• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.257-268
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• 2016

Both economic growth and industrial structure have great influence on energy consumption and GHG emissions. This study analyzed long-term scenarios for GHG emissions projections considering economic growth and industry value added change. In consideration of 3 GDP and 3 industry value added outlook, total 9 scenarios were set; 'Assembly Industry Baseline(AI)', 'Assembly KEIT industry(AK)', 'Assembly Advanced Country industry(AA)', 'KDI Industry Baseline(KI)', 'KDI KEIT industry(KK)', 'KDI Advanced Country industry(KA)', 'OECD Industry Baseline(OI)', 'OECD KEIT industry(OK)', and 'OECD Advanced Country industry(OA)' scenarios. In consideration of the GDP increase rate and industry value added outlook, it is estimated that AI scenario's GHG emissions would be 777 million tons of $CO_2eq$ in 2030. On the other hand, in the case of OA scenario, GHG emissions would be 560.2 million tons of $CO_2eq$ in 2030. Differences between AI scenario's and OA scenario's were 216.8 million tons of $CO_2eq$. It can be identified by that GDP and industry value added change have great influence on GHG emissions. In view of the fact that Korea's amount of GHG emission reduction targets in 2030 were 218.6 million tons of $CO_2eq$ that the result of this research could give us valuable insight.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.143-152
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• 2020

This study analyzes in detail greenhouse gas emissions in building sector. To this end, this study used data on building characteristics (including building type, region, and construction year) and monthly energy consumptions (including electricity, city gas, and district heat) for all buildings from 2015 to 2018. These data were collected from the National Building Energy Database and the energy consumptions were converted into greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The total amount of GHG emissions from the building sector has increased steadily from 2015 (118.1MtCO2eq.) to 2018 (132.6MtCO2eq.). On the other hand, the more recently constructed buildings had lower GHG intensities. This result shows that strengthening building design criteria was effective on the reduction of GHG emissions in buildings, and that the increased buildings contributed to increasing GHG emissions of the building sector. In addition, sales facilities are thought to have the largest reduction potential as they had the highest amount of GHG emissions and GHG intensity. This study is expected to help establish new policies for GHG reduction in building sector as well as to evaluate the effects of existing policies.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2013

In this study, the newest technology available to reduce GHG emissions, which can be applicable in energy industries of the future that has large reduction obligations by energy target management and large intensity of GHG emissions, has been investigated by searching the technical characteristics of each technology. The newest technology to reduce GHG emissions in the field of power generation and energy can be mainly classified into the improvement of efficiency, CCS, and gas combined-cycle technology. In order to improve the reliability of the GHG emission factor obtained from the investigation process, it has been compared to the technology-specific GHG emission factor derived from the estimated amount of emissions. Then the GHG abatement measures, using the derived estimation of factor, by using the newest technology to reduce GHG emissions have been predicted. As a result, the GHG reduction rate by technology of CCS development has been expected to be the largest more than 30%, and the abatement rate by technology of coal gasified fuel cell and pressurized fluidized-bed thermal power generation has been showed more than 20%. If the effective introduction of the newest technology and the study of its characteristics is continued, and properly applied for future GHG emissions, it can be prospected that the national GHG reduction targets can be achieved in cost-efficient way.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1805-1811
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• 2016

The goal of this study was to estimate the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), namely methane ($CH_4$), nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) from poultry and pig production in South Korea over the last 10 years (2005 through 2014). The calculations of GHG emissions were based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. Over the study period, the $CH_4$ emission from manure management decreased in layer chickens, nursery to finishing pigs and gestating to lactating sows, but there was a gradual increase in $CH_4$ emission from broiler chickens and male breeding pigs. Both sows and nursery to finishing pigs were associated with greater emissions from enteric fermentation than the boars, especially in 2009. Layer chickens produced lower direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions from 2009 to 2014, whereas the average direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions from manure management for broiler chickens were 12.48 and $4.93Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$, respectively. Annual direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions for broiler chickens tended to decrease in 2014. Average $CO_2$ emission from direct on-farm energy uses for broiler and layer chickens were 46.62 and $136.56Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$, respectively. For pig sectors, the $N_2O$ emission from direct and indirect sources gradually increased, but they decreased for breeding pigs. Carbon dioxide emission from direct on-farm energy uses reached a maximum of $53.93Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$ in 2009, but this total gradually declined in 2010 and 2011. For boars, the greatest $CO_2$ emission occurred in 2012 and was $9.44Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$. Indirect $N_2O$ emission was the largest component of GHG emissions in broilers. In layer chickens, the largest contributing factor to GHG emissions was $CO_2$ from direct on-farm energy uses. For pig production, the largest component of GHG emissions was $CH_4$ from manure management, followed by $CO_2$ emission from direct on-farm energy use and $CH_4$ enteric fermentation emission, which accounted for 8.47, 2.85, and $2.82Gg-CO_2/yr$, respectively. The greatest GHG emission intensity occurred in female breeding sows relative to boars. Overall, it is an important issue for the poultry and pig industry of South Korea to reduce GHG emissions with the effective approaches for the sustainability of agricultural practices.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.286-293
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• 2012

