• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.33.1-33.7
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• 2023

Background: Laminitis is a complex and debilitating disease of horses. Numerous predisposing factors contribute to laminitis development, however the exact pathogenesis remains undetermined. Serum T4, cortisol, and histamine are components of the innate stress response and could play a causative or contributory role. Stress hormone concentrations in laminitis are largely unknown. Objective: To evaluate parameters associated with stress response in horses with laminitis, and compare these to healthy horses and horses with gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Methods: Thirty-eight adult horses presenting for non-medical conditions, GI abnormalities, or clinical laminitis were prospectively enrolled. Horses were assigned to the appropriate disease group (healthy, GI disease, and laminitis) and had blood drawn on presentation to the hospital. Samples were analyzed for plasma endogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (eACTH), serum cortisol, serum thyroid hormone, and plasma histamine. Results: Stress hormone concentrations were significantly different between horses in the laminitis and GI disease groups. Plasma histamine levels were highest in horses with laminitis, compared with GI disease and controls. Both horses with laminitis and GI disease had increased plasma eACTH when compared to healthy horses. Horses with GI disease had higher serum cortisol concentrations than horses with laminitis or controls. Serum T4 was lower in horses with GI disease than in horses with laminitis and controls. Conclusions: Horses with laminitis had relative increases in both plasma histamine and eACTH concentrations. Serum T4 and cortisol concentrations of horses with laminitis did not differ significantly when compared to healthy horses. The role of stress hormones in equine disease warrants further investigation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.122-131
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• 2009

Background and Objective : Keo-Bu-Saeng-Gi(去腐生肌) is the word meaning wound healing process of the skin disease. This study introduces the theory of Keo-Bu-Saeng-Gi that can be used for not only skin disease but also for rejuvenation, beauty care. Methods : We searched oriental literatures and reports related with Keo-Bu-Saeng-Gi(去腐生肌). Result and Conclusions : Many oriental literatures refered to Keo-Bu-Saeng-Gi(去腐生肌) as a wound healing mechanism of the skin disease. Wound healing is very important for skin disease and rejuvenation. We can use this theory of Keo-Bu-Saeng-Gi(去腐生肌) for skin care.

• Journal of Bone Metabolism
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.213-217
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• 2018

Patients with gastrointestinal disease (GI) are at risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis, which can lead to fractures. Although these patients may be at risk from a young age, gastroenterologists often overlook this fact in practice. There are well-known GI diseases associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis, such as the post-gastrectomy state, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and celiac disease. As there is an increase in the prevalence of IBD patients, newly diagnosed celiac disease in adulthood, and gastric cancer survivors following gastrectomy, bone disease in these patients becomes an important issue. Here, we have discussed osteoporosis and fractures in GI disease, especially in the postgastrectomy state, IBD, and celiac disease. Although the pathogenesis of bone loss in each disease has not been fully identified, we have confirmed that the prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in each of these diseases is high. There are scarce studies comparing the prevalence of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures in GI disease patients with studies in postmenopausal women, and specific guidelines for their management in each disease have not been established. Intensive surveillance and management are needed to ensure that these patients attain peak bone mass for age and sex to prevent fractures.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2019

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, where treatment with medication may lead to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The objective of this case study was to investigate the effectiveness of Korean medicine (KM) in treating PD with drug-induced GI dysfunction. A 70-year-old female participant was diagnosed with PD in 2010 and drug-induced gastritis in 2016. Her major symptoms were related to GI, PD, and overall feeling of weakness. She was treated with KM including pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicines, in combination with Western medicines during 46 days of in-patient care. This study showed an improvement in symptoms and scores on the GI symptom scale, Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale, Hoehn and Yahr staging, Berg balance scale, PD quality of life, and stress index at discharge. This case demonstrated that the symptoms of drug-induced GI dysfunctions in PD was improved by treatment with KM.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.126-133
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• 2001

