• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2003

The effects of heat treatment on the physical and physical and physiological properties of wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) were examined. The applied heat treatments were autoclaved at $121^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr, boiled for 30 min, and microwaved at 680 W for 5 min. The water retention capacity (WRC) of the wax gourds was 9.43 g/g for the microwaved samples, 5.12 g/g for the boiled samples, 4.63 g/g for the raw samples, and 2.61 g/g for the autoclaved samples. Heat treatment caused to increase swelling by up to $4.4{\sim}7.8\;mL/g$. Calcium binding capacity of heat-treated wax gourd increased in the order of microwaved, boiled, raw, autoclaved samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SME) showed that autoclaving caused the most severe structural modifications, while microwave treatment produced the least modifications. The retarding effect on glucose and bile acid transport depended on the heat treatment. Only boiling showed the glucose retardation effect. Bile acid retardation effect increased in order of boiling (22.9%), autoclaving (17.1%), microwave treatment (14.3%), and raw wax gourd (8.6%). The cadmium retardation effect was significantly high in all samples.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2016.07a
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• pp.26-27
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 도로 급전 전기 자동차(RPEVs, Roadway Powered Electric Vehicles)의 좌우 허용편차를 증가시키기 위한 급 집전 코일 구조를 제안하였다. 급전 코일의 폭을 집전 코일 폭보다 좁게 비대칭 구조로 설계를 하여 넓은 좌우 허용편차를 달성하였으며 EMF(Electromagnetic Fields) 문제를 동시에 해결하였다. 급전 코일은 3cm의 좁은 폭을 가지는 S형 모듈을 사용하여 좌우허용편차를 최대 30cm까지 증가시켰으며, 집전 코일에는 디커플링 기술을 적용하여 좌우 허용편차를 기존 24cm에서 46cm로 약 두 배 향상시켰다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 1997

For the production of potent chitinolytic enzyme from bacteria, screening was carried out. Of 100 samples from soil, fresh water and sea water collected from the Kyung-gi area, 7 strains of chitinolytic bacteria were isolated. Among them, Aeromonas hydrophila 5-3K showed the highest chitinolytic activity. Culture conditions of Aeromonas hydrophila for the production of chitinolytic enzyme were inverstigated and lytic enzyme was fractionated by the use of ammonium sulfate and Sephadex G-100. Maximum production of chitinolytic enzyme was obtained at pH 7.0 and 30$\circ$C with chitin concentration between 0.2% and 1.0%. Conditions for the enzyme production were optimized including fermentor cultivation. The chitinolytic system of Aeromonas hydrophila 5-3K was composed of two enzymes, chitinase and chitobiase.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.271-289
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• 2012

Objectives : Ganoderma lucidum(Ganoderma or lingzhi, 靈芝) is a well-known oriental medical mushroom containing many bioactive compounds. The possible mechanisms involved in its effects on cancer cells remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities of the G. lucidum ethanol extract(GEE), in AGS human gastric cancer cells were investigated. Methods : It was found that exposure of AGS cells to GEE resulted in the growth inhibition in a dose and time dependent manner as measured by trypan blue count and MTT assay. The anti-proliferative effect of GEE treatment in AGS cells was associated with morphological changes and formation of apoptotic bodies, and the flow cytometry analysis confirmed that GEE treatment increased the populations of apoptotic-sub G1 phase. Growth inhibition and apoptosis of AGS cells by GEE were connected with a concentration and time-dependent up-regulation of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) expression. Results : The levels of XIAP and survivin expression, members of IAP family proteins, were gradually down-regulated by GEE treatment. However other members of IAP family proteins such as cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 remained unchanged in GEE-treated AGS cells. GEE treatment also induced the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and a concomitant degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) protein, a caspase-3 substrate protein. Additionally, GEE-induced apoptosis was associated with the inhibition of Akt activation in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and pre-treatment with LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt inhibitor, significantly increased GEE-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Conclusions : Therefore, G. lucidum has a strong potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing cancers such as gastric cancer cells.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 2010

Stromatal fruiting bodies of Cordyceps cardinalis were successfully produced in cereals. Brown rice, German millet and standard millet produced the longest-length of stromata, followed by Chinese pearl barley, Indian millet, black rice and standard barley. Oatmeal produced the shortest-length of fruiting bodies. Supplementation of pupa and larva to the grains resulted in a slightly enhanced production of fruiting bodies; pupa showing better production than larva. 50~60 g of brown rice and 10~20 g of pupa mixed with 50~60 mL of water in 1,000 mL polypropylene (PP) bottle was found to be optimum for fruiting body production. Liquid inoculation of 15~20 mL per PP bottle produced best fruiting bodies. The optimal temperature for the formation of fruiting bodies was $25^{\circ}C$, under conditions of continuous light. Few fruiting bodies were produced under the condition of complete darkness, and the fresh weight was considerable low, compared to that of light condition.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.565-571
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• 2010

