• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1504-1513
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• 2011

It is important to identify genetic interactions related to human diseases or animal traits. Many linear statistical models have been reported but they did not consider genetic interactions. Genotype matrix mapping (GMM) has been developed to identify genetic interactions. This study uses the GMM method to detect superior SNP combinations of the CCDC158 gene that influences average daily gain, marbling score, cold carcass weight and longissimus muscle dorsi area traits in Hanwoo. We evaluated the statistical significance of the major SNP combinations selected by implementing the permutation test of the F-measure. The effect of g.34425+102 A>T (AA), g.8778G>A (GG) and g.4102+36T>G (GT) SNP combinations produced higher performance of average daily gain, marbling score, cold carcass weight and the longissimus muscle dorsi area traits than the effect of a single SNP. GMM is a fast and reliable method for multiple SNP analysis with potential application in marker-assisted selection. GMM may prospectively be used for genetic assessment of quantitative traits after further development.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2005

대량의 비활성가스를 발생시키는 Inert Gas Generator(IGG)를 소화설비로 사용하기 위해 본 연구에서는 가스터빈을 채용한 IGG에서 발생되는 배기가스의 소화성능을 검토하였다. IGG에서 발생하는 가스는 조성을 동일하게 만든 모사 혼합가스를 이용하였으며, Cup Burner시험방법으로 소화농도를 측정하였다. 얻어진 소화농도를 NFPA 2001에서 권장하는 방법에 적용하여 소화설계 농도 및 소화공간 크기를 산정하였다. 또한, $2m\times2m\times2m$ 크기의 공간에서 화재진압 실험을 수행하여 실제 소화성능을 확인하였다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.74-101
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• 2000

Geungyul(根結) means roots and nodes of meridians. If human body gets damaged by energy which each seasons has, the meridians get some troubles. Healing for symptom, meridians consist of root, stay, follow, inpouring and node of acupuncture points should be in harmony. 1. This chapter explain roots and node parts of each meridian, acupuncture points name and root, stay, follow, inpouring of acupuncture points which in arm and leg of three Yin and Yang. 2. The opening, closing, axis function, the symptom, and the needling of both meridians of Yin and Yang are explained. 3. The method that predicts the rise-and-fall of visceral energy and the time of death by using an order of pulse and intermittent pulse is explained. 4. It is explained that since the physical condition of the rich and the poor are different, the method using a needling for each person to be healed, such as the deep-and-shallow and the quick-and-slow, are different. 5. It is explained that the excess and the deficiency in the energy of shape should be considered when a acupuncture is given.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to do numerical analysis of the wavelength dependence in low level laser therapy (LLLT) using a finite element method (FEM). Methods: Numerical analysis of heat transfer based on a Pennes' bioheat equation was performed to assess the wavelength dependence of effects of LLLT in a single layer and in multilayered tissue that consists of skin, fat and muscle. The three different wavelengths selected, 660 nm, 830 nm and 980 nm, were ones that are frequently used in clinic settings for the therapy of musculoskeletal disorders. Laser parameters were set to the power density of 35.7 W/$cm^2$, a spot diameter of 0.06 cm, and a laser exposure time of 50 seconds for all wavelengths. Results: Temperature changes in tissue based on a heat transfer equation using a finite element method were simulated and were dominantly dependent upon the absorption coefficient of each tissue layer. In the analysis of a single tissue layer, heat generation by fixed laser exposure at each wavelength had a similar pattern for increasing temperature in both skin and fat (980 nm > 660 nm > 830 nm), but in the muscle layer 660nm generated the most heat (660 nm ${\gg}$ 980 nm > 830 nm). The heat generation in multilayered tissue versus penetration depth was shown that the temperature of 660 nm wavelength was higher than those of 830 nm and 980 nm Conclusion: Numerical analysis of heat transfer versus penetration depth using a finite element method showed that the greatest amount of heat generation is seen in multilayered tissue at = 660 nm. Numerical analysis of heat transfer may help lend insight into thermal events occurring inside tissue layers during low level laser therapy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.766-771
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate interaction effects of genes using a Harvester method. A sample of Korean cattle, Hanwoo (n = 476) was chosen from the National Livestock Research Institute of Korea that were sired by 50 Korean proven bulls. The steers were born between the spring of 1998 and the autumn of 2002 and reared under a progeny-testing program at the Daekwanryeong and Namwon branches of NLRI. The steers were slaughtered at approximately 24 months of age and carcass quality traits were measured. A SNP Harvester method was applied with a support vector machine (SVM) to detect significant SNPs in the CCDC158 gene and interaction effects between the SNPs that were associated with average daily gains, cold carcass weight, longissimus dorsi muscle area, and marbling scores. The statistical significance of the major SNP combinations was evaluated with $x^2$-statistics. The genotype combinations of three SNPs, g.34425+102 A>T(AA), g.4102636T>G(GT), and g.11614-19G>T(GG) had a greater effect than the rest of SNP combinations, e.g. 0.82 vs. 0.75 kg, 343 vs. 314 kg, 80.4 vs $74.7cm^2$, and 7.35 vs. 5.01, for the four respective traits (p<0.001). Also, the estimates were greater compared with single SNPs analyzed (the greatest estimates were 0.76 kg, 320 kg, $75.5cm^2$, and 5.31, respectively). This result suggests that the SNP Harvester method is a good option when multiple SNPs and interaction effects are tested. The significant SNPs could be applied to improve meat quality of Hanwoo via marker-assisted selection.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2012

