• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 2016

ALD1 (ABERRANT GROWTH AND DEATH2 [AGD2]-LIKE DEFENSE1) is one of the key defense regulators in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. In these model plants, ALD1 is responsible for triggering basal defense response and systemic resistance against bacterial infection. As well ALD1 is involved in the production of pipecolic acid and an unidentified compound(s) for systemic resistance and priming syndrome, respectively. These previous studies proposed that ALD1 is a potential candidate for developing genetically modified (GM) plants that may be resistant to pathogen infection. Here we introduce a role of ALD1-LIKE gene of Oryza sativa, named as OsALD1, during plant immunity. OsALD1 mRNA was strongly transcribed in the infected leaves of rice plants by Magnaporthe oryzae, the rice blast fungus. OsALD1 proteins predominantly localized at the chloroplast in the plant cells. GM rice plants over-expressing OsALD1 were resistant to the fungal infection. The stable expression of OsALD1 also triggered strong mRNA expression of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN1 genes in the leaves of rice plants during infection. Taken together, we conclude that OsALD1 plays a role in disease resistance response of rice against the infection with rice blast fungus.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제81권2호
• /
• pp.219-230
• /
• 2022

Due to the large number of railway bridges along China's high-speed railway (HSR) lines, which cover a wide area with many lines crossing the seismic zone, the possibility of a HSR train running over a bridge when an earthquake occurs is relatively high. Since the safety performance of the train will be threatened, it is necessary to study the safety of trains running over HSR bridges during earthquakes. However, ground motion (GM) is highly random and selecting the appropriate ground-motion intensity measures (IMs) for train running safety analysis is not trivial. To deal this problem, a model of a coupled train-bridge system under seismic excitation was established and 104 GM samples were selected to evaluate the correlation between 16 different IMs and train running safety over HSR bridges during earthquakes. The results show that spectral velocity (SvT₁) and displacement (SdT₁) at the fundamental period of the structure have good correlation with train running safety for medium-and long-period HSR bridges, and velocity spectrum intensity (VSI) and Housner intensity (HI) have good correlation for a wide range of structural periods. Overall, VSI and HI are the optimal IMs for safety analysis of trains running over HSR bridges during earthquakes. Finally, based on VSI and HI, the IM thresholds of an HSR bridge at different speed were analyzed.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2023년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.206-207
• /
• 2023

