• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 2010

In this paper, a new approach has been studied correcting the geometric distortion of SPOT 4 imagery. Two new equations were induced by the relationship between satellite and the Earth in the space. line-of-sight (LOS) vector adjustment model for SPOT 4 imagery was implemented in this study. This model is to adjust LOS vector under the assumption that the orbital information of satellite provided by receiving station is uncertain and this uncertainty makes a constant error over the image. This model is verified using SPOT 4 satellite image with high look angle and thirty five ground points, which include 10 GCPs(Ground Control Points) and 25 check points, measured by the GPS. In total thirty five points, the geometry of satellite image calculated by given satellite information(such as satellite position, velocity, attitude and look angles, etc) from SPOT 4 satellite image was distorted with a constant error. Through out the study, it was confirmed that the LOS vector adjustment model was able to be applied to SPOT4 satellite image. Using this model, RMSEs (Root Mean Square Errors) of twenty five check points taken by increasing the number of GCPs from two to ten were less than one pixel. As a result, LOS vector adjustment model could efficiently correct the geometry of SPOT4 images with only two GCPs. This method also is expected to get good results for the different satellite images that are similar to the geometry of SPOT images.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2009

This paper presents an online partial 3D modeling methodology that uses a mobile augmented reality system and aerial photographs, and a tracking methodology that compares the 3D model with a video image. Instead of relying on models which are created in advance, the system generates a 3D model for a real building on the fly by combining frontal and aerial views. A user's initial pose is estimated using an aerial photograph, which is retrieved from a database according to the user's GPS coordinates, and an inertial sensor which measures pitch. We detect edges of the rooftop based on Graph cut, and find edges and a corner of the bottom by minimizing the proposed cost function. To track the user's position and orientation in real-time, feature-based tracking is carried out based on salient points on the edges and the sides of a building the user is keeping in view. We implemented camera pose estimators using both a least squares estimator and an unscented Kalman filter (UKF). We evaluated the speed and accuracy of both approaches, and we demonstrated the usefulness of our computations as important building blocks for an Anywhere Augmentation scenario.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.559-562
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• 2017

In city, tracing of power transmission lines is difficult due to compound installation of overhead and underground lines, transposition, bad view caused by trees or big buildings. It is hard problem for electrical technician on site to trace power transformers or power lines to serve customers in 3 phase -4 wires power distribution systems. It is necessary that the correct and fast tracing method is required for load balancing among distribution lines. Old technology use to trace off-lines with high power impulse injection. Our proposed method use to trace live lines with very small power high frequency signal injection. Typical power transformers in the distribution system prevent propagating the higher frequency carrier signal. The proposed method uses the limited propagation ability to identify the power transformer to serve customers. Two end communication terminals are required to be synchronized between them for determination on electrically same phases. Challenging issue is to achieve synchronization without GPS providing synchronizing time. A novel power transformer and wire identification system is designed and implemented. The system consists of a transmitter and a receiver with power-line communication module. Some experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical concepts in a big commercial building. Also some simulations are done to help and understand the concepts by using MATLAB Simulink simulator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2009

The gravity data collected and reserved in Korea is seriously biased in its distribution. That is, only the west-southern part of the peninsula including Chungcheong and Jeonla area has dense distribution while only a part is covered in Gyoungsang area. Especially, the low density of the gravity data in mountainous area basically limits the accuracy of the gravimetric geoid in Korea. As one of the solution to overcome the problem, an airborne gravity survey were conducted from Dec. 2008 $\sim$ Jan. 2009. In this study, free-air gravity anomaly derived from the airborne gravity data which has consistent quality are presented. The data processing for the airborne gravity is composed of several corrections of errors such as errors from gravity measurement, errors from flight dynamics, errors from GPS, and errors from time synchronization. We presented detailed explanations on the data processing with the final cross-over results. The free-air anomaly from airborne gravity finally shows the cross-over accuracy of 2.21mGal which reflects the precision of each track is 1.56mGal. It is expected that the result from this study will play a role as input data in precision geoid determination with ground and ship-borne gravity data after appropriate fusion process.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.451-456
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• 2015

This research examines the use of Cross Bearing in the Republic of Korea Navy. Specifically, this study focuses on the degrees of errors caused by the order of measuring targets and suggests a new method to determine Advice Course. It then reviews the appropriateness of the contents of Location Report that is regularly to the duty officer during a voyage in a narrow channel. Whenever a naval vessel passes through a narrow channel, many number of sailors are assigned to diverse positions in order to enhance navigational safety. Even though it is possible to easily recognize the location of a ship with helps of various kinds of navigational equipments using state-of-the-art technology, there are still several situations where sailors' efforts are indispensible for calculating the position of their ship : when the ship is damaged during an engagement with enemies and when the enemies interfere (GPS) signals. In addition, the particularity of naval vessels in which many number of crew members can be assigned to various positions supports for the suitability of the use of Cross Bearing in the Navy. This study will contribute to navigational safety of the ROK Navy and fostering junior naval officers' seamanship.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.31-59
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• 2002

