• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2011

Chloroplast genetic engineering of higher plants offers several unique advantages compared with nuclear genome transformation, such as high levels of transgene expression, a lack of position effect due to site-specific transgene integration by homologous recombination, multigene engineering in a single transformation event and reducing risks of gene flow via pollen due to maternal inheritance. We established a reproducible chloroplast transformation system of potato using a tobacco specific plastid transformation vector, pCtVG (trnI-Prrn-aadA-mgfp-TpsbA-trnA). Stable transgene integration into chloroplast genomes and the homoplasmic state of the transgenome were confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. Northern, immunoblot analysis, and GFP fluorescence imaging revealed high expression and accumulation of GFP in the plastids of potato leaves. This system would provide new opportunities for genetic improvement and mass production of value added foreign proteins in this crop.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2013

In this study, 241 zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) accessions naturally growing in South Korea were collected in order to investigate the seed morphological traits. One of the goals of this study was to identify the morphological characteristics and variations of zoysiagrass seed. For the 241 zoysiagrasses accessions collected, a total of 41% (99 accessions) was interspecific hybrid zoysia, which showed various types of seed variations different from zoysiagrass species. Most of these hybrids zoysiagrasses were classified into Z. sinica type and Z. japonica type. Group I and II included Z. sinica type, this group showed 30.1 and 17.5 in number of seed per spike and 4.6 and 5.2 mm in seed length. Group III and IV included Z. japonica type, this group showed 59.2 and 45.8 in number of seed per spike and 3.3 and 3.4 mm in seed length. There is a need for additional research on growth characteristics and the molecular level for the interspecific hybridization which confirmed that genetic variation from level of gene flow between the species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.4 s.84
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• pp.470-475
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• 2007

Genus Sorbus is a long lived woody species. Plants of this genus are primarily distributed patchy throughout Asia and Europe. Sorbus commixta is primarily distributed throughout Europe. Eastern Asian Sorbus species are regarded as very important herbal medicines in Korea and China. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to investigate the genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis of four species of this genus in Korea. Although some Korean populations of these species were isolated and patchily distributed, they exhibited a high level of genetic diversity. Twenty-six primers revealed 205 loci, of which 128 were polymorphic (62.4%). S. commixta showed the highest diversity (0.165), whereas S. aucuparia showed the lowest diversity (0.109). The estimated gene flow (Nm) was low high among intra-species (mean Nm=0.755). A similarity matrix based on the proportion of shared fragments (GS) was used to evaluate relatedness among species. The estimate of GS ranged from 0.786 to 0.963. The molecular data allowed us to resolve well-supported clades in Korean taxa and European species. An addition, especially, species-specific markers for genus Sorbus by RAPD analysis may be useful in germ-plasm classification and agricultural process of several taxa of this genus.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2000

