to increase their capacity to accumulate N at low N levels. To achieve this goal, establishment and maintenance of a large root system during the growth period may be essential. To reduce the cost of N and carbon for root growth, a strong response of lateral root growth to nitrate-rich patches may be desired. Furthermore, a large proportion of N accumulated in roots at early growth stages should be remobilized for grain growth in the late filling stage to increase N-utilization efficiency. Some QTLs and genes related to maize yield as well as root traits have been identified. However, their significance in improving maize NUE at low N inputs in the field need to be elucidated.