• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2443-2449
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• 2014

The recent increase in the number of network RTK users has led to a longer wait time for connecting to the existing VRS service, and consequently caused inconvenience such as a longer turnaround time for surveys. To resolve such issue, the NGII has developed the FKP service that involves a one-way communication. However, it is not spreading across the market as fast as anticipated, due to accuracy problems in the field. This study uses eight unified control points for a reliability assessment to compare and analyze the survey results obtained through the VRS and FKP services in various ways. The analysis reveals that the standard deviation of the FKP service is ${\pm}0.02m$, which is two times larger than that of the VRS, whilst its standard errors are X:-0.025m and Y:0.011m, proving that it is reliable to be used in the field. Therefore, we expect that the FKP service is going to be more broadly utilized for field surveys in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 2013

Network-RTK GPS positioning technique based on national CORS(Continuous Operating Reference Station) and wireless internet access as like VRS and FKP was developed to overcome the limitations of traditional RTK technique. In Korea, NGII(National Geographic Information Institute) provides network-RTK service based on 51 CORS and mobile internet network. The purpose of this study is the accuracy evaluation of the height determined by GPS VRS technique based on network-RTK, So, in this study GPS VRS positioning was accomplished through 1st level BM line located at Sancheong~Jinju and $2^{nd}$ level BM line located at Geochang~Sancheong and the average error of the each BM line was calculated as 2.15cm and 1.80cm respectively. This result shows that GPS VRS height positioning can be used in $3^{rd}$ and 4th public BM leveling and also work regulation is needed to apply the GPS VRS height positioning.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2018

The paper presents a new dynamic displacement measurement system. The developed displacement measurement system consists of a sensor module, a base module and a computation module. The sensor module, which contains a force-balanced accelerometer and low-price RTK-GNSS, measures the high-precision acceleration with sampling frequency of 100Hz, the low-precision displacement and velocity with sampling frequency of 10Hz. The measured data is transferred to the computation module through LAN cable, and precise displacement is estimated in real-time with 100Hz sampling frequency through a two stage Kalman filter. The field test was conducted at San Francisco-Oaklmand Bay bridge, CA, USA to verify the precision of the developed system, and it showed the RMSE was 1.68mm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

The SRP (Solar Radiation Pressure) model has always been an issue in the dynamic GPS (Global Positioning System) orbit determination. The widely used CODE (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) model and its variants have nine parameters to estimate the solar radiation pressure from the Sun and to absorb the remaining forces. However, these parameters show a very high correlation with each other and, therefore, only several of them are estimated at most of the IGS (International GNSS Service) analysis centers. In this study, we attempted to numerically verify the correlation between the parameters. For this purpose, a bi-directional, multi-step numerical integrator was developed. The correlation between the SRP parameters was analyzed in terms of post-fit residuals of the orbit. The integrated orbit was fitted to the IGS final orbit as external observations. On top of the parametric analysis of the SRP parameters, we also verified the capabilities of orbit prediction at later time epochs. As a secondary criterion for orbit quality, the positional discontinuity of the daily arcs was also analyzed. The resulting post-fit RMSE (Root-Mean-Squared Error) shows a level of 4.8 mm on average and there is no significant difference between block types. Since the once-per-revolution parameters in the Y-axis are highly correlated with those in the B-axis, the periodic terms in the D- and Y-axis are constrained to zero in order to resolve the correlations. The 6-hr predicted orbit based on the previous day yields about 3 cm or less compared to the IGS final orbit for a week, and reaches up to 6 cm for 24 hours (except for one day). The mean positional discontinuity at the boundary of two 1-day arcs is on the level of 1.4 cm for all non-eclipsing satellites. The developed orbit integrator shows a high performance in statistics of RMSE and positional discontinuity, as well as the separations of the dynamic parameters. In further research, additional verification of the reference frame for the estimated orbit using SLR is necessary to confirm the consistency of the orbit frames.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.133-148
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• 2016

Voices demanding a revision of the aviation law on the operating drones are continuously rising high with the increase of their applicability in various industry fields. According to the current regulations, drones are permitted to fly under very strict conditions, which include limited places and the line-of-sight visibility from pilots. Because of the strict regulations, it is almost impossible for drones to be used in many industries such as parcel delivery services. To improve the business value of drones, we have to improve the accuracy of drones' positions and provide the proper protection levels in order to detect and avoid any risks including the collisions with the other drones. SBAS(Satellite Based Augmentation System) can support the aviation requirements with the accuracy and integrity so as to reduce the position errors and to calculate the protection levels of drones. In this paper, we assign the flight heights of drones according to the decision heights as per LAAS(Local Area Augmentation System) landing categories and conduct a simulation to predict the SBAS available time of the day.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2014