문명의 발달과 함께 수면부족으로 인한 여러 가지 스트레스와 질환이 증가하게 되어 최근 수면연구에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 온열환경 조건에서의 쾌적한 수면을 위한 온열환경을 제시하기 위해, 5명의 여성 피험자를 대상으로 22$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$의 일정온도 조건과 $25^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 후와 2시간 후에 각각 1, 2$^{\circ}C$를 상승시켜주는 변동온도 조건하에서 수면생리신호를 측정하였다. 그리고, 수면단계 평가를 이용하여 총 수면시간, 깊은 수면의 비율, 그리고 최초 수면시작 시간에서 최초의 서파 수면이 나타나기까지의 지연시간 등의 수면효율을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 일정온도 조건에서는 26$^{\circ}C$에서 총 수면시간(466.7$\pm$10.25분)과 깊은 수면의 비율(33.1$\pm$4.95%)은 타 조건에 비해 높게 나타났고, 최초 서파수면까지의 지연시간(9.8$\pm$3.33분)은 타 조건에 비해 낮게 나타나 쾌적한 수면을 위한 가장 적절한 온열조건임을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그리고 변동온도 조건에서는 4가지 온열조건간에는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 모든 조건에서 일정온도 조건보다는 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 수면 중 신체 움직임과 설문 분석에서도 동일한 결과를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해, 수면생리신호를 이용한 수면 쾌적성 분석은 수면의 질적인 상태를 관찰하는데 매우 적합한 파라메터를 도출할 수 있으며, 여러 가지 수면환경 조건을 평가하는데 매우 유용한 지표가 될 수 있음을 보였다.e results suggest that hCG treatment at 7 days after insemination could be used to increase the pregnancy rate of embryo transfer, and transfer, and only the recipients with PUN concentration of <12 mg/dl were influenced by treatment with hCG./TEX>이었으며, 이는 화성 기원을 지시한다.sucrose를 이용한 2단계 희석이 수정란의 생존성을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 발육 단계별 생존성에 있어서는 발육이 진전된 확장배 반포 시에 동결하는 것이 배반포기에 동결하는 것 보다 유리한 것으로 나타났다.ody를 사용하여 flow cytometery해석을 실시하는 한편 125I-hGH binding assay에 의하여 hGH binding activity를 측정하였다. 최종적으로 GH signal transduction의 target genedf으로 알려져 있는 serine protease inhibitor 2.1(Spi 2.1) gene의 promotor activity를 검토한 결과 hGHR을 transfect한 CHO Cell에 있어서 hGH의 농도에 의존적으로 증가되었다. 따라서 본 실험에서 cloning한 cDNA hGHR는 native hGHR와 같은 기능을 가지는 것으로 판명되었다.것으로 판명되었다..ments of that period left both in Japan and Korea. "Hyojedo" in Korea is supposed to have been influenced by the letter design. Asite- is also considered to

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.397-405
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• 2005

Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from hydrolysis of glucoraphanin in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, was shown to induce phase II detoxification enzymes and inhibit chemically induced mammary tumors in rodents. Recently, sulforaphane is known to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cells, however its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that sulforaphane acted to inhibit proliferation and induce morphological changes of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Treatment of HeLa cells with $10{\mu}M\;or\;15{\mu}M$ sulforaphane resulted in significant G2/M cell cycle arrest as determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, $20{\mu}M$ sulforaphane significantly induced the population of sub-G1 cells (9.83 fold of control). This anti-proliferative effect of sulforaphane was accompanied by a marked inhibition of cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)4 protein and concomitant induction of Cdc2, Cdk inhibitor p16 and p21. However, sulforaphane did not affect the levels of cyelooxygenases and telomere-regulatory gene products. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that sulforaphane may be a potential chemoprevetive/ chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of human cancer cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.1
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• pp.122-128
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• 2013

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure were estimated in nine natural populations of Exochorda serratifolia in South Korea using ISSR marker system. Average of polymorphic loci per primer was 5.8 (S.D.=2.32) and percentage of polymorphic loci per population was 78.7% with total 35 loci from 6 ISSR primers. In AMOVA, 27.8% of total genetic variation came from genetic difference among populations and 72.2% was resulted from difference among individual trees within populations. Genetic differentiations by Bayesian inference were 0.249 of ${\theta}^{11}$ and 0.227 of $G_{ST}$. Inbreeding coefficient for total populations was 0.412. There was significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance among populations. On the results of Bayesian cluster analysis, nine populations were assigned into three groups. The first group included 5 populations, and the second and the third had two populations per group, respectively. These three regions could explain 10.0% of total genetic variation from hierarchical AMOVA, and the levels of among-population and among-individual were explained 19.7% and 70.3%, respectively. The geographic distribution of populations following the three Bayesian clusters could be explained with mountain range as Baekdudaegan which is the main chain of mountains in Korea. The mountains as the physical barrier might hamper gene flow in the pearlbush. So when protected areas are designated for conservation of this species, we should consider those three regions into considerations and would better to choose at least one population per region.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2010

