• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.312-315
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• 2008

Purpose: Amelanotic melanoma represents a melanoma with an absence or a small number of melanin pigments and comprises 2% of all melanomas. These melanomas are frequently misdiagnosed, probably because of its nonspecific clinical features and difficulty in diagnosis, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. We report a patient with amelanotic melanoma, who underwent surgical treatment with sentinel lymph node biopsy using gamma probe. Methods: A 32-year-old female was presented with a slowly growing ill-defined, hypopigmented nonerythematous lesion with nail defect on right index finger tip. Preoperative punch biopsy was performed, showing an amelanotic melanoma. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was done using gamma probe(Crystal probe system, CRYSTAL PHOTONICS GmbH, Germany) and confirmed no evidence of regional lymph node metastases. The patient underwent amputation at the proximal interphalangeal joint. Results: Histopathologic findings showed superficial spreading melanoma. There were no melanin pigments in Hematoxylin & Eosin stain but positive immunohistochemical stainings for S-100 protein and Hmb45, which were consistent with amelanotic melanoma. Patient's postoperative course was uneventful without any complication and had no evidence of recurrence of tumor in 6 months follow-up period. Conclusion: Amelanotic melanoma is extremely rare subtype of malignant melanoma with histopathologic findings of atypical melanocytes without melanin pigments. Early detection is crucial since survival is strongly related to tumor thickness and tissue invasion at the time of diagnosis. Wide excision is the treatment of choice and other conjunctive therapy has not been successful.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the surface roughness of the Cerec Vita Mark II polished by various polishing techniques, compare with that of the Vintage enamel porcelain glazed by high temperature glazing technique. All of the Cerec specimen were finished with sequential use of high speed diamond burs(grit 45, 30 and $15{\mu}m$). The groups were divided into 5 groups : Group I : Cerec Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Sof-lex discs. Group II : Cerce Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Two Striper MPS. Group III : Cerce Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Enhance. Group IV : Cerce Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Porcelain laminate polishing FG kit. Group V : Vintage enamel porcelain glazed by high temperature glazing Technique. Each group was consisted of 10 specimens. The surfaces produced were examined quantitatively using a laser specular reflectance machine(Perthen RM600-s, Feinpruf Perthen GmbH., Germany) and qualitatively under SEM(JSM-5400, JEOL, Japan). The Results were as follows : 1. The arithmetic mean roughness value(Ra) in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 was higher than that of group5. There was statistically significant difference(P<0.05). 2. The arithmetic mean roughness value(Ra) decreased in the following orders : group 1, group 2, group 4, group 3 and there was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2, group 3, and group 4. There was statistically significant difference among group 1, 2, and group 3, 4 and group 5(P<0.05). 3. The maximum individual peak-to-valley-height(Rmax) decreased in the following orders : group 2, group 1, group 4, group 3, group 5 and there was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and 2, group 1 and group 4, group 3 and group 5. There was statistically significant difference among group 1, 2, and group 1, 4 and group 3, 5(P<0.05). 4. The treated surfaces of group 5 had smoother surface than that of groups 1, 2, 3, 4 with SEM.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2006

In this paper, the adhesion characteristics between a fused silica without or with an anti-sticking layer and a thermoplastic polymer film used in thermal NIL were investigated experimentally in order to identify the release performance of the anti-sticking layer. The anti-sticking layers were derived from fluoroalkylsilanes, (1H, 1 H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl)trichlorosilane ($F_{13}-OTS$) and (3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyl)trichlorosilane (FPTS), and coated on the silica surface in vapor phase. The commercial polymers, mr-I 7020 and 8020 (micro resist technology, GmbH), for thermal NIL were spin-coated on Si substrate with a rectangular island which was fabricated by conventional microfabrication process to achieve small contact area and easy alignment of flat contact sur- faces. Experimental conditions were similar to the process conditions of thermal NIL. When the polymer film on the island was separated from the silica surface after imprint process, the adhesion force between the silica surface and the polymer film was measured and the surfaces of the silica and the polymer film after the separation were observed. As a result, the anti-sticking layers remarkably reduced the adhesion force and the surface damage of polymer film and the chain length of silane affects the adhesion characteristics. The anti-sticking layers derived from FPTS and $F_{13}-OTS$ reduced the adhesion force per unit area to 38% and 16% of the silica sur-faces without an anti-sticking layer, respectively. The anti-sticking layer derived from $F_{13}-OTS$ was more effective to reduce the adhesion, while both of the anti-sticking layers prevented the surface damages of the polymer film. Finally, it is also found that the adhesion characteristics of mr-I 7020 and mr-I 8020 polymer films were similar with each other.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2007년도 제32회 펄프종이기술 국제세미나
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• pp.33-55
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• 2007