Recently there are many changes of logistics environment Such as integrated logistics information system, the rapid growth of the domestic and international small package express service and third party logistics with Electronic Commerce. At this time it is very important to deliver to customers the goods sold through EC speedy, accurately and safely. That is to say, the role of small package express service is very important at EC times. The bottlenecks of small package express service in the circumstances of EC are the weakness of EC operating company and small package express service provider the shortage of distribution centre and cargo terminal, the shortage of skilled man with related small package express service etc. So, I suggested that for activation of EC it is necessary to strengthen the strategic alliances, introduce GPS and use the third party logistics positively in the side of small package express service provider. And it is necessary to prepare for the settlements of traffic problems, support the introduction of integrated logistics service, logistics information system, deregulate restriction such as weight limit of vehicles in the side of the government. And to government support throughout extending nation's SOC, deregulation, support to small package express service terminal, permit to stopping & parking in downtown, abolishing a no passing zone, permit to being employed foreigner. Also this service involves ensuring that the product will arrive when wanted, and in an undamaged condition.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.15-29
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• 2005

Truck Shipment Safety Information, which is a part of the development of NERIS is divided into Optimal Route Guidance System and Emergency Response System. This research is for establishing an advance warning system, which aims for preventing damages(fire, explosion, gas-escape etc.) and detecting incidents that are able to happen during transporting hazardous materials in advance through monitoring the position of moving vehicles and the state of hazardous materials in real-time. This research is peformed to confirm the practical possibility of application of the advance warning system that monitors whether the hazardous materials transport vehicles move the allowed routes, finds the time and the location of incidents of the vehicles promptly and develops the emergency system that is able to respond to the incidents as well by using the technologies of CPS, CDMA and CIS with testing the ability of performance. As the results of the test, communication accuracies are 99$\%$ in freeway, 96$\%$ in arterial, 97$\%$ in hilly sections, 99$\%$ in normal sections, 96$\%$ in local sections, 99$\%$ in urban sections and 98$\%$ in tunnels. According to those results, the system has been recorded a high success rate of communication that enough to apply to the real site. However, the weak point appeared through the testing is that the system has a limitation of communication that is caused in the rural areas and certain areas where are fewer antennas that make communication possible between on-board unit and management server. Consequently, for the practical use of this system, it is essential to develop the exclusive en-board unit for the vehicles and find the method that supplements the receiving limitation of the GPS coordinates inside tunnels. Additionally, this system can be used to regulate illegal acts automatically such as illegal negligence of hazardous materials. And the system can be applied to the study about an application scheme as a guideline for transporting hazardous materials because there is no certain management system and act of toxic substances in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2014

This is the study to conduct the topographical analysis using the orthophotographic data from the waypoint flight using the UAV and constructed the system required for the automatic waypoint flight using the multicopter.. The results of the waypoint photographing are as follows. First, result of the waypoint flight over the area of 9.3ha, take time photogrammetry took 40 minutes in total. The multicopter have maintained the certain flight altitude and a constant speed that the accurate photographing was conducted over the waypoint determined by the ground station. Then, the effect of the photogrammetry was checked. Second, attached a digital camera to the multicopter which is lightweight and low in cost compared to the general photogrammetric unmanned airplane and then used it to check its mobility and economy. In addition, the matching of the photo data, and production of DEM and DXF files made it possible to analyze the topography. Third, produced the high resolution orthophoto(2cm) for the inside of the river and found out that the analysis is possible for the changes in vegetation and topography around the river. Fourth, It would be used for the more in-depth research on landscape analysis such as terrain analysis and visibility analysis. This method may be widely used to analyze the various terrains in cities and rivers. It can also be used for the landscape control such as cultural remains and tourist sites as well as the control of the cultural and historical resources such as the visibility analysis for the construction of DSM.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.52-71
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• 2011

