• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1999.07b
• /
• pp.985-987
• /
• 1999

In this Paper, speed controller design for disturbance system is explained robust control for disturbance. This paper usig CDM. It has highest sensitivity in plant variation and disturbance. After that computer simulation were executed to confirm ability of compared with PID controller.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.102-104
• /
• 1998

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.812-814
• /
• 1994

The esophageal cyst result from a wrong cleavage of the primitive gut in the 4 weeks embryo. In embryo and after seperation of the tracheal diverticulum, the esophagus is lined with ciliated cells which are able cover a "cystic duplication". It is often difficult to distinguish between the bronchogenic and the esophageal cyst. Pathological findings showed the presence of a ciliated epithelium without cartilage which was diagnosed as an esophageal cyst. The patient was 21 year old man for evaluation of the cyst in the posterior mediastinum. The cyst was located the intramural esophagus. Microscopically, the cyst was lined with ciliated columnar epithelium and there was no evidence of cartilage. The cyst was confirmed as the intramural esophageal cyst.geal cyst.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.454-458
• /
• 2010

Velopharyngeal insufficiency is defined as a status in which nasal cavity and oral cavity can not be sepa-rated when speaking, swallowing by any reason. It has been treated by palatorrhaphy, pharyn-geal flap, local flap, free flap etc. When the size of the defect is small, it can be restored by palatorrhaphy, pharyngeal flap etc. But they are not proper for treatment of the large size of defect. In that case, local flap and free flap are more beneficial. Although large defect can be restored by free flap technique, but it is very complex, time-consuming and may bring about esthetical, functional complications of donor site. Buccinator myomucosal flap is a kind of local flap and reported for the first time by Bozola et al in 1989 and it has become a useful way for reconstruction of large intraoral defect. Authors experienced the use of buccinators myomucosal flap for treating secondary velopharyngeal insufficiency with large soft palate defect and obtained good result. So we report the case with literature reviews.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.677-682
• /
• 1994

A number of 7-[3-hydroxy-(4-methylthio or 3-methylthiomethyl)pyrrolidinyl]quinoline-3-carboxylic acids were synthesized by condensation of 7-fluoro substituted quinoline-3-carboxylic acid with 3-hydroxy-4-methylthiopyrrolidine or 3-hydroxy-4-methylthiomethylpyrrolidine. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of them were tested against twenty species of Gram-positive or Gram-negative microorganisms. It showed remarkable antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive microorganisms. Among those 1-cyclopropyl-5-amino-6,8-difluoro 7-(3-hydroxy-4-methylthiomethylpyrrolidinyl)-1,4-dihyd ro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid(12d) and 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methylthiometby1pyrrolinyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinocarboxylic acid(12g) showed the most potent in vitro antibacterial activity, and 12d showed better antibacterial activity against MRSA compared to ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.197-201
• /
• 1994

A number of 7-[(3-methylthio or methylthiomethyl)pyrrolidiny]qui nolone-3-carboxylic acids were synthesized by condensation of 7-fluoro substituted quinolone-3-carboxylic acid with 3-methylthiopyrrolidine or 3-methylthiomet hylpyrrolidne. 3-Methylthiopyrrolidine or 3-methylthio-methylpyrrolidine which was prepared from N-benzyl-3-hydroxy pyrrolidine or 3-hydroxymethylpyrrolidine. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of them were tested against twenty species of Gram-positive or Gram-negative microorganisms. It showed remarkable antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive microorganisms. Among those 1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-methylthiomethy-lpyrrolidinyl)-1,4-d ihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid(7d) and 1-cyclopropyl-6- fluoro-8-chloro-7-(3-methylthiomethyl pyrrolidinyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (7f) showed the most potent in vitro antibacterial activity.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2008.11b
• /
• pp.2021-2034
• /
• 2008

This paper shows the result of study on the process improvement/innovation based on CMMI(Capability Maturity Model Integration) for Development V1.2 staged representation in the view of engineering area of software, hardware and system. This paper intend to help rolling stock industry to define & innovate process and finally obtain certificate for achievement of CMMI V1.2 from SEI authorized SCAMPI Lead Appraiser through the introduction experienced by Hyundai Rotem Company(car-builder and supplier of electronic & electrical equipment) such as why CMMI-based process definition & improvement are planned and how each processes of CMMI V1.2 Level 3 have been implementing and how obtaining the certificate of CMMI Maturity Level 3 of CMMI for Development V1.2 staged representation etc. This paper shows the introduction to CMMI V1.2 model, process improvement methodology and CMMI appraisal on the basis of Standard $CMMI^{SM}$ Appraisal Method for Process Improvement($SCAMPI^{SM}$), V1.2. And, this paper shows about what kinds of activities/practices of 18 processes(CMMI Maturity Level 3) is essentially implemented to satisfy their's specific goal and general geal through Hyundai Rotem Company's experiences. This paper shows the advantage and problem by adopting CMMI V1.2 model. Especially, it present the corrective/preventive actions against the identified problem in order to improve processes.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2020