지능형 해상교통정보서비스는 해상교통 안전을 위한 서비스들을 제공하고 있지만, 선박들의 제원과 적재량 차이로 인해 선박 복원력 이상 판단 방법은 일반화하지 못하였다. 이번 연구에서는 선박 복원성 계산을 위한 경사계 및 GPS 데이터의 수집, 가공 방법을 정립하였다. 또한 실 해역의 기상요인을 반영하지 못하는 근사적 GM 계산에서 벗어나, 각기 선박 특성 및 외력을 반영할 수 있는 데이터 과학 알고리즘을 통해 선박 운항 상태를 실시간 판별할 수 있는 모델을 연구하였다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.172-181
• /
• 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) with collagen matrix (CM) for increasing gingival thickness. Materials and Methods: In five mongrel dogs, bilateral gingival defects were surgically made on the maxillary canines. After two months, either a subepithelial connective tissue graft (group SCTG) or CM with EGF (0.1 ug/ml, group EGF) was grafted, and the flap was coronally positioned to cover the graft materials. The animals were sacrificed after three months. Intraoral scanning was performed for soft tissue analysis. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Result: Two animals exhibited wound dehiscence during the healing phase, leaving three for analysis. No statistically significant difference was found in soft tissue changes (P>0.05). The level of gingival margin (GM) increased in both groups (1.02±0.74 mm in group SCTG vs. 1.24±0.83 mm in group EGF). Linear increases at the GM pre-augmentation in the soft tissue profile were 1.08±0.58 mm in group SCTG and 0.96±0.73 mm in group EGF. Histomorphometric parameters (keratinized tissue height, tissue thickness, and rete peg density) were not significantly different between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: EGF loaded onto CM led to comparable gingival phenotype enhancement to SCTG.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.46-58
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate intestinal immune system activation and anti-metastatic effect on cancer cells by orally administered extracts of Boyanghwano-tang. Methods: To observe immunomodulating effects of Boyanghwano-tang on Peyer's patch cells, we measured cytokines GM-CSF, IL-4. In addition to observing effects of Boyanghwano-tang on hematopoiesis, we measured proliferation of bone marrow cells mediated by Peyer's patch cells in vitro. IgA induction activated in intestinal content and serum was measured to observe the effect of orally administered Boyanghwano-tang on mucosal immune system. After administering ovalbumin (OVA) with Boyanghwano-tang, Proliferation of Peyer's patch cell was measured to investigate gut immunostimulatory effect. Anti-metastatic experiments were conducted in vivo mouse model by using colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cell. Results: The amounts of GM-CSF and IL-4 in the culture supernatant of Peyer's patch cells were significantly increased compared to the control group. The proliferation of bone marrow cell was significantly up-regualted with Boyanghwano-tang. These results indicate that oral administration of Boyanghwano-tang enhances the secretion of hematopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF and IL-4 from Peyer's patch cells, and these cytokines also act on modulator of bone marrow cell proliferation. After orally administering OVA with Boyanghwano-tang, IgA induction and Proliferation of peyer's patch cell was up-regulated with Boyanghwano-tang. These results means orally administered Boyanghwano-tang activates intestinal immune system and has an inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis. In addition, We found that orally administered Boyanghwano-tang significantly inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo. Conclusions: Orally administered Boyanghwano-tang appears to have considerable activity on the anti-metastasis by activation of immune system.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.34-45
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate intestinal immune system activation and antimetastatic effect of Ojeok-san on cancer cells by oral administration. Methods: Cell viability of Ojeok-san was tested with colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cells and Peyer's patch cells in vitro. Antimetastatic experiments were conducted in vivo mouse model by using colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cell. To observe immunomodulating effects of Ojeok-san on Peyer's patch cells, we measured interleukin (IL)-4, GM-CSF. In addition to observing effects of Ojeok-san on hematopoiesis, we measured proliferation of bone marrow cells mediated by Peyer's patch cells in vitro. IgA induction activated in serum and intestinal content was measured to observe the effect of orally administered Ojeok-san on mucosal immune system. After administering Ovalbumin (OVA) with Ojeok-san, Proliferation of Peyer's patch cell was measured to investigate gut immunostimulatory effect. Results: in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, the inhibitory concentration $(IC)_{50}$ of the colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cell was $890{\mu}g/ml$. $IC_{50}$ of the Peyer's patch cells with LPS was $990{\mu}g/ml$. We found that orally administered Ojeok-san significantly inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo. In addition, the amounts of IL-4 and GM-CSF in the culture supernatant of Peyer's patch cells were significantly increased compared to the control group. The proliferation of bone marrow cell was significantly up-regulated with Ojeok-san. These results indicate that oral administration of Ojeok-san enhances the secretion of hematopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF and IL-4 from Peyer's patch cells, and these cytokines also act on modulator of bone marrow cell proliferation. After orally administering Ovalbumin (OVA) with Ojeok-san, IgA induction and Proliferation of peyer's patch cell was up-regulated with Ojeok-san. These results means orally administered Ojeok-san activates intestinal immune system and has an inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis. Conclusions: Orally administered Ojeok-san appears to have considerable activity on the anti-metastasis by activation of immune system.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.341-348
• /
• 1996