Peumonia is the infection of the lungs. Bronchopneumonia is the infection of the bronchus. But their symtoms are simillar. I took care of a patient in bronchopneumonia. And then I reviewed Haemophilus influenzae and Soeumin's cough through west-east medicine books. Cough is divided with the outter disease and the inner disease on the pathology of the Korean Medicine(Sansang Constitutional Medicine). And the outter disease is divided with the outter symptom and the inner symptom. The inner disease is divided too. I wanted to discuss Soeumin's cough is the outter symptom of the outter disease and the inner disease. Finally the outter symptom of the outter disease must be applied with the thrapeutic method of the removal wind-cold and the elevation of YangGi in Soeumin's cough. And the outter symptom of the inner disease must be applied with the thrapeutic method of the heating AbdominalGi and the going down of EumGi in Soeumin's cough.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2014

We present a case of a 13-year-old boy with Gorham's disease involving the thoracic and lumbar spine, femur, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which was complicated by recurrent chylothorax and GI bleeding. The presenting symptoms were intermittent abdominal pain, back pain, and melena. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy showed no abnormal lesions, but duodenal biopsy showed marked dilation of the lymphatics in the mucosa and submucosa, which revealed positive staining with a D2-40 immunohistochemical marker. In cases of GI bleeding with osteolysis, the expression of a D2-40 marker in the lymphatic endothelium of the GI tract may help to diagnose GI involvement in Gorham's disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report to pathologically demonstrate intestinal lymphatic malformation as a cause of GI bleeding in Gorham's disease.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.371-378
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• 1999

Through the thought of etiology and pathogenesis of convulsion disease in past document, we concluded as follow. 1. Convusion disease brings about some symptoms such as myotonia, neck stiffness, myospasm of four limbs, and in the ancient times it was called in Gye-Jong, Chu-Pung(抽風), Chi. 2. Etiologies of convulsion disease are external invasion of Pung-Han-Seub(風寒濕) and Ybul-Sa(熱邪), mistreatment, great loss of blood, deficiency of Gi-Hyul(氣血), stagnation of phlegm and blood. 3. There are four pathologic cases which arise convulsion disease. They are muscular denutrition from meridian stagnation by external invasion, muscular denutrition of heat injury, stagnation of phlegm and thrombus in meridian, muscular denutrition with deficiency of Gi-Hyul(氣血). 4. The treatment methods of convulsion disease are divided into three. If caused by external invasion, the methods are San-Han-Hae-Gi(散寒解肌), Hwa-Yung-Jo-Joong(和營調中). If caused by deficiency of Gi-Hyul(氣血), the method is Bo-Gi-Ik-Hyul(補氣益血). If caused by stagnation of phlegm and blood, the methods are Hwal-Hyul-So-Eo(活血消瘀), Do-Dam-Gun-Bi(導痰健脾).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.152-164
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• 1994