This article portrays special cellulose fibers, which are designed to be a functional additive and a carrier for papermaking chemicals. The first part of the presentation deals with the micronized $ARBOCEL^{(R)}$ cellulose fibers, which are used as a functional paper/paperboard additive. In particular as a bulk and speed aid. The detailed description of the micronized $ARBOCEL^{(R)}$ fibers, their function and effects on papermaking process and paper products are given. The second part of the study describes the concept of fiber-based papermaking chemicals. A new generation of fiber-based papermaking chemicals were presented for the first time at the PTS Pulp Technology Symposium 2005, and then several articles were published in various magazine in Asia ("Paper Asia"), the US ("Pulp & Paper"). and Europe ("Wochenblatt fuel Papierfabrikation"). The information generated quite an interest in the paper industry. Extensive studies of these papermaking additives have been made recently, new information obtained, and the compounds have gained more recognition in the industry. The company J. Rettenmaier und Soehne developed a group of fiber-based papermaking additives. They include combination of fibers with sizing agents, starch, fluorochemicals, minerals, biocides and some others. This article presents in-depth study of the AKD modified micronized cellulose as an example of the fiber-based papermaking chemicals concept. The material of the present paper is based mostly on the results of the pilot paper machine study at the Paper Research Institute PTS (Heidenau, Germany), and includes case studies from the mills, which used $ARBOCELPLUS^{(R)}-AKD$ compounds. It should be noted that the $ARBOCELPLUS^{(R)}$ compounds were not designed to replace traditional additives in paper industry. They should rather be used in those areas, where application of "normal" chemicals is especially problematic

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2008

새로운 고품질의 전통주 개발을 위한 자료를 얻고자 시판 전통주들을 수집하여 이들의 물리화학적 성질과 항치매활성, 심혈관질환활성 및 노화억제활성등을 조사하였다. 수집된 45종의 전통주들의 에탄을 함량은 $7.0%{\sim}52.0%$로 다양하였고 pH는 $3.05{\sim}5.28$이었으며 SBB-ju 전통주가 비교적높은 1.37%의 총산을 함유하고 있었다. 항치매성 $\beta$-secretase 저해활성은 PMR-ju가 42.5%로 제일 높았으나 acetylcholinesterase와 butyrylcholinesterase 저해활성은 없거나 20% 미만의 낮은 활성을 보였다. 항고혈압성 ACE저해활성은 YON-ju가 85.6%로 조사한 모든 생리기능성 중 가장 우수하였으나 혈전용해활성은 없었다. 항노화성 전자공여능은 SBB-ju(A)가 72.2%을 보여 높았으나 SOD 유사활성과 혈전용해활성등은 매우 낮거나 없었다. 최종 항고혈압활성 우수 기능성 주류로 선발된 YON-ju의 주, 부원료 추출물들의 항고혈압 활성을 조사한 결과 인삼의 물과 에탄을 추출물, 멥쌀의 물추출물 및 국화의 에탄올추출물에서 항고혈압활성이 높은것으로 보아 발효중에 이들로부터 항고혈압성 ACE 저해물질이 용출되거나 이들의 분해산물들이 YON-ju의 항고혈압 활성을 상승시킨 것으로 사료 되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1506-1515
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• 2008

Two feeding trials were conducted to assess the relative bioavailability (RBV) of methionine hydroxy analogue calcium salt (MHA-Ca) in comparison to DL-methionine (DL-Met). Male Ross 308 (1-38 days) and Cobb 500 chickens (1-42 days) were used in studies 1 and 2, respectively. Experimental diets based on wheat and soybean meal or sorghum and soybean meal were fed during three phases. In both experiments graded levels of DL-Met and MHA-Ca were supplemented to Met+Cys deficient basal diets. Additionally, in experiment 1, increasing levels of a DL-Met preparation diluted with corn starch to 65% purity (DL-Met65) were supplemented. Birds were kept in floor pens and feed and water were available ad libitum. Body weights and feed consumption were recorded at the beginning and end of the experimental periods and weight gain and feed efficacy were computed subsequently. At the end of the experiments, a number of birds were slaughtered for carcass evaluation (dressing percentage, breast meat yield). Dose response data were analysed by both ANOVA and nonlinear common plateau asymptotic regression. In both experiments birds responded significantly to increasing levels of either methionine source. However, RBV of MHA-Ca compared to DL-Met was markedly (in many cases significantly) below 84%, the value which would have been expected from MHA-Ca's chemical characteristics. Excluding some extremely low RBV figures of trial 2, RBV of MHA-Ca averaged to about 63% in relation to DL-Met. In addition, supplementation of DL-Met65 allowed confirmation of nonlinear common plateau asymptotic regression to be suitable to determine RBV.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1827-1834
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• 2015

