• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2011

Purpose: Many infertile women are receiving in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). But side effects occur after IVF-ET and pregnancy rate is still low. So this study is to report the effect of herbal medicine on a woman receiving IVF-ET and herbal medicine's low risk on a pregnant woman. Methods: The patient was underwent artificial insemination five times and IVF-ET three times. In this study, the patient steadily took a herbal medicine before IVF-ET to birth. Results: The side effects of IVF-ET and the miscarriage symptoms ware decreased. And by taking a herbal medicine during IVF-ET, the patient was pregnant and gave birth when she was 33 weeks pregnant by cesarian section. Conclusions: This case study shows that herbal medicine is effective for reducing side effects of IVF-ET and increasing pregnancy rate. And in this case the patient gave birth to healthy babies, althogh steadily taking herbal medicine during pregnancy.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.246-258
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of TKM to Rhumatitis Arthritis after parturition and show the importance of recuperation after parturition. Methods: The patient was a 33-year-old woman who complains arthralgia, edema and sense of coldness after her third parturition. The patient was treated by Herb medicine, Acupuncture treatment, Moxa treatment and Physical Treatment. And the progress of symptoms was evaluated by cheking the change of VAS, and inspecting the DITI. Results: The Pain and edema have declined. After discharge, she got definite diagnosis as Rhumatitis Arthritis. But We already estimated it from the results of serum test. So we had treated the patience with TKM and we could explain the prognosis. We regulated the pain and edema successfully at the acute phase. And the patient could take care of herself, she didn't play her disease down as a simple symptoms of parturition. Conclusion: TKM is expected to have positive effects on Rheumatic arthritis with quick onset after parturition.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Gobonjibung-tang on menorrhagia diagnosed as Qi deficiency. Methods: The patients had menorrhagia caused by adenomyosis and multiple uterus myoma. We diagnosed them as Qi deficiency and treated with Gobonjibung-tang for two weeks from a week before the menstruation. And during the rest period they were treated with Bojungikgi-tang or Ikgibohyeol-tang. After three menstrual cycles, we observed whether the amount of menstruation keep reduced for two menstrual cycles. Results: Amount of menstruation were reduced during three menstrual cycles with taking herbal medicine and two menstrual cycles without taking herbal medicine. As a result of contacting with patients 4~6 months after treatment, the amount of menstruation was maintained at a reduced state. Conclusions: Gobonjibung-tang is effective in patients with menorrhagia diagnosed as Qi deficiency and the effect is continuous.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.90-103
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• 2008