Korean government is enforcing 'Greenhouse gas target management' in order to achieve Greenhouse gas reduction target. To attain Greenhouse gas reduction target, companies in Korea must establish their GHG inventory system and analysis their GHG emissions characteristics for deduction of mitigation measures. LMDI(Log Mean Divisia Index) decomposition analysis is widely used to understand characteristics of GHG emission and energy consumption. In this paper, the characteristics of GHG emission from the line of railroad in Korea is respectively analyzed in terms of conversion effect, intensity effect, production effect and distance effect. Data of railroad GHG emission from 2000 to 2007 are used. As a result, total effect of railroad's GHG emission is $96,813tCO_2eq$. Production effect ($39,865tCO_2eq$) and distance effect ($327,923tCO_2eq$) affect increase of railroad GHG emissions while Conversion effect ($-158,161tCO_2eq$) and intensity effect ($-112,814tCO_2eq$) influence decrease of the emissions.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2017

It is known that energy usage from Korean Universities was growing rapidly in the early 2000s. But since 2011, the change was caused by GHG emissions regulation enforced by the government. The purpose of this research was to find the characteristics and trends of greenhouse gas emissions from major universities in Korea according to the each university's data and information. The result shows that GHG emissions from University have increased steadily prior to enforcement by 4-5% annually, but the rate of increase marked 0.5~1% in 2011~2013 is the season of emission regulation and the total amount of emissions decreased 3%~5% in 2014~2015 while preparing an emissions trading scheme. Therefore we can say that the enforcement of GHG reduction such as energy target management system makes a visible effect at least in the University sector that level of GHG emissions is from $75kg/m^2$ to $58Kg/m^2$ for seven years. Another result says that the size of research fund is the main factor that affects the amount of GHG emissions before 2011, but the size of building area has been a new factor influencing the GHG emission since 2013. Thus we suggest that the criteria for evaluating the level of GHG emission from University is suitable if it is based on the building area intensity.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.88-97
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• 2024

This study performed the analysis on an economic feasibility of each marine fuel, potential fuel pathways and the relevance of compliance measures to ensure compliance with the FuelEU Maritime regulation. Additionally, it identified certain regulatory gaps to encourage the use of alternative marine fuels. Regarding GHG emissions calculations, the existing GHG regulations for ships applies the Tank-to-Wake (TtW) method, whereas FuelEU Maritime applies the Well-to-Wake (WtW) method. The main results present that important information to establish response strategy for FuelEU Maritime including the costs and benefits of each marine fuel, the minimum blending ratio of alternative fules, and compliance impacts of measures. For the regulatory costs and benefits of marine fuels following the implementation of the FuelEU Maritime from 2025, our findings indicate that while most fossil fuels incur regulatory costs from 2025, most of biofuels and RFNBO fuels do not incur costs until 2050. This will play a role to narrow the price gap between fossil fuels and alternative fuels.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2015

The glass production is classified into an energy intensive industry. This study develops a systematic procedure to derive Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission inventory for the Korean glass industry. Based on the bottom-up approach in which the energy intensity in each production process is characterized, the EBs (energy balances) of glass production processes are derived. And the GHG emission is calculated for each of four types of glasses-flat glass, container glass, fiber glass, and LCD glass.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.150.1-150.1
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• 2011

The global rise of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and its potentially devastating consequences require a comprehensive regulatory framework for reducing emissions, including those from the transport sector. alternative fuels and technologies have been promoted as a means for reducing the carbon intensity of the transport sector. Renewable fuel policies were historically motivated by energy security concerns, and to promoted agricultural industries. In the last decade, biofuels have also been discussed as low or net-zero carbon soures of energy for transportation. Hence, the development of biofuels has been supported by a range of policy instruments, including volumetric targets or blending mandates, tax incentives or penalties, preferential government purchasing, government funded research, development in world-wide. As one of the most powerfuel instruments, renewable fuel mandates require fuel producers to produce a pre-defined amount(or share) of biofuels and blend them with petroleum fuel. In this study, we reviewed Renewable Fuel Standard(RFS, USA), Renewable Transport Fules Obligation (RTFO, UK) as a renewable fuel mandate policy to reduce GHG. This includes not only mandate system for blending of biofuels in transport fuels, but also sustainability to use biofuels in this system.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.607-623
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• 2021

This study presents projections of future extreme climate over the Korean Peninsula (KP), using bias-corrected data from multiple regional climate model (RCM) simulations in CORDEX-EA Phase 2 project. In order to confirm difference according to degree of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, high GHG path of SSP5-8.5 and low GHG path of SSP1-2.6 scenario are used. Under SSP5-8.5 scenario, mean temperature and precipitation over KP are projected to increase by 6.38℃ and 20.56%, respectively, in 2081~2100 years compared to 1995~2014 years. Projected changes in extreme climate suggest that intensity indices of extreme temperatures would increase by 6.41℃ to 8.18℃ and precipitation by 24.75% to 33.74%, being bigger increase than their mean values. Both of frequency indices of the extreme climate and consecutive indices of extreme precipitation are also projected to increase. But the projected changes in extreme indices vary regionally. Under SSP1-2.6 scenario, the extreme climate indices would increase less than SSP5-8.5 scenario. In other words, temperature (precipitation) intensity indices would increase 2.63℃ to 3.12℃ (14.09% to 16.07%). And there is expected to be relationship between mean precipitation and warming, which mean precipitation would increase as warming with bigger relationship in northern KP (4.08% ℃^-1) than southern KP (3.53% ℃^-1) under SSP5-8.5 scenario. The projected relationship, however, is not significant for extreme precipitation. It seems because of complex characteristics of extreme precipitation from summer monsoon and typhoon over KP.