ETRI(Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute) has joined National GNSS Research Center program of Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Agency for Defense Development in 2010. The research subject is technology for MSAR(Military Search and Rescue) system configuration. In this project, we analyses the ways in order to improve the accuracy, reliability, availability for MSAR system from M&S(Modeling and Simulation). The MSAR System M&S Software can be used for performance analysis of new elements, such as ground elements and satellite elements without any hardware development. In this paper, after introduction of the architecture design and functional scope of the simulator, the performance analysis result for MSAR M&S software is presented.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2015

Using the Total Electron Content (TEC) data from the Global Navigation Service System (GNSS) site in Jeju, operated by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (geographic location: $33.3^{\circ}N$, $126.5^{\circ}E$; geomagnetic location: $23.6^{\circ}N$) for 2002-2014 in Korea, the results of the statistical analysis of positive and negative ionospheric storms are presented for the first time. In this paper, ionospheric storms are defined as turbulences that exceed 50% of the percentage differential Global Positioning System (GPS) TEC ratio (${\Delta}TEC$) with monthly median GPS TEC. During the period of observations, the total number of positive ionospheric storms (${\Delta}TEC$ > 50%) was 170, which is greater than five times the number of negative ionospheric storms (${\Delta}TEC$ < - 50%) of 33. The numbers of ionospheric storms recorded during solar cycles 23 and 24 were 134 and 69, respectively. Both positive and negative ionospheric storms showed yearly variation with solar activity during solar cycle 23, but during solar cycle 24, the occurrence of negative ionospheric storms did not show any particular trend with solar activity. This result indicates that the ionosphere is actively perturbed during solar cycle 23, whereas it is relatively quiet during solar cycle 24. The monthly variations of the ionospheric storms were not very clear although there seems to be stronger occurrence during solstice than during equinox. We also investigated the variations of GPS positioning accuracy caused by ionospheric storms during November 7-10, 2004. During this storm period, the GPS positioning accuracies from a single frequency receiver are 3.26 m and 2.97 m on November 8 and 10, respectively, which is much worse than the quiet conditions on November 7 and 9 with the accuracy of 1.54 m and 1.69 m, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1696-1703
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• 2016

In this paper, it verifies site environment aspect that NDGPS (Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System) operated by MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) will be used as the same site of reference stations for SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System). In order to prove this feasibility, we analyze the site environment requirements for SBAS reference stations, as well as we establish the procedure for the verification of the site environment requirements. With this procedure of the site environment survey, we perform site survey in the real field and analyze the results. We select interim candidate sites for survey which currently operating 17 NDGPS reference stations. This paper could be utilized in the process of selection or installation of reference stations in the field of GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) and the drawing the consideration which NDGPS reference stations will be co-operated as SBAS reference stations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2013

This paper describes the orbital dynamics operation results for the launch and early operations phase (LEOP) of KOMPSAT-3, which was successfully launched on May 18, 2012. At the initial phase, operational orbit determination was carried out using ground tracking data and GPS navigation solution. And, both in-plane and out-of plane maneuvers were executed in order to change the orbit from the injection orbit to the mission orbit. In addition, the accuracy of precise orbit determination was indirectly evaluated by overlapping method using GPS raw data of KOMPSAT-3 and international GNSS service data from worldwide-distributed ground stations. Currently, KOMPSAT-3 is operated in pre-defined mission orbit, and its various kinds of orbit data are generated and distributed to support the normal mission operations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2013

Recently, it is a pretty well known way to compute GPS/INS using Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) and Network-based RTK for obtaining Exterior Orientation (EO) parameters of aerial photogrammetry. In this study, it is way to compute Exterior Orientation (EO) parameters using ground base stations, using Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) broadcast orbits and International GNSS Service (IGS) rapid orbits. And the residuals of Exterior Orientation (EO) parameters were computed based on the results of ground base station. As a result, the case of using SmartBase to obtain Exterior Orientation (EO) parameters was showed the high accuracy of X, Y, K more than using Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) of National Geographic Information Institute (NGII). Also, distance and direction of Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) of National Geographic Information Institute (NGII) from ground base station affected Exterior Orientation (EO) parameters. And different forms of residuals were shown according to the aerial photo courses.