In Nai-Gyung(內經), it is said that In-Yeong(人迎) means In- Yeong Maek(人迎脈), Gi-Gu m- eans Tson-Gu(寸口) or Maek- Gu(脈口), In-yeong, artery in the side of neck, is located before Yeong-Geun(瓔筋), called as Jok-Yang-Myung-Maek(足陽明脈),so the part of In-Yeong-Maek means In-Yeong-Hyul(人迎穴) of Jok-Yang-Myung- Wi-Gyung(足陽明胃經) showing the artery in the side of neck. The part of Tson-Gu-Maek is that of artery in Yo-Gol(橈骨), beating source of Soo-Tae-Eum-Maek (手太陰脈) Of In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek, In-Yeong-Maek mainly consists of Yang(陽), Gi-Gu-Maek of Eum(陰), so In-Yeung means physical disease, short of extra Eum component. They said that if In-Yeong-Maek was more than Gi-Gu-Maek, it meant physical injury, while Gi-Gu-Maek was more than In- Yeo-ng-Maek, it meant internal injury. In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek is the one to distinguish the external and internal, the inside and outside, Eum and Yang, but there is no definite classification method to distinguish it, also it is difficult to grasp the comparison of 1sung(1盛), 2sung(2盛), 3sung(3盛), interrelation with 12-Gyung-Rak(l2經絡), change of maek phases, so necessary to set up the clear definition for In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek. For the two theories as to In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek according to Nai-Gyung, the one is to diagnose the maek by comparing the In-Yeong-Hyul with Tson-Gu of Soo-Tae-Eum-Maek as Gi-Gu in the both sides of neck part, he other is to divide the left and right of Gi-Gu-Maek in to In-Yeong and Gi-Gu afterwards, but today it is difficult to compare and explain the medical theory afterwards owing to insufficient consideration of In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek at Nai-Gyung. The diagnosis of In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek at Nai-Gyung to distinguish the surplus and shortage of Eum and Yang up to now since Nai-Gyung has so important and diagnostic value as to grasp the exact meaning. Herewith, this researcher com-pared Nai-Gyung and medical theory afterwards, reported it to consider the fixed position and changing process of viscera and entrails arrangement of literatures introducing In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek, examining the change of maek phases for normal maek and a-bnormal maek of In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek, considering the 1 sung, 2 sung, 3 sung maek phases in In-Yeong-Gi- Gu-Maek. According to the above results, the conclusion was reached as follows. 1. In-Yeong as the outside indicates external disease(外感), showing the surplus and shortage of Yang symptom by having Boo-Maek(浮脈) as Py-ung-Maek(平脈), Gi-Gu as the inside indicates internal disease(內傷), showing the surplus and shortage of Eum symptom by having Chim-Maek(沈脈) as P-yung-Maek(平脈). 2. In Pyung-Maek of In- Yeong-Maek as Boo-Maek, g-radual sinking of more floated changing maek because of disease means the improvement of di-sease, in Pyung-Maek of Gi- Gu-Maek as Chim- Maek, gradual floating of more sunken changing maek because of disease means the improvement of disease. 3. They said that disease of Jok-Gyung-Rak(足經絡) is cha-nged to that of Soo-Kyung-Rak(手經絡) when Jo-Maek(躁脈) appears whether In-Yeong-Maek or Gi-Gu-Maek 4. With the exemples of 1 sung 2 sung 3 sung it was porned with the relation of Pyo-Ri-Soo-Jok(表裏手足). Therfore I can guess that this fact is a moment explained the Bu-You-Sa-Kyung(部有四經) mentioned in Nan-Gyung-18-Nan(難經 第18難). 5. I think that In-Yeong and Gi-Gu, as a diagnosis method which distinguish between the inside indicates internal disease and the outside indicates external disease, is required to study further researches.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.191-197
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• 2007

Gak-gi-byung in Korean Medicine have many things in common with Beriberi disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Transverse myelitis and Cauda equina syndrome. Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam define Gak-gi-byung as syndrome that includes sudden lower limbs weakness, pain and edema. Gak-gi-byung start from the foregoing symptoms and could progress to general digestive, neurological or respiratory symptoms is found on many medical practitioners. In this case, we described a 60-years old man diagnosed as Gak-gi-byung in Korean Medicine. He complained Rt lower limb weakness, Rt Knee Clumsiness and limitation of his Rt knee & ankle motor. And his condition was improved through Korean Medical treatment such as acupuncture and herbal medicine like 'Chung-yul-sa-seup-tang' about 15 days.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.326-339
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• 2009

Objective : The studies on liver effect in administration of western medicine have been well-established so far, but the studies on liver effect in administration or herbal medicine haven't been made. To make things worse, people who have liver disease generally believe that taking a herbal medicine is not useful to take care or their disease and even think it can cause liver disease. But this belief is not verified at all. So we feel the need to study about how taking herbal medicine affect to liver injury patient. Methods : We chose the 4 patient who seems to have the liver injury on the index of liver function test and we administrate the herbal medicine and after several day or weeks we recheck the liver function test. Results : Through the this method, we find the positive effect of taking herbal medicine on the patients who have the liver disease. Conclusions : Our results give no evidence that herbal medicine is harmful for liver disease. We need to study more about this.