The genetic diversity and structure of P. tongkangensis in 5 populations from 3 regions was investigated using 56 markers derived from 6 ISSR primers. Genetic diversity at the species level (P=94.6, SI=0.377, h=0.240) was substantial considering the limited distribution and small size of populations. Genetic differentiation among regions (12%) and among populations (13%) in the region was not clearly evident, which suggested a moderate level of gene flow among adjacent populations. The Mantel test revealed a significant correlation between genetic differentiation (${\Phi}_{ST}$) and geographic distance among populations. This was supported by cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The significant difference in marker band frequency at many loci and their fixation in opposite directions in the smallest and most isolated population SC were considered due to genetic drift. Therefore, the genetic diversity of P. tongkangensis could be compromised if the distribution area or the size of the population was further reduced. In particular, small and isolated populations could be at great risk of extinction. Considering this, the unique habitats of P. tongkangensis should be protected and the reduction of population size should be closely monitored. Conservation efforts including the seeding and planting of seedlings should be done carefully based on their genetic and ecological traits. Our data support the argument that establishing an integrated management system for the efficient conservation of P. tongkangensis is critical.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.619-627
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• 2013

Deutzia paniculata Nakai is a Korean endemic species that has a very restricted distribution in Gyeongsang-do, South Korea. The genetic diversity and structure of five populations of D. paniculata were investigated using 31 ISSR loci from six primers. The Shannon's index (0.429) and genetic diversity (0.271) were relatively higher than those of other rare plant species in Korea. The Miryang (MY) and Yangsan (YS) populations, which have higher flowering rates than the other populations, showed greater genetic diversity than the other populations. An analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 16% of the total variation could be attributed to differences among the populations, and 84% to the differences within populations, indicating moderate gene flow among adjacent populations. The high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation in the Deutzia paniculata populations, which have a restricted distribution, is considered to be affected by outcrossing of the mating system and abundant individuals in the populations. These results suggest that ex situ conservation strategies are needed to sustain the current genetic diversity of D. paniculata.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1007-1011
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity and relationships that discriminate between Korean native black goat populations (Dangjin, Jangsu, Tongyoung, and Gyeongsang National University strains) and crossbred goats. Monomorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each strain were collected, and 133 common SNPs were selected for analysis. These 133 monomorphic SNPs showed differences in the genetic structure of the Korean native black goat and crossbred goats, and results from the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the two can be clearly separated. Furthermore, analysis of the validation population comprising 70 individuals (Korean native black goats, n = 24; crossbred goats, n = 46) with the reference population showed that Korean native black goat strains and the reference population have the same genetic structure, and the crossbred goats shared only part of the genetic structure with the reference population. The result of the PCA analysis showed that the Korean native black goat strains form one population, whereas the foreign strains form another population which is more widely dispersed than the Korean native black goat strains. Thus, the results from this study can be used as baseline data for the conservation of genetic resources of Korean native black goat communities through utilization of monomorphic SNPs and for the introduction of exotic species for further improvement in genetic diversity. This study can also help reduce unnecessary inbreeding and gene flow between native strains.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 2011

Background: The leukocyte common antigen (CD45) is a transmembrane-type protein tyrosine phosphatase that has five isoforms. Methods: We generated seven murine mAbs against human CD45 by injecting cells from different origins, such as human thymocytes, PBMCs, and leukemic cell lines. By using various immunological methods including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, we evaluated the reactivity of those mAbs to CD45 of thymus as well as tonsil lysates. Furthermore, we transiently transfected COS-7 cells with each of gene constructs that express five human CD45 isoforms respectively, and examined the specificities of the mAbs against the transfected isoforms. Results: In case of thymocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes, all the seven mAbs demonstrated positive reactivities whereas none was reactive to erythrocytes and platelets. The majority of immune cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded thymus and tonsil tissues displayed strong membranous immunoreactivity, and the main antigen was detected near 220 kDa in all cases. Among the mAbs, four mAbs (AP4, DN11, SHL-1, and P6) recognized a region commonly present in all the five isoforms. One mAb, YG27, recognized four isoforms (ABC, AB, BC, and O). Two mAbs, P1 and P14, recognized the isoforms that contain exon A encoded regions (ABC and AB). Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that AP4, DN11, SHL-1, YG27 and P6, are mAbs reactive with the CD45 antigen whereas P1 and P14 are reactive with the CD45RA antigen.