To develop thermostable ethanol fermentative yeast strain for lignocellulosic simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, high ethanol producing yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CHY1012 and thermostable yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus CHY1703 were fused by protoplast fusion. The thermostable fusant, CHY1612 was identified as a Kluyveromyces marxianus by phenotypic and physiological characteristics, as well as molecular analysis based on the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (26S) rDNA gene and the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 + 2 regions. For lignocellulosic ethanol production, AFEX pretreated barley straw at $150^{\circ}C$ for 90 min was used in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using thermotolerant CHY1612. The SSF from 16% pretreated barley straw at $43^{\circ}C$ gave a saccharification ratio of 90.5%, a final ethanol concentration of 38.5 g/L, and a theoretical yield of 91.2%. These results show that K. marxianus CHY1612 has potential for lignocellulosic ethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with further development of process.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of aerobic exercise and a protein diet on serum lipid profiles, liver function, and immunoglobulin levels in rats. The subjects, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats, were grouped into an exercise with protein diet group (A, n=6), a protein diet group (B, n=6), an exercise group (C, n=6), and a control group (D, n=6). The exercise with protein group trained for 4 weeks (20-30 min/day, speed at 14~17 m/min) and was given a 40% protein diet for 4 weeks. The variables of serum lipid profiles, liver function, and immunoglobulin levels were measured in all of the subjects at the end of the 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. Serum TC and LDL-C levels were significantly decreased in the exercise with protein diet group compared to the other groups and serum HDL-C, GOP, and IgG were significantly higher than in the other groups. However, no significant differences were found for the IgA and IgM levels. In conclusion, aerobic exercise with a protein diet was effective in improving serum lipid profiles, liver function, and immunoglobulin.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2012

The estuarine Gobiidae $Tridentiger$ $trigonocephalus$, $Chasmichthys$ $dolichognathus$ and $Favonigobius$ $gymnauchen$ were exposed to various heavy metals. As a measure of acute toxicity, the 96h-$LC_{50}$ in the three species exposed to copper, lead, zinc and chromium was 740-990, 1,660-1,980, 6,180-8,490 and 8,830-11,296 ${\mu}gL^{-1}$, respectively. In order of toxicity, the heavy metals were ranked copper>lead>zinc>chromium. The Gobiidae $C.$ $dolichognathus$ was more sensitive to heavy metals than $T.$ $trigonocephalus$ and $F.$ $gymnauchen$.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1986

The studies were carried out to screen the optimum conditions for enzymatic degumming of raw silk yarn and silk fabric by use of Alkalase, a protease produced by Bacteria, comparing with Papain and Trypsin representing natural proteolytic enzymes. 1. The optimum temperature and acidity of degumming solution were 70$^{\circ}C$, pH 5-6 for Papain degumming, 40$^{\circ}C$, pH 8 for Trypsin and 50-60$^{\circ}C$ pH 8-9 for Alkalase. 2. By increasing the Alkalase concentration in the range of 0.6 to 1.0 gram per liter, the time for enzymatic degumming of silk yarn could be reduced by 40 minutes. 3. In degumming of silk yarn by Alkalase, the pretreatment of 95$^{\circ}C$, 10 minutes at 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution or posttreatent of 80$^{\circ}C$, 20 minutes at 2% (o.w.f.) sodium silicate solution improved the efficiency of enzymatic degumming, as compared to that of nontreatment. 4. The breaking strength, elongation and Lousiness results of enzymatically degummed silk yarn were apt to be improved more than those of soap-degummed one. 5. When the pretreatment of alkaline solution was done with over 20% of degumming ratio, the enzymatic degumming efficiency of both Havutae and Crepe de chine could be reached to the same level with those of soap-soda degummed. 6. As the pretreated silk fabric with 20% of degumming ratio was under action of three proteases, respectively, the deumming efficiency of Havutae and Crepe de chine were completed by Alkalase more than by Papain or Trpysin. 7. The stiffness of enzymatically degummed Crepe de chine was not only reduced by 17% more than that of soap-soda degummed one but also the Drape coefficient was decreased in enzymatically degummed fabrics, which was closely related with the soft touch of degummed fabrics.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 2012

Temperature and pH sensitive graft copolymers [Pluronic-$g$-poly(NIPAAm-$co$-MMA), Polymer A] and [Pluronic-$g$-poly( NIPAAm-$co$-MAA), Polymer C] were synthesized by macro radical graft polymerization with $N$-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM)/$N,N$-diethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DEAEMA) and $N$-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm)/methacrylic acid (MAA) based on Pluronic, respectively. The chemical structure and molecular weight of the graft copolymers was characterized by $^1H$ NMR and gel permeation chromatography. The aqueous solution properties of graft copolymers were measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, contact angle and dynamic light scattering equipment with different temperature and pH conditions. The obtained graft copolymers showed a very sensitive phase transition in response to temperature and pH in aqueous media which suggested that the amine group of DEAEMA segment and carboxylic group of MAA had a great influence on the lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) in Polymer A and C, respectively. The graft copolymers can be utilized for drug delivery system and molecular switching applications where responses to temperature and pH changes are relevant.