저자는 마찰견인법으로 상악견치 후방견인시 저항원상실을 최소화하기 위해 근심 경사된 구치를 직립시키는 Molar Uprighting Spring의 작용기전을 응용하고 마찰견인법의 장점을 이용하여 임상적으로 사용이 용이하며 저항원상실이나 견치의 조절되지 못한 경사이동(uncontrolled tipping)등의 부작용을 최소화 할 수 있는 장치인 Molar Anchoring Spring(MAS)을 고안하였다. MAS를 임상에 적용한 결과 비교적 만족스러운 결과를 얻어 이에 장치를 소개하며 MAS의 저항원 조절능력과 견치의 이동양상을 평가하기 위하여 광탄성 모형을 제작한 후 주호선에 diameter 0.009" lumen size 0.030" NiTi closed coil spring만을 장착하여 250gm의 견인력이 발생하도록 한 경우와, 같은 NiTi closed coil spring으로 동일한 견인력 이 발생하도록 하고 .017" X .025" TMA wire로 $60^{\circ}$의 tip-back bend를 부여하여 수직교정력이 60-70gm이 되도록 제작한 MAS를 제1대구치 auxiliary tube에 삽입하고 견치 전방에 걸어준 경우를 비교실험 하여 견치견인시 초기응력분포를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 주호선(main arch wire)에 저항원 조절을 위한 조치없이 견치에 수평견인력만을 가했을 때 구치부에 심한 저항원상실은 물론 견치의 원심이동양상도 조절되지 못한 경사이동(uncontrolled tipping)으로 나타났다. 2. 구치부의 저항원 조절을 위해 사용한 MAS는 견치의 원심이동 초기에 구치부 저항원 조절효과와 견치의 정출없는 조절된 경사이동(controlled tipping)을 유도할 수 있는 장치로 나타났다.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.217-245
• /
• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 소셜 미디어에서 추출된 7개의 감성 도메인이 기업의 성과에 대한 영향 분석실험을 위한 데이터로서 적합한 지에 대해 신뢰성을 확인하고, 실제 고객감성이 자동차 시장점유율에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 대하여 확인하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구는 총 3단계 구성으로서, 단계 1은 감성사전 구축 단계로서 미국 내 26개의 자동차 제조 회사의 고객의 소리 (VOC: Voice of Customer) 총 45,447개를 자동차 커뮤니티로부터 crawling하여 POS 정보 추출 후 감성사전을 구축하였고, 7개의 감성도메인을 만들었다. 단계 2는 신뢰성분석의 단계로서 자기상관관계분석과 주성분 분석 (PCA)을 통해 데이터의 실험 적합성을 검증하였다. 단계 3에서는 PCA를 근거로 2개의 선형회귀분석 모델을 구축하였고 GM, FCA, VOLKSWAGEN 등 3개의 기업을 선정, 2013년부터 2015년까지 7개 감성영역의 자동차 시장점유율에 대한 영향을 실험하였다. 실험 결과, 자기상관관계분석에 의해서 감성 데이터에 자기상관성과 시계열적 패턴이 관찰되었다. PCA 결과, 감성영역이 부정성, 긍정성, 중립성을 주성분으로 연결되어 있음이 확인되었다. VOC 감성 데이터에 대한 신뢰성을 바탕으로 한 2개 Model의 선형회귀분석 결과, 기업마다 시장점유율에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 감성들이 존재하며 Model 1과, 2의 감성영향력이 차이가 있고 중립성의 영향을 발견하였다. 본 연구를 통해, 데이터 상에 나타난 정보를 가진 감성이 과거 값에 기초하여 자동차 시장에서 변화를 수반할 수 있다는 것을 나타내고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 우리가 시장 데이터의 가용성을 적용하려고 할 때, 자동차 시장 관련 정보나 감성의 자기상관성을 잘 활용할 수 있다면, 감정 분석에 대한 연구에 큰 기여를 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 실제 시장에서의 비지니스 성과에도 다양한 방법으로 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.44-52
• /
• 2004

Background: As a potent antigen presenting cell and a powerful inducer of antigen specific immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are being considered as a promising anti-tumor therapeutic module. The expected therapeutic effect of DCs in renal cell carcinoma was tested in the mouse model. Established late-stage tumor therapeutic (E-T) and minimal residual disease (MRD) model was considered in the in vivo experiments. Methods: Syngeneic renal cell carcinoma cells (RENCA) were inoculated either subcutaneously (E-T) or intravenously (MRD) into the Balb/c mouse. Tumor cell lysate pulsed-DCs were injected twice in two weeks. Intraperitoneal DC injection was started 3 week (E-T model) or one day (MRD model) after tumor cell inoculation. Two weeks after the final DC injection, the tumor growth and the systemic immunity were observed. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days and pulsed with RENCA cell lysate for 18 hrs. Results: Compared to the saline treated group, tumor growth (E-T model) or formation (MRD model) was suppressed in pulsed-DC treated group. RENCA specific lymphocyte proliferation was observed in the RENCA tumor-bearing mice treated with pulsed-DCs. Primary cytotoxic T cell activity against RENCA cells was increased in pulsed-DC treated group. Conclusion: The data suggest the possible anti-tumor effect of cultured DCs in established or minimal residual disease/metastasis state of renal cell carcinoma. Systemic tumor specific immunity including cytotoxic T cell activity was modulated also in pulsed-DC treated group.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.388-395
• /
• 2016

Electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid EVs (HEV) are designed and manufactured by GM, Toyota, Honda, and Hyundai motors. The propulsion system design process for EV requires integrating subsystem designs into an overall system model to maximize the performance of a given propulsion architecture. Therefore, high-power density and high-torque density are important attributes required for EV applications. To improve torque and power density, propulsion motors are designed for saturation during high-torque operation. The nonlinearity associated with core saturation is modeled by incorporating the cross-coupling inductances, which also behave nonlinearly. Furthermore, in EV environments, the battery is directly connected to the DC link, and the battery changes depending on the state of charge. It will be onerous if as many optimal current commands as different $V_{dc}$ were made. This paper presents the optimal current commands in the various operating condition and the current control technique in EV environments.