목적 : 본 연구는 현호색의 메탄올 추출물(Corydalis Tuber Extract:CTE)이 인간 유방암 세포인 MCF-7 세포의 자멸사에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 현호색 메탄올 추출물로 인간유방암에서 유래된 MCF-7 세포를 처리하였다. CTE의 세포자멸사 유도 효과는 MTT, FACS, TUNEL, DNA laddering and immunoblot assay를 통하여 측정하였다. 결과: 본 연구에서 현호색 메탄올 추출물은 MCF-7 세포의 활성을 감소시켰다. CTE로 처리한 MCF-7 세포는 용량에 따라 세포 자멸사 과정이 증가했다. CTE에 노출하였을 때 Bcl-2와 $Bcl-_{XL}$의 발현을 억제하고, 미토콘드리아로부터 세포질로 cytochrome-c를 방출하며, caspase와 PARP의 절단을 유발하여 세포자멸사가 증가했다. 현호색 메탄올 추출물에 존재하는 성분중에서 coptisine이 세포 활성도를 효과적으로 감소시킨 것으로 사료된다. 결론: 실험결과 현호색 메탄올 추출물이 유방암의 임상 치료에 있어 가능성 있는 치료 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-64
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the effect of Jaeumkanghwa-tang (JEKHT) on the propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Methods: Six groups, each of 8 rats per group were used in the present study - intact vehicle control, PTU control, Levothyroxine ($LT_4$), JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg treated groups. JEKHT were administered once a day for 42 days as an oral dose of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. The changes on the body and organ weight, serum hormone and lipid profiles, liver and testis antioxidant defense factors were observed with histopathology of organs. Results were compared with $LT_4$ 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally treated rats in this experiment. Results: PTU treatment, marked decrease of body weight, increases of thyroid weight, decreases of liver, testis, epididymis and prostate weights, decreases of serum Tri-iodothyronine ($T_3$), and Thyroxine ($T_4$) level with increase of serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, decreases of serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level with increases of serum Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) level, increases of serum High density lipoprotein (HDL), decrease of triglyceride content, increase of serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, decreases of liver and testis antioxidant defense factors were observed. In addition, marked hyperplasia of follicular cells with decreases of follicular colloid contents and diameters was additionally demonstrated with the decrease of hepatocyte numbers per unit area due to hypertrophy of hepatocytes related to lipid droplet depositions, increase of a/oligospermatic epididymal tubules with epididymal atrophic changes, seminiferous tubular atrophy with decrease of stage I~II seminiferous tubules in testis, prostate tubular atrophic changes at histopathological inspections. However, these PTU induced hypothyroidism and related hepatic and male reproductive organ damages were favorably and dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, and JEKHT also effectively regulated the PTU-induced abnormal antioxidant defense factor changes in the both liver and testis. Conclusions: JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg dose-dependently inhibited PTU-induced hypothyroidism and related liver and male reproductive organ damages in rats.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2014

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the in vitro antibacterial effects of Gagam-seopyoungjeon aqueous extracts (GGSYJ) against Gardnerella vaginalis and the possible synergic combination effects with clindamycin. Methods: Antibacterial activities against Gardnerella vaginalis of GGSYJ were detected using minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), and the effects on the bacterial growth curve were also monitored at MIC and MIC${\times}$2 levels. The combination effects of GGSYJ with clindamycin were observed by checkboard microtiter assay, and the effects of bacterial growth curve treated with GGSYJ MIC+clindamycin MIC, 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC, respectively. The effects on the bacterial invasion and intracellular killing of GGSYJ were also observed using human vaginal epithelial (VK2) and murine macrophage (Raw264.7) cells with combination effects with clindamycin after treatment of GGSYJ MIC+clindamycin 1/2 MIC, 1/4 MIC and 1/6 MIC, respectively. Results: The MIC of clindamycin and GGSYJ against Gardnerella vaginalis were detected as $0.012{\pm}0.006$ (0.004~0.016)${\mu}g/ml$ and $1.016{\pm}0.524$ (0.391~1.563) mg/ml, respectively. Clindamycin and GGSYJ were also showed marked dosage-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth, and significant decreases of viable cells were detected in clindamycin MIC+GGSYJ MIC and clindamycin 1/2 MIC+GGSYJ MIC treatment as compared with each of single clindamycin MIC and GGSYJ MIC treatments. And significant decreases of intraepithelial and intra-macrophage viable bacteria numbers were detected in clindamycin 1/2 MIC+GGSYJ 1/2 MIC and clindamycin 1/4 MIC+GGSYJ 1/2 MIC treatment as compared with each of single clindamycin GGSYJ 1/2 MIC treatments, respectively. Conclusions: GGSYJ showed slight antibacterial effects against Gardnerella vaginalis, but they showed dosage-dependent inhibitory effects on the bacterial growth and VK2 epithelial invasions of bacteria with favorable accelerating effects of intracellular killing activities of macrophages. In addition, combination of GGSYJ also increased the inhibitory effects of clindamycin on the epithelial invasions of Gardnerella vaginalis and intracellular killing activities of macrophages against Gardnerella vaginalis as 2-fold higher as compared with clindamycin single treatment, respectively. Therefore, we expected that the clinical dosages of clindamycin can be reduced as 1/2 levels as combination with GGSYJ.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2014