지오그리드의 장기허용강도를 산출할 때 사용되는 총 감소계수는 내시공성 감소계수($RF_{ID}$), 내화학성 감소계수($RF_D$), 크리프 감소계수($RF_{CR}$) 등이 적용된다. 지오그리드의 단기인장강도에 대한 감소계수를 고려한 허용인장강도 산출 모델의 경우 감소계수들 사이의 상호 작용력을 고려하지 않는 한계를 가지고 있다. 접점강도는 인장강도와 마찬가지로 시공 시 손상이나 화학적 분해에 의하여 감소하게 된다. 기존의 단일접점강도 시험 방법은 치수효과를 고려할 수 없기에 결과의 편차가 큰 시공 시 손상된 시험편의 접점강도를 측정하는데 적합하지 않다. 또한 시공 시 손상에 의한 전단강도 변화에 대한 연구도 전혀 이루어지지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 조건을 고려하여 지오그리드의 장기성능에 영향을 미치는 감소계수들을 재평가하고 감소계수 사이의 상호 작용을 고려하여 정확한 장기허용강도를 구하려고 한다. 내시공성 시험과 내화학성 시험 후 크리프 시험결과 총 감소계수는 GRI GG-4 시험값보다 작게 나타났다. 내시공성 시험과 내화학성 시험 후 접점강도의 감소계수는 인장강도 감소계수보다 더 작게 나타났다. 내시공성 시험후 전단강도 차이가 나타나지 않거나 증가함을 나타내었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권9_10
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• pp.1475-1486
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• 2007

This study aims to develop knitted ware design to meet desire to express diversity in the modern fashion design so that we designed knitted ware by applying african geometric pattern and color to suggest new knitted ware design. We collect data about african texture pattern through technical books, publications, internet, and preceding research and visit and investigate the African museum. We investigate knitted Jacquard texture through preceding research and collect sample and data which is insufficient in the data source. The conclusions in this study are summarized as follows: First, African textile pattern is formulated with animism based on their religious view of art for a basis and African regards nature like animal and plant as a motive and interprets nature in the so that they can create symbolized geometric features that constitute African texture pattern. Those patterns is composed of extremely geometric figures so that they we fit to apply for color jacquad knit design. Second, color knitted jacquad can be distinguished by knitting method and status of knitting as 7 kinds of techniques such as Nomal, Bird'eye, Floating, Tubular, Ladder's back, Blister, Transfer Jacquard, and as a result of preceding research and knitting texture directly, jacquard technique makes different texture under same condition like consistent spinning rate and same crochet hook. Third, Bird'eye Jacquard used generally to make knitted ware and Ladder's back Jacquard, Tubular Jacquard used to make knitted ware light are fit to apply them to 7GG and 12GG machines. We design a cloak as a outer garment, a coat shaped like one-piece dress and a coat with hood by using Tubular Jacquard which can make thick texture and design a jacket, a skirt and a one-piece dress by using Bird'eye Jacquard. we make a light and flimsy one-piece dress by using Ladder's back Jacquard. Fourth, we apply the contrast of $4{\sim}6$ color and line and the contrast of texture and raw material to jacquard in order to emphasize texture property and visual property.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제2호
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• pp.169-190
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• 2004

