• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to find out the pattern of Ger form, inner spatial composition of Mongolian Ger house, and to take a dig at the structural or symbolic elements of nomadic architecture of Ger. To the point of view of corresponding to living and space of housing, remarkable characteristics of Ger Architecture is able to pull down and recombine the structures of nomadic house. Even though urbanization of Mongolia has spreading rapidly in a whole nation, most of people preserves traditional housing pattern within Ger. The ways of survey are to study of traditional home of Mongolia, and then field work at residence or mountain area in Ulan Bator and Gorkhi Terelj National Park area. This survey contains the form, size, structure, spatial composition of living space, structure, and materials. There are three results as follows: First, the form of Ger house is like a pyramidal or crown roof style to approximate to the round shape of it. Usually they had lived in nomadic way of life, so the Ger had a movable and flexible structure. Second, the Ger is easy to build up and deconstruct to move or find a new pasture. Third, the Mongolian Ger structure is composed by mainly five elements that are Khana, Khaalga, Toono, Bagana, and Uni. It has a hierarchy of internal spaces which are classified to gender, orientation, and property.

• 전기의세계
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2009

• 약학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.559-565
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• 1999

The two gericudranin E derivatives, GER-I & II, were synthesized and evaluated their antitumour activities for the elucidation of structure-activity relationship. 2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone was converted to target molecules GER-I and GER-B in 5 steps via sequential protection, aldol condensation, Michael type-cyclization, regioselective C-benzylation. The cellular growth inhibition of compounds GER-I and GER-II were investigated against P388, L1210, K562, HCT-15, SK-HepG-1, MCF-7 as cancer cell lines and mouse splenocytes as a normal cell by MTT assay.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.615-619
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• 2009

$Tr{\ddot{o}}ger$'s base 중 (+)-$Tr{\ddot{o}}ger$'s base는 항혈전제로 Thromboxane A2($T{\times}A2$) Synthase의 효소 활성을 저해하여 동맥경화의 치료제로 널리 사용되고 있다. 따라서 (+)-$Tr{\ddot{o}}ger$'s base를 라세미 혼합물로부터 순수하게 분리하는 것은 중요한 연구대상이다. 하지만 실험을 통한 (+)-$Tr{\ddot{o}}ger$'s base의 순수한 분리에는 많은 시간과 비용이 필요하게 되므로 분리 효율의 향상에 많은 어려움이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하고자 Aspen Chromatography 전산 모사는 여러 조건하에서 직접 실험을 하지 않는 효율적인 시뮬레이션 방법으로서 분리 효율 등을 예측할 수 있으므로 생산성 향상에 드는 시간과 비용을 절약할 수 있다. Aspen Chromatography simulator로 $Tr{\ddot{o}}ger$'s base의 주입량과 이동상 속도를 변화시켜 TB(-)와 TB(+)의 분리도, 수율 그리고 다양한 흡착식을 비교하였다. TB(-)와 TB(+)의 분리도와 순수한 수율은 이동상 속도 0.25 mL/min일 때 가장 높았다. 고정상과 이동상 농도사이의 관계식을 표시하는 등온흡착식을 변화하여 전산모사한 결과 Ideal Adsorbed Solution(IAS) Statistical Langmuir 등온흡착식이 분리 효율에 좋은 결과를 가져왔다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.193-196
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• 1998

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been considered one of major causes in patient with globus symptom. Diagnostic methods for GER are gastroesophagoscopy, acid perfusion test esophagogram, esophageal manometry, 24-hour double probe pH-metry, and so on. According to the literature, positive rate of GER on esophagogram was reported variably from 4.7% to 45.9% and the outcome of classical treatment with antacid and prokinetic agent was reported from 70% to 84%. We reviewed the medical records of 81 patients with globus symptom. Each patient had been performed esophagogram and treated with antacid and prokinetic agent. Positive rate of GER on esophagogram was 46.9%. Complete resolution and improvement of globus symptom was 79% overally, 92% in positive group of GER rut esophgogram, and 72% in negative group. Considering aspects of time-cost and compliance of patient esophagogram is one of the screening methods of GER in patients with globus symptom. Antacid and prokinetic agent is recommended in treatment of patients with globus symptom.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.138-145
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• 2017