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the in vitro anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of six single aqueous herbal extracts-Quisqualis Fructus (QuF), Meliae Cortex (MeC), Arecae Semen (ArS), Crassirhizomae Rhizoma (CrR), Ulmi Pasta Semen(UlS), Torreyae Semen(ToS)- against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Methods: Anti-bacterial activities against S. aureus of aqueous extracts of QuF, MeC, ArS, CrR, UlS and ToS were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the cell viability, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 productions of LPS activated Raw 264.7 cells were detected. The anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects were respectively compared with lincomycin and piroxicam. Results: Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of aqueous extracts of QuF, MeC, ArS, CrR, UlS and ToS against S. aureus was respectively detected $5.625{\pm}4.075$ (3.125~12.500), $0.332{\pm}0.273$ (0.098~0.782), $1.094{\pm}0.428$ (0.782~1.563), $2.969{\pm}2.096$ (0.782~6.250), $9.375{\pm}4.419$ (3.125~12.500)>25 mg/ml. MIC of lincomycin was detected as $0.469{\pm}0.297$ (0.195~0.782) ${\mu}g/ml$ at same conditions. In addition, $ED_{50}$ against LPS-induced cell viabilities and cytokine releases of QuF, MeC, ArS, CrR, UlS and ToS was as follows - Cell viability: 66.370, 2.908, 1.747, 259.553, 18.150 and 34.160 mg/ml; NO production: 389.486, 0.294, 0.138, 523.060, 45.363 and 49.327 mg/ml; $PGE_2$ production: 114.271, 0.223, 0.046, 243.078, 8.829 and 28.947 mg/ml; TNF-${\alpha}$ production: 406.288, 0.343, 0.123, 9404.227, 125.406 and 140.775 mg/ml; IL-$1{\beta}$ production: 117.178, 0.135, 0.019, 237.451, 7.923 and 19.418 mg/ml; IL-6 production: 31.261, 0.105, 0.055, 128.434, 2.290 and 3.745 mg/ml. ED50 of piroxicam against LPS-induced cell viabilities, NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were detected as 35.179, 6.552, 1.162, 7.273, 7.101 and $5.044{\mu}g/ml$, respectively at same conditions. Conclusions: All six single aqueous herbal extracts showed anti-bacterial effects against S. aureus, in the order of MeC, ArS, CrR, QuF and UlS aqueous extracts except for ToS; they did not showed any anti-bacterial effects (MIC>25 mg/ml). They also showed anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells in the order of ArS, MeC, UlS, ToS, QuF and CrR aqueous extracts. It means that the ArS and MeC will be showed favorable potent anti-bacterial and related anti-inflammatory effects.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2006

This study was intended to identify the pregnant women's oral health care behaviors and the necessity of active oral care so as to use in the dental hygiene education at dental clinics as basic materials to inform the importance of oral health during pregnancy and instruct how to improve it. And to suggest a dental service direction for dental hygienists, 150 pregnant women who visited the Ostetrics and Genecology Clinics located in tl,e north part of Cholla province were surveyed with questionnaire on their oral care behaviors, from september to October in 2004. The findings were as below: 1. 43.8% of the pregnant women have ever used the dental care institutes within the recent 3 months during pregnancy period. The purpose of the visits was mostly treatment of dental caries, accounting for 40.0%. Next came the treatment of periodontal diseases, accounting for 33.8%. 2. At dental care service, 84.7% of the pregnant women informed the clinic staff of their pregnancy, 12.0% of the pregnant women were having periodical oral examination. 3. 56.7% of the pregnant women have ever inquired about oral care methods, 24.0% of the pregnant women have ever taken any oral health education, of whom 47.1% had higher schooling over graduate school, with a statistically signifiant difference. 4. 55.3% of the pregnant women made changes in their oral care practice after they got pregnant. Change of oral care practices was more obvious in those who had higher schooling background, of whom specialist women accounted 76.9%. Change of oral care practices after pregnancy was statistically significantly different to the academic background and occupation. 5. Of the changes in oral care practice after pregnancy, 51.8% of the pregnant women answered they got sensitive to change in their oral status, and 39.8% increased the frequency of tooth brushing. 6. In selecting a tooth paste after they got pregnant, 58.0% of the women didn't give any special consideration to the kind of tooth paste, while 10.7% women as low selected such tooth pastes that contain fluoride. 7. Pregnant women's route for gathering oral care information was mostly mass media and Internet which accounted for 50.7%.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2011