This study was initiated with the intent to consider the features of Gugokwonlim and to compare Gabsagugok(甲寺九曲) to Yongsangugok(龍山九曲) against the backdrop of Mt. Gyeryong by revealing their nature and confirming the names and exact locations. A literature review, interviews with local people and field studies confirmed that Gabsagugok and Yongsangugok are each composed of 9 seasonal features. The former is made up of Yongyuso(龍遊沼) - Iilcheon(二一川) - Baengnyonggang(白龍岡) - Dalmuntaek(達門澤) - Geumgyeam(金鷄?) - Myeongwoldam(明月潭) - Gyemyeongam(鷄鳴巖) - Yongmunpok(龍門瀑) - Sujeongbong(水晶峰) while the latter is made up of Simyongmun(尋龍門) - Eunnyongdam(隱龍潭) - Waryonggang(臥龍剛) - Yuryongdae(遊龍臺) - Hwangnyongam(黃龍岩) - Hyeollyongso(見龍沼) - Ullyongtaek(雲龍澤) - Biryongchu(飛龍湫) - Sillyongyeon(神龍淵). Both Gabsagugok and Yongsangugok are part of Gugokwonlim built in the valleys of Mt. Gyeryong in the late Joseon Dynasty by Byeoksu Yun Deok-yeong (1927) and Chwieum Gwon Jun-myeon (1932), respectively, with a 5 year difference. Gabsagugok was supposedly designed to reflect an individual taste for the arts and to admire principles of Juyeok (ch. Zhouyi) and the beauty of nature. On the contrary, Yongsangugok appears to be the builder's expression of his longing for independence day, likened to the life of a dragon after receiving the sad news of Japan's annexation of Korea. Such differences show that these two builders had very different intentions from one another. The letters of Gabsagugok have a semi cursive style and were deeply engraved on the rock in a square shape. Consequently they have not been worn away except for those in Yongyuso, the first Gok. In contrast, the letters in Yongsangugok have an antiquated, cursive-Yija style but because they were engraved relatively lightly, serious wear and damage occurred. In terms of location, Gabsagugok was built around Ganseongjang adjacent to the 5th Gok while Yongsangugok was set up around the 5th Gok, Hwangnyongam. Meanwhile, the important motif which forms the background of Gabsagugok seemingly highlights the geographic identity of Mt. Gyeryong using the dragon and the chicken as themes. It also appears to symbolize the principles of Juyeok focusing on Kan of the Eight Trigrams for divination; this requires an in-depth study for confirmation. The main motif and theme of Yongsangugok is the dragon. It infuses the builder's intentions in Sangsinri Valley by communicating with nature through a story of a dragon's life from birth to ascension. It is assumed that he tried to use this story to express his hope for restoring the national spirit and reconstructing the country.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.26-36
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• 2018

This study aims to examine the characteristics of landscape through the analysis of location and the landscape of Gugok while also conducting the empirical study through the literature review, field study, and digital analysis of the Okgung Gugok. Oksan Gugok is a set of songs set in Ogsan Creek(玉山川)or Jagyese Creek(紫溪川, 紫玉山), which flows in front of the Oksan Memorial Hall(李彦迪), which is dedicated to the Lee Eong-jeok (李彦迪). We first ascertained the location and configuration of Oksan Gogok. Second, we confirmed the accurate location of Oksan Gogok by utilizing the digital topographic map of Oksan Gogok which was submitted by Google Earth Pro and Geographic Information Center as well as the length of the longitude of the gravel measured by the Trimble Juno SB GPS. Through the study of the literature and the field investigation, The results of the study are as follows. First, Yi Eonjeok was not a direct composer of Oksan Gugok, nor did he produce "Oksan Gugokha(Music)". Lee Ia-sung(李野淳), the ninth Youngest Son of Tweo-Kye, Hwang Lee, visited the "Oksan Gugokha" in the spring of 1823(Sunjo 23), which was the 270th years after the reign of Yi Eonjeok. At this time, receiving the proposal of Ian Sung, Lee Jung-eom(李鼎儼), Lee Jung-gi(李鼎基), and Lee Jung-byeong(李鼎秉), the descendants of Ian Sung set up a song and created Oksan Gugok Music. And the Essay of Oksan Travel Companions writted by Lee Jung-gi turns out being a crucial data to describe the situation when setting up the Ok-San Gugok. Second, In the majority of cases, Gogok Forest is a forest managed by a Confucian Scholar, not run by ordinary people. The creation of "Oksan Bugok Music" can be regarded as an expression of pride that the descendants of Yi Eonjeok and Lee Hwang, and next generation of several Confucian scholars had inherited traditional Neo-Confucian. Third, Lee Jung-eom's "Oksan Donghaengki" contains a detailed description of the "Oksan Gugokha" process and the process of creating a song. Fourth, We examined the location of one to nine Oksan songs again. In particular, eight songs and nine songs were located at irregular intervals, and eight songs were identified as $36^{\circ}01^{\prime}08.60^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$, $129^{\circ}09^{\prime}31.20^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$. Referring to the ancient kingdom of Taojam, the nine-stringed Sainam was unbiased as a lower rock where the two valleys of the East West congregate. The location was estimated at $36^{\circ}01^{\prime}19.79^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$, $129^{\circ}09^{\prime}30.26^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$. Fifth, The landscape elements and landscapes presented in Lee Jung-eom's "Oksan Gugokha" were divided into form, semantic and climatic elements. As a result, Lee Jung-eom's Cho Young-gwan was able to see the ideal of mountain water and the feeling of being idle in nature as well as the sense of freedom. Sixth, After examining the appearance of the elements and the frequency of the appearance of the landscape, 'water' and 'mountain' were the absolute factors that emphasized the original curved environment at the mouth of Lee Jung-eom. Therefore, there was gugokga can gauge the fresh ideas(神仙思想)and retreat ever(隱居思想). This inherent harmony between the landscape as well as through the mulah any ideas that one with nature and meditation, Confucian tube.