Background and Objectives: Hearing can be elicited in response to vibratory stimuli delivered to fluid in the external auditory meatus. To obtain a complete audiogram in subjects with normal hearing in response to pure tone vibratory stimuli delivered to fluid applied to the external meatus. Subjects and Methods: Pure tone vibratory stimuli in the audiometric range from 0.25 to 6.0 kHz were delivered to fluid applied to the external meatus of eight participants with normal hearing (15 dB or better) using a rod attached to a standard clinical bone vibrator. The fluid thresholds obtained were compared to the air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC; mastoid), and soft tissue conduction (STC; neck) thresholds in the same subjects. Results: Fluid stimulation thresholds were obtained at every frequency in each subject. The fluid and STC (neck) audiograms sloped down at higher frequencies, while the AC and BC audiograms were flat. It is likely that the fluid stimulation audiograms did not involve AC mechanisms or even, possibly, osseous BC mechanisms. Conclusions: The thresholds elicited in response to the fluid in the meatus likely reflect a form of STC and may result from excitation of the inner ear by the vibrations induced in the fluid. The sloping fluid audiograms may reflect transmission pathways that are less effective at higher frequencies.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2020

Background and Objectives: Hearing can be elicited in response to vibratory stimuli delivered to fluid in the external auditory meatus. To obtain a complete audiogram in subjects with normal hearing in response to pure tone vibratory stimuli delivered to fluid applied to the external meatus. Subjects and Methods: Pure tone vibratory stimuli in the audiometric range from 0.25 to 6.0 kHz were delivered to fluid applied to the external meatus of eight participants with normal hearing (15 dB or better) using a rod attached to a standard clinical bone vibrator. The fluid thresholds obtained were compared to the air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC; mastoid), and soft tissue conduction (STC; neck) thresholds in the same subjects. Results: Fluid stimulation thresholds were obtained at every frequency in each subject. The fluid and STC (neck) audiograms sloped down at higher frequencies, while the AC and BC audiograms were flat. It is likely that the fluid stimulation audiograms did not involve AC mechanisms or even, possibly, osseous BC mechanisms. Conclusions: The thresholds elicited in response to the fluid in the meatus likely reflect a form of STC and may result from excitation of the inner ear by the vibrations induced in the fluid. The sloping fluid audiograms may reflect transmission pathways that are less effective at higher frequencies.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study evaluated the treatment effectiveness and proper radiation dose of helical tomotherapy (HT) in spine oligometastases from gastrointestinal cancers. Materials and Methods: From 2006 to 2010, 20 gastrointestinal cancer patients were treated with HT for spine oligometastases (31 spine lesions). The gross tumor volume (GTV) was the tumor evident from magnetic resonance imaging images fused with simulation computed tomography images. Clinical target volume (CTV) encompassed involved vertebral bodies or dorsal elements. We assumed that the planning target volume was equal to the CTV. We assessed local control rate after HT for 31 spine metastases. Pain response was scored by using a numeric pain intensity scale (NPIS, from 0 to 10). Results: Spine metastatic lesions were treated with median dose of 40 Gy (range, 24 to 51 Gy) and median 5 Gy per fraction (range, 2.5 to 8 Gy) to GTV with median 8 fractions (range, 3 to 20 fraction). Median biologically equivalent dose (BED, ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ = 10 Gy) was 52 $Gy_{10}$ (range, 37.5 to 76.8 $Gy_{10}$) to GTV. Six month local control rate for spine metastasis was 90.3%. Overall infield failure rate was 15% and outfield failure rate was 75%. Most patients showed pain relief after HT (93.8%). Median local recurrence free survival was 3 months. BED over 57 $Gy_{10}$ and oligometastases were identified as prognostic factors associated with improved local progression free survival (p = 0.012, P = 0.041). Conclusion: HT was capable of delivering higher BED to metastatic lesions in close proximity of the spinal cord. Spine metastases from gastrointestinal tumors were sensitive to high dose radiation, and BED (${\alpha}/{\beta}$ = 10 Gy) higher than 57 $Gy_{10}$ could improve local control.