• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-99
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to find out the bio-effects due to be a radiation fractionated exposure. The experimental animals were divided into the control group and the radiation exposure groups of 20cGy, 40cGy and 80cGy with 220 male Sprague-Dawley rats at 6 weeks old. The radiation exposure groups were fractionated exposed from each 20cGy, 40cGy and 80cGy for every 5 days. The chromosome aberrations, the frequency of SCE, the changes of body weight, hematological values and enzyme activities were investigated for the fractionating exposure times and the time after fractionated exposure. The results were summarized as follows 1. The body weight of the radiation exposure groups were significantly decreased compared with control group according to the increasing fractionated exposure times, and it was the lowest values at the immediately after the end of the fractionating exposed, but it was recovered with the level of control group at 3rd weeks gradually increased 1st week after fractionated exposure. 2. The values of WBC, RBC, Hb and Hct in the radiation exposure groups were significantly decreased than those the control group, but the values of GOT, GPT, ALP, and LDH in the radiation exposure groups were significantly increased than those of the control group. 3. The frequency of chromosomal aberration were increased according to the increasing fractionated exposure dose, and it showed the highest at 5th days after fractionated exposed. The types of chromosomal aberration were occurred such as a numerical abnormality, deletion, break and duplication, it was not recovered immediately and maintained high frequency than the control group. 4. The frequency of SCE were significantly increased according to the increasing fractionated exposure dose in 20cGy, 40cGy and 80cGy groups. But it was recovered the level of control group at 7th days after fractionated exposure. According to the above results, this study could confirm that the frequency of chromosomal aberration and SCE were increased with fractionated exposure dose, the other hand, the changes of body weight, hematological values and enzyme activity values were significantly affected according to the increasing fractionated exposure dose.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2002

Diets containing 0.02 to 10.0% EM-fermented orange (EFO) were fed to Paralichthys olivaceus(8.5 g), which were reared in flow-through system for 16 weeks. Groups fed on diets containing 0.1 and 0.2% EFO grew significantly faster; their feed coefficient and daily feeding rate were also higher. The number of goblet cells present in the mid-intestine of the fish receiving dietary EFO was significantly more. Total cholesterol level in plasma of the fish fed with 0.02% EFO was lower. However, there was no significant difference in GOT and GPT among the groups receiving different levels of EFO.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body fat and risk factors of chronic diseases in obese children and eventually to contribute to the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, skinfold thickness, circumferences, body fat content were measured in 55 obese subjects of age 5-20. Blood pressure, serum components, daily food intakes were also considered. The average age of the subjects was 12.5$\pm$3.3yrs and the mean obesity index was 64.7$\pm$21.3%. The average percentage of body fat was 35.6$\pm$5.4% and the mean weight of lean body mass was 45.3$\pm$13.9kg. Mean total muscle weight of the subjects was estimated to be 34.11$\pm$1.3kg. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the obese were 134.8$\pm$15.8mmHg and 69.6$\pm$11.6mgHg respectively. The concentrations fo serum triglyceride, total cholersterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were estimated to be 246.0$\pm$136.4mg/dl, 257.0$\pm$54.3mg/dl, 48.2$\pm$13.1mg/dl and 158.9$\pm$53.5mg/이 respectively. The concentrations of serum GOT and GPT were 34.6$\pm$17.1U/L and 24.7$\pm$15.3U/L. The mean content of uric acid is serum was 6.2$\pm$1.9mg/dl. Of these 55 children, 82% has hyperlipidemia, 26% was abnormal liver function and 24% was hyperuricemia. One patient was diabetic. Eighty seven% of them have developed more than one complications.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.41-57
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• 2005