북위 $33^{\circ}15'{\sim}38^{\circ}11'$ 사이에 위치한 한반도 남부의 19개 지역(포천, 고성, 평창, 강화, 금산, 서천, 진천. 단양, 통영, 산청, 금능, 월성, 울릉, 완도, 나주, 고창, 장수, 제주 및 북제주)에서 수집된 콩의 지역개체군들을 대상으로 종자 내에 함유된 mannose와 galactose의 정량분석을 실시하였다. 각 지역별 mannose의 함량은 최저 6.648mg/g (금산)에서 최고 12.207mg/g(고창)의 범위 내에서 다양하게 나타났다. Galactose의 지역별 함량 역시, 최고 16.949mg/g(북제주)에서 최저 9.967mg/g(단양)에 이르는 다양한 수치를 보였다. 환경적응과 관련한 생태지표로서 종자의 경실도(硬實度, seed hardness)를 의미하는 mannose/galactose 함량비를 산출한 결과, 지역에 따라 0.63~0.78의 값을 나타내었다. mannose/galactose 함량비와 지리적 기후구분에 대응하여 콩의 19개 지역개체군 들은 크게 내륙 I형(월성, 장수, 단양), 해안 I형(고창, 나주, 제주, 고성, 울릉, 북제주, 강화, 서천, 통영), 내륙 II형(금산, 포천, 평창) 및 해안 II형(완도, 진천) 등 4가지 변이유형으로 구분되었고 이질적인 2개 지역개체군(금릉과 산청)은 유형구분에서 배제하였다. 이러한 형질분화의 요인으로는 육종이나 기타 다양한 인위적 도태압에 크게 의존하는 재배식물에 있어서도 기후요인과 같은 재배지의 특수한 자연환경조건에 대한 보편적인 적응이 지속적으로 이루어진 결과로 해석된다. 따라서 콩 종자에서 나타나는 mannose/galactose 함량비의 다양성 및 기후형에 대응적인 함량비 서열상의 변이유형 분화는 자연도태와 관련한 재배식물의 미진화 현상에 대한 구체적인 증거의 하나로서 종생태학적인 의의가 큰 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권3호
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• pp.379-388
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• 1999

우리 나라에 적용할 산림용 종자 산지구분(塵地區分)의 첫 단계로 임목집단의 유전생태적 분화에 영향이 큰 연평균 온도, 극한 최저온도, 생육기간중 상대습도, 일조량, 건조지수 등 기상인자를 척도로 수평적 산지를 구분하였다. 적용한 산지구분의 개념은 전형적인 산지구분 형태인 수종별 구분법보다는 전 수종을 포함한 생태지역 개념의 산지구분법에 따랐다. 산림대를 대구분 단위로 하여 산림대별(난대, 온대남부, 온대중부, 온대북부)로 기본구역을 설정하여 유집분석을 근거로 난대 3, 온대남부 6, 온대중부 8, 온대북부 2로 총 19개의 수평적 산지로 구분하였다. 적용한 6개의 척도중 연평균 온도, 극한 최저온도, 생장일수는 산림대별로 난대에서 온대북부 방향으로 일정한 경향을 보였으며 상대습도, 일조량 및 건조지수에서는 일정한 경향을 보이지는 않았으나 산지간에는 많은 차이를 보여 이들 인자는 미세 환경인자에 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에 의해 구분된 산지는 구획 초기단계로 잠정적인 산지로 활용하면서 금후 생물기후도, 산지시험, 유전생태 자료 등이 축적되면 보완해 나갈 것이다.