The SMG1 lipase from Malassezia globosa is a newly found mono- and diacylglycerol (DAG) lipase that has a unique lid in the loop conformation that differs from the common alpha-helix lid. In the present study, we characterized the contribution of three residues, L103 and F104 in the lid and F278 in the rim of the binding site groove, on the function of SMG1 lipase. Site-directed mutagenesis was conducted at these sites, and each of the mutants was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, purified, and characterized for their activity toward DAG and p-nitrophenol (pNP) ester. Compared with wild-type SMG1, F278A retained approximately 78% of its activity toward DAG, but only 11% activity toward pNP octanoate (pNP-C8). L103G increased its activity on pNP-C8 by approximately 2-fold, whereas F104G showed an approximate 40% decrease in pNP-C8 activity, and they both showed decreased activity on the DAG emulsion. The deletion of 103-104 retained approximately 30% of its activity toward the DAG emulsion, with an almost complete loss of pNP-C8 activity. The deletion of 103-104 showed a weaker penetration ability to a soybean phosphocholine monolayer than wild-type SMG1. Based on the modulation of the specificity and activity observed, a pNP-C8 binding model for the ester (pNP-C8, N102, and F278 form a flexible bridge) and a specific lipid-anchoring mechanism for DAG (L103 and F104 serve as "anchors" to the lipid interface) were proposed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different drinks on the color parameters of four different restorative materials. Materials and Methods: Three different composites (Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative, Filtek Ultimate Flowable, and Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE) and a polyacid-modified composite resin material (Dyract XP, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH) were evaluated. Eighty-four disc-shaped specimens of 8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were prepared (n = 21 each). Color coordinates ($L^*a^*b^*$, ${\Delta}L^*$, ${\Delta}a^*$, ${\Delta}b^*$, and ${\Delta}E^*$) were measured using a $V{\dot{I}}TA$ Easyshade Compact ($V{\dot{I}}TA$ Zahnfabrik) after 24 hr of storage (baseline) and after 30 day of storage in three different beverages of black tea, Coca cola, or water (control) (n = 7). In each beverage, the specimens were stored three times a day, one hr each, for 30 day. The color changes (${\Delta}E$) were calculated and were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn multiple comparison test. Results: The color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) of the resin materials ranged between 1.31 and 15.28 after 30 day of immersion in the staining solutions. Dyract XP in Coca cola ($15.28{\pm}2.61$) and black tea ($12.22{\pm}2.73$) showed the highest mean ${\Delta}E^*$ value after 30 day, followed by Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative ($5.99{\pm}1.25$) and Filtek Ultimate Flowable ($4.71{\pm}1.40$) in black tea (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The compomers displayed unacceptable color changes at the end of 30 day in all beverages. Among resin composites, the silorane based composite exhibited relatively good color stability than the others. Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative and Filtek Flowable showed similar color changes in all beverages.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2005

장려뽕 16 품종에 대한 뽕잎과 오디의 항산화능을 시기별로 채취하여 비교분석 하였다. 항산화능 측정장치(munilum L-100, ABCD GmbH) 및 ARAW-KIT(antiradical ability of water-soluble substance)를 사용하였으며, ascorbic acid를 표준물질로 사용하여 calibration curve를 작성하였다. 시료의 항산화능과 분석에 소요되는 전처리 시간을 고려하여 80% MeOH, 30 sec. vortex mixing 방법을 기준 전처리 방법으로 하였다. 16품종 전체의 뽕잎에 대한 항산화능을 분석한 결과 5개엽기의 어린 뽕잎의 항산화능은 3303.4 nmol로 높았으며, 오디가 착색되기 직전 3708.0 nmol으로 최대 값을 나타낸 후 시기가 경과함에 따라 점차 감소 및 하벌 후 점차 증가 하다가 뽕잎이 경화되기 직전 춘기 어린 잎 정도의 항산화능을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 항산화능이 높은 뽕잎을 이용하기 위해서는 5월 하순에 채취하는 것이 수율도 높아 경제성이 있을 것으로 판단되며, 생과 또는 가공식품의 원료로 사용하기 위해 오디를 수확한 후 남은 뽕잎의 이용도 충분히 가능하므로 이를 활용하기 위해서는 하벌 전에 뽕잎의 수확 작업이 이루어지도록 해야 할 것이다. 뽕잎 수확 후 저장하는 방법보다 시기에 따른 뽕잎 자체의 성숙 정도가 뽕잎의 항산화능을 결정하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the commercial paste opaque products currently available in domestic of foreign as well as domestic, such as Duceram Plus(DU; Ducera Dental GmbH, Germany), VMK 95(VM; Vita Co., Germany), Noritake EX-3(EX; Noritake Co., Japan) and Ceramax(CE; Alphadent Co., Korea). They were characterized in thermal expansion coefficient, particle size distribution, viscosity and solvent using thermomechanical analyzer, particle size analyzer, rheometer and infrared spectrophotometer. Experimental results are as follows; Firstly, thermal expansion coefficients were determined $13.9{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for DU, $14.3{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for VM, $13.3{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for EX, and $14.0{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for CE. Secondly, percent of partice size below $1{\mu}m$ were 12% for DU, VM and CE, and 13% for EX, percent between $1{\mu}m$ and $5{\mu}m$ were 42% for DU, 42% for VM, 38% for EX, and 61 % for CE, percent between $5{\mu}m$ and $10{\mu}m$ were 21 % for DU, 24% for VM, 20% for EX, and 18% for CE, and over $10{\mu}m$ were 25% for DU, 22% for VM, 29% for EX, 9% for CE. Thirdly, the basic composition of the solvent in all of the commercial paste opaques were determined as ethylene glycol from FT-IR investigation. Lastly, measured viscosities were 1798 cp for DU, 536 cp for VM, 1110 cp for EX, and 721 cp for CE.