This study has been carried out to understand the effect of Danchisoyosangagambang (DC) on the hyperglycemic mice induced with streptozotocin(STZ). Experimental groups were made diabetic mice by intraperitoneal injection of STZ(60 mg/kg of body weight) tw ice by 24 h interval and then 120 mg/kg STZ was injected again 3 days after the earlier treatment. Control group was administered mice with 0.9 % saline(2 mL/kg), and experim ental groups were administered DC extract(DCA group, 10 mg/kg/day; DCB group, 30 mg/kg/day) after hyperglycemic induction for 6 weeks. The body weight of experimental groups was lower than control. The blood glucose concentration increased continuously, rea ching to 298.9 mg/dL after 6 weeks, however, experimental groups of the DCA and DCB groups significantly(p<0.0l) decreased in the 4, 5, and 6 weeks groups. Blood glucose tolerance test was not significant between control and experimental groups. We examined the blood transaminase activities to know the effect of herbal medicine on liver function. The GOT activities were lower in group DCB than in control. The GPT activities were lower in group DCA and DCB than in control. The content of triglyceride was significantly increased in group DCA compared to control. The SOD and catalase activities were higher in the group DCA compared to control. The results of immunohistochemical study, a few of insulin positive cells observed in the control and experimental group. These results suggest that administration of DC extract to the hyperglycemic mice decreased the blood glucose level.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1997

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti, the author gave Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su(B18) and Ki-mun(Liv14), and carried out hematological, serological observation. Experimental groups were divided into 2 group : the one group was injected with extracted solution prepared by distillation method (A aqua-acupuncture treatment group), the other group was injected with extracted solution prepared by alchol extraction method (B aqua-acupuncture treatment group). The following results were obtained : 1. WBC level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. RBC and hemoglobin levels were not changed significantly in the experimental groups. 2. Total cholesterol level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. ALP level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6 and 24 hours as compared with the control group. ${\gamma}-GTP$ level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. 3. GOT level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6 and 12 hours as compared with the control group. GPT level was decreased siginificantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 96 hours as compared with the control group. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.560-568
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare the dietary behaviors and the nutrient intake of a middle school and a high school girls in Iksan. The subjects consisted of 132 middle school girls and 122 high school girls in Iksan. The proportion of subjects eating meals irregularly was higher in the high school girls (98.6%) than in the middle school girls(78.7%). The proportion of subjects skipping a meal also was higher in the high school girls(61.5%) than in the middle school girls(53.8%) and most of them (65.8%) skipped breakfast though they thought breakfast was the most important meal of a day (87.4%). The subjects tended to overeat at lunch (38.6%), and at dinner (55.9%). The main reasons of skipping a meal were 1. They had no time (49.3%), and 2. They had poor appetite (24.7%) Mean daily energy intake was 2198.5Kcal in the middle school girls and 2150.5Kcal in the high school girls and mean daily intake of protein, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$ and niacin was significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.01) in the middle school girls than in the high school girls. Mean daily calcium, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin A and C intake of middle school girls were lower than those of RDA and all nutrients intake of high school girls except for phosphorus was lower than those of RDA. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) was under 1.0 for calcium, iron, vitamin A, $B_1$ and C. Mean blood level of cholesterol, triglyceride, Hb, Hct, GOT, GPT were 170.9mg/dl, 78.9mg/dl, 13.1g/dl, 39.5%, 18.8mg/d and 15.7mg/dl, respectively.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 1992

Effects of repeated physical exercise on the carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) hepatotoxicity were examined in adult female rats. Rats were introduced into a cylindrical rotating cage and forced to exercise for 1 hr each day, 6days/week, for 5 consecutive weeks at a speed starting from 10m/min, increased by 1m/min per day until the speed reached 27m/min. Significantly less body weight gain was observed in the exercise group suggesting that physical fitness had been induced in these animals. Eighteen hours following termination of the last exercise bout rats were treated with $CCl_4$(2 mmol/kg.ip). The $CCl_4$-induced heptotoxicity was significantly potentiated in the repeated exercise group compared to the resting sedentary animals as determined by changes in serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase) activities when measured 24hrs following the $CCl_4$ treatment. Hepatic drug metabolizing activity was determined in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of potentiating action of the $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity induced by repeated physical exercise. Repeated exercise increased the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 contents and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. The results suggest that the potentiation of $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity by repeated exercise is associated with induction of the mixed function oxidase (MFO) enzyme system mediating the metabolism of $CCl_4$ to its active metabolite(s).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 2008