As that experienced in other developing countries, Mongolia has already faced multilateral side issues for two decades due to economic growth that created Ger areas or internationally 'Slum', public housing and living conditions for low-income citizens, on the basis of rapid migration from rural areas to urban. Ger areas appear to be the main cause of environmental pollution problems and impending comfortable living conditions of the city's residents by covering more than half area of Ulaanbaatar city. Also, the spread of the Ger areas has many side issues such as prevention of urban development and unaesthetic. Most inhabitants of the areas are on low-incomes, and living in the detached houses or felt yurts (Ger) usually build within a low budget, by themselves or unprofessional people, and by using materials of poor quality. Therefore, Ger areas are an inevitable issue that requires effective, proper and immediate housing policy coordination under the government and even the housing market. Unfortunately housing policies, laws, and projects adopted by Mongolian government have shown inefficient results. The government housing policies, unlike other developing countries did not target low-income households' housing which is the priority issue for two decades. But only in 2014, the Long-term housing policy with the strategy for affordable housing initiated the housing policy for low-income households. This policy has five main broad directions such as redevelopment of Ger area, the land readjustment, public rental housing, new settlements and new city and reconstruction for old apartments, which are rather general and would require tremendous financial resources if each of the directions is implemented simultaneously without prioritization. Therefore this research aims to suggest the efficient and adequate housing policy direction for the low-income households in Ger area based on achievement of other developing countries' strategies, performances and generic characteristic with explanatory models. Also, this research adopts a literature analysis method that uses various research reports, related papers in domestic and international journals, and theses by experts, researchers, public institutions, and agencies.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.709-719
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• 2023

최근 양자컴퓨터를 이용한 공격에 안전한 양자내성암호(Post-Quantum Cryptography, PQC)에 대한 연구 및 표준화가 국내외로 활발히 진행되고 있다. 2022년 국내 양자내성암호 표준화 공모인 KpqC 공모전이 시작되었고, 총 16종의 양자내성암호 표준 후보 알고리즘이 제출되어 1라운드 진행 중이다. 본 고에서는 KpqC 공모전 1라운드 후보인 격자 기반 키 캡슐화 알고리즘 TiGER에 대해 Alexander May의 Meet-LWE 공격을 적용하여 구체적인 공격 복잡도를 분석하였다. TiGER의 제안된 파라미터에 대해 Meet-LWE 공격을 적용한 계산 결과, 192-bit 양자 안전성을 목표로 제안된 TiGER192 파라미터가 실제로 170-bit의 classical 안전성을 가진다는 것을 보였다. 또한, 본 고에서는 Meet-LWE 공격에 대한 안전성을 높이기 위한 파라미터 설정 방법을 제언한다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2024

LWE(learning with errors) 문제 기반의 공개키 암호는 기법 설계 및 파라미터 설정에 따라 복호화 실패율이 주어지는데, 높은 복호화 실패율은 실용성의 저하를 불러올뿐만 아니라 기법에 대한 공격으로 이어질 수 있음이 밝혀진 바 있다[1]. 따라서, KpqC 1차 라운드에 제안된 Ring-LWE 기반 KEM 기법인 TiGER[2]는 오류 보정 코드 (error correction code) Xef와 D2 인코딩 방법을 사용함으로써 복호화 실패율을 낮추고자 하였다. 그런데, Ring-LWE 문제에 기반한 암호화 기법 중 오류 보정 코드를 사용하는 기법의 경우 흔히 가정하는 각 비트 오류의 독립성이 성립하지 않음이 알려진 바 있다[3]. TiGER의 복호화 실패율 계산은 이를 고려하지 않은바, 본 논문에서는 오류 의존성을 고려하여 복호화 실패율을 다시 계산한다. 또한, TiGER(v2.0)의 비트 오류가 잘못 계산되었음을 발견하여 올바른 비트 오류 계산 식과 그에 따라 새로 계산한 복호화 실패율을 제시한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2008

An open reading frame, designated GerGTII and located downstream of the polyketide synthase genes, has been identified as a chalcosyltransferase by sequence analysis in the dihydrochalcomycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces sp. KCTC 0041BP. The deduced product of gerGTII is similar to several glycosyltransferases, authentic and putative, and it displays a consensus sequence motif that appears to be characteristic of a sub-group of these enzymes. Specific disruption of gerGTII within the S. sp. KCTC 0041BP genome by insertional in-frame deletion method, resulted complete abolishment of dihydrochalcomycin and got the 20-O-mycinosyl-dihydrochalconolide as intermediate product in dihydrochalcomycin biosynthesis which was confirmed by electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Dihydrochalcomycin also was recovered after complementation of gerGTII.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2016

Objectives: The traditional type of residence in used in Mongolia, called a ger, is an important residential form and applies coal combustion for cooking and heating. The combustion of coal in ger is the major source of indoor air pollution. The purposes of this study were to measure indoor air pollution in ger and determine the effect of cooking and heating activities. Methods: Indoor temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter less than $2.5{\mu}m$ ($PM_{2.5}$) and black carbon (BC) were continuously measured for 24 hours in eight ger. The measurements were conducted in January or February 2015. Heavy metals in $PM_{2.5}$ filter samples were analyzed by ICP-MS. Results: Average indoor temperature and relative humidity were $19.6{\pm}4.6^{\circ}C$ and $21.4{\pm}5.2%$, respectively. The average indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in the eight ger was $119.8{\mu}g/m^3$ and ranged from 69.4 to $202.7{\mu}g/m^3$. The peak concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ and BC during cooking and heating periods were several times higher than the 24- hour average concentration. Conclusion: The major contributor to indoor $PM_{2.5}$ and BC concentrations in the ger was coal combustion for cooking and heating.