The purpose of this article is to delve into the problems of originality of the artwork by examining issues of reproduction within the contemporary art market. In contemporary arts, especially in terms of art production and consumption, we can't overlook society and its economic structure and its connection with of capitalism. As the purity of art creation has turned into an exchange value, art, especially an object as artwork, has fallen into the status of production in an economic marketing system. Walter Benjamin mainly referred to that point in his thesis Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit, which originated the sociology of plastic arts. This thesis, published in 1936, traced how the artistic functions of photograph and movie had been changed through the social development. His main concerns were movie and photograph but what I am concentrating from his point of view, is that even in the field of plastic arts, the manufacture of reproduction has been practiced as a primary method within the social and political contexts and development. Though I am referring to this in the main body of this article, reproduction in contemporary art strongly needs a new definition since it has been spread all over like a newest virus, not only by collector's personal taste or hut also by commercial circulations of these reproductions to the public. This relates to Benjamin's argument about the value of an exhibition at a museum(Ausstellungswert). Since the function of an artwork has been one of cultural industry, the manufacturing of reproduction raises unexpected problems, such as, the originality of the artwork, the value of an exhibition at a museum, its achievement as documentary and as a territory of art criticism. In this point of view, I want to inquire into the value and criteria of an exhibition in contemporary art through the review of the definitions and the intrinsic attributes of reproduction. Somehow in a broad sense, the reproduction is a product coming out of representation or copy (replica) of an original art work or an model. Therefore, the problems it presents differ from the Simulacre, which is an image without an original one. In terms of the Meanings of reproduction, we can distinguish it as reproductions, copies, and productions. These types of reproductions are not the original artworks reflected by the creative intention of the artists. For example, a publishing company reproduced some of lithographs of Salvador Dali in the 1960s. They are commercial copies in the form of representation or reproduction with no artistic and creative intention of the artist. However, In despite of this theoretical basis, reproductions of the famous artists are still displayed without any verification for of the public's quest for the artworks. Moreover, many commercial companies that are planning to exhibit art works of the world-famous artists only for their profits keep trying to speak ill of and judging by the law the honest art critics' articles which discuss the true values of exhibition. If freedom of expression is one of the ideals of democracy, even the judgment of the originality of the artworks should be freely expressed.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1180-1187
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• 2017

본 연구는 생강의 천연 기능성 식품소재로서 활용성을 높이기 위해 마쇄한 생강과 숙성 후 발효시킨 생강을 이용하여 항산화 및 항균활성의 특성을 비교하였다. 생강 추출물의 pH는 6.68 산도는 0.39로 나타났으며, 생강을 발효숙성 시켰을 때 pH는 감소하였으나, 산도는 전반적으로 증가하였다. 일반 생강의 6-gingerol 함량은 $404.8{\mu}g/g$ 이었으며, 6-shogaol은 검출되지 않았으나, 발효숙성생강 추출물의 6-shogaol 함량은 $128.8-196.4{\mu}g/g$로 증가하여 발효숙성 과정 중 6-gingerol이 6-shogaol로 변환되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 총 페놀함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량 분석결과, 일반생강 추출물의 총페놀 함량이 높았으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량의 유의차는 없었다. ABTS 활성소거능은 발효숙성 생강이 88.11-101.32%로 65.43%의 일반생강 추출물보다 유의적으로 높았으며, DPPH radical 소거능도 발효숙성생강 추출물이 10-20% 정도 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였으며(p<0.05) 특히 S. thermophilus로 발효한 생강에서 가장 높았다. 일반생강과 발효숙성생강 추출물의 항균효과를 확인하고 활성의 차이를 비교하기 위하여 실시한 디스크확산법에 의한 결과는 그람양성균인 S. aureus와 L. monocytogenes 균주에서 발효숙성생강 추출물의 항균활성이 유의적으로 더 높은 것을 확인하였으며, 특히 L. brevis로 발효시킨 추출물의 항균효과가 가장 높았다. 또한 그람음성균인 Salmonella spp. 균주에서도 일반생강에서는 clear zone이 관찰되지 않았으나, 발효숙성생강 추출물에서는 1.88-2.51 cm의 clear zone을 확인하였다. 하지만 E. coli에서는 clear zone이 관찰되지 않았다. 최소억제농도인 MIC 결과 항균효과를 위해 발효숙성생강보다 일반생강에서 보다 많은 양의 시료가 요구 되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 생강을 숙성 후 발효시키면 천연기능성 식품소재로서 radical 소거 및 항균활성이 높게 측정되었음을 확인하였으며, 발효 중 생강의 매운맛이 감소되었을 것으로 판단되어 향후 식품산업에서 발효숙성생강을 이용할 때 항산화 및 항균성의 기초자료가 될 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 살아있는 프로바이오틱스 균주에 의한 레자주린의 흡광 및 형광특성의 변화와 레소루핀과의 반응성을 분석하고, 균주별 레자주린에 대한 환원능을 비교하였다. LGG에 의해 레자주린은 흡광과 형광의 변화를 수반하며 레소루핀으로 환원되고 반응시간과 생균수의 증가에 따라 환원정도가 증가하였으며, 형광의 변화에서 더 정확하고 민감한 반응성을 보였다. 한편 LGG에 의한 레소루핀으로부터 다이하이드로레소루핀으로의 환원반응은 거의 유발되지 않았다. 프로바이오틱스 6개 균주 중 L. kimchicus의 생균에 의한 레자주린 환원력이 월등하게 높은 반면, 균체 파쇄 후의 ABTS 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 다른 양상을 보이며 L. plantarum과 L. casei가 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 한편 생균의 MTT 환원능은 L. kimchicus가 LGG에 비해 현저히 높아 레자주린 환원능과 유사한 양상을 보였다. 본 연구결과는 레자주린이 단일 균주 프로바이오틱스의 생균수 측정에 유용하며, 프로바이오틱스의 선별 및 환원활성 측정에 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.