This study was designed to evaluate the nutritional status and dietary problems of obese elementary students consuming unbalanced diets. Blood parameters, body-image perceptions, taste preferences, and nutrient intakes of 40 obese elementary students with unbalanced diets were compared to those of 40 additional obese elementary students as a control. The averages for age, height, weight, and obesity index were 11.5 years, 142.0 cm, 51.0 kg, and 35.4% in the study group and 11.8 years, 144.0 cm, 53.5 kg, and 36.3% in the control group, respectively. The major disliked foods by the students in the study group were vegetables (65%) particularly Kimchi (15%), as well as fish(15%), and pulses (10%). Mean serum cholesterol, blood glucose, GOT/GPT, and hemoglobin levels were 175.1 mg/dL, 89.2 mg/dL, 24.1/18.9 IU/L, and 14.3 g/dL in the study group and 182.8 mg/dL, 91.3 mg/dL, 28.3/33.9 IU/L, and 14.7 g/dL, in the control group, respectively. Approximately 60${\sim}$80% of the subjects responded that they eat a meal everyday, and the remainder skipped at least one meal. The preference for salty tasting foods was significantly lower in the study group, but the preference for hot tasting food was higher as compared to the obese control group(p<0.05, p<0.05). The daily energy intakes of the study and control groups were 1,768.3 kcal and 1,572.7 kcal, respectively, but there was no significant differences between them. Daily intakes of animal protein, fat, animal fat, and vitamin $B_2$ were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. In conclusion, this study found that obese children consuming unbalanced diets strongly disliked vegetables, particularly Kimchi, as well as hot tasting foods; however, they preferred salty foods. Daily intakes of animal protein and fat were higher in the study group as compared to obese children not consuming unbalanced diets.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2011

This study was initiated to investigate the effects of lyophilized purslane (Portulaca oleracea) powder (5% and 10%) on lipid levels in rats fed a hypercholesterolemia-inducing diet (1% cholesterol). During the four week study, there were no significant differences in either weight change or the food efficiency ratio between the group fed the hypercholesterol diet alone (HC) and the groups fed the purslane powder (HCPO-I and HCPO-II, 5% and 10% purslane, respectively). In serum, the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-C decreased significantly for the group fed the 10% purslane powder (HCPO-II) in comparison with the group fed the 5% purslane powder (HCPO-I). The atherogenic index (AI) was reduced by about 51% for the group fed the 10% purslane powder (1.47) in comparison with the HC group (3.03). The activities of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH decreased significantly for the groups fed the purslane powder in comparison with the HC group. Regarding liver tissue, the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased significantly for the purslane powder-fed rats compared to the HC group. The fecal lipid profiles increased significantly as the amount of purslane powder was increased. Compared to the HC group, the fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in the group fed the 10% purslane powder by about 2.8 times and 2.3 times, respectively. For the serum and liver tissue, the content of lipid peroxide decreased significantly in the groups fed purslane powder compared to the HC group. The data from this experiment show an increase in the lipid levels discharged in feces, suggesting that the supplementation of purslane powder to a hypercholesterolemia-inducing diet reduces lipid levels.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.775-781
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• 2003

In this study, we investigated to elevate the modulatory effect of flavonoid(fustin, sulfuretin, 10 mg/kg) which was isolated from Rhus verniciflua Stokes(RVS) in male Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 weeks on the toxicity of paraquat. In the flavonoids pretreated groups, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, malondialdehyde and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and malondialdehyde, alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen in lung tissue which was induced paraquat toxicity were slightly decrease compared to the normal group. In the lung tissue of flavonoids pretreated groups, malodialdehyde value, G-6-phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis were recovered to tile normal values and alkaline phosphatase activity was increased. From these results, we concluded that flavonoids which were isolated from RVS is an effective agent to inhibit the pulmonary and internal toxicities and hence we concluded that acitive components of fustin and sulfuretin which were isolated from RVS might be removed free radicals induced by paraquat.