• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of water extract of Ojayeonjonghwan (OYH) in GC-1 germ cell lines. Methods : DPPH radical scavenging activity and cell viability assays in GC-1 germ cell lines were performed. In addition, the protective effects of OYH against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in GC-1 germ cell lines were examined by measuring cell viability after H2O2 treatmet. The formation of ROS and the antioxidant enzymes activity such as SOD and catalase were measured in the same condition. Results : OYH scavenged DPPH radical dose-dependent manner and the IC50 was 63.79 ㎍/ml. OYH showed no cytotoxicity at concentration of 1, 10, 100 ㎍/ml. The hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of GC-1 germ cell lines was protected to 53.66% by OYH at concentration of 10 ㎍/ml. OYH effectively inhibited ROS production in GC-1 germ cell lines. Mn SOD and catalase protein expression were significantly increased in GC-1 germ cell lines, but Cu/Zn SOD protein expression was not significantly changed. Conclusions : In conclusion, OYH has antioxidant activities against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in GC-1 germ cell lines.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.197-208
• /
• 2023

Dysregulation of certain long non-coding RNAs may facilitate tumor initiation and progression. However, numerous carcinogenesis-related long noncoding RNAs have not been characterized. The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of LINC00562 in gastric cancer (GC). The expression of LINC00562 was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The proliferative capacity of GC cells was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony-formation assays. The migration of GC cells were evaluated using wound-healing assays. The apoptosis of GC cells was assessed by measuring the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2). Xenograft models in nude mice were constructed for in vivo functional analysis of LINC00562. The binding relationship between miR-4636 and LINC00562 or adaptor protein complex 1 sigma 3 (AP1S3), obtained from public databases, was confirmed using dual-luciferase and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation experiments. LINC00562 was expressed in GC cells at high levels. Knockdown of LINC00562 repressed GC cell growth and migration, promoted apoptosis in vitro, and inhibited tumor growth in nude mouse models. LINC00562 directly targeted miR-4636, and miR-4636 depletion restored the GC cell behavior inhibited by LINC00562 absence. AP1S3, an oncogene, binds to miR-4636. MiR-4636 downregulation increased AP1S3 level, restoring GC cell malignant behaviors inhibited by AP1S3 downregulation. Thus, LINC00562 exerts carcinogenic effects on GC development by targeting miR-4636-mediated AP1S3 signaling.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권16호
• /
• pp.6543-6546
• /
• 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as critical regulators of genes involved in many biological processes. Aberrant alteration of miRNAs have been found in many cancers, including gastric cancer (GC), but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we investigated the role of miR-124 in GC. We found that its expression was significantly reduced in both GC tissue samples and cell lines. Forced expression of miR-124 suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK1) was identified as a direct target of miR-124 in GC cells. Finally, silencing of ROCK1 showed similar effects as miR-124 overexpression, while supplementation of ROCK1 remarkably restored the cell growth and invasion inhibited by miR-124. Together, our data demonstrate that miR-124 acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting ROCK1, and posit miR-124 as a novel strategy for GC treatment.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.188-193
• /
• 2024

Gastric cancer (GC), a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, remains a significant challenge despite recent therapeutic advancements. In this study, we explore the potential of targeting cell surface glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) with antibodies as a novel therapeutic approach for GC. Our comprehensive analysis of GRP94 expression across various cancer types, with a specific focus on GC, revealed a substantial overexpression of GRP94, highlighting its potential as a promising target. Through in vitro and in vivo efficacy assessments, as well as toxicological analyses, we found that K101.1, a fully human monoclonal antibody designed to specifically target cell surface GRP94, effectively inhibits GC growth and angiogenesis without causing in vivo toxicity. Furthermore, our findings indicate that K101.1 promotes the internalization and concurrent downregulation of cell surface GRP94 on GC cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that cell surface GRP94 may be a potential therapeutic target in GC, and that antibody-based targeting of cell surface GRP94 may be an effective strategy for inhibiting GRP94-mediated GC growth and angiogenesis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.139-151
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Globally, there is a high incidence of gastric cancer (GC). Leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) is reported to play a vital role in several human malignancies. However, there is limited understanding of the role of LETM1 in GC. This study aims to investigate the effects of LETM1 on proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of LETM1 in the normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES-1) and GC cells were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays were performed to evaluate the effect of LETM1 knockdown or overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the GC cells, respectively. Additionally, the effect of LETM1 knockdown or overexpression on GC cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the effect of LETM1 knockdown or overexpression on the expression levels of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins was evaluated by western blotting. Results: The GC cells exhibited markedly higher mRNA and protein expression levels of LETM1 than the GES-1 cells. Additionally, the knockdown of LETM1 remarkably suppressed the GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of GC cells, which were reversed upon LETM1 overexpression. Furthermore, the western blotting analysis indicated that LETM1 facilitates GC progression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions: LETM1 acts as an oncogenic gene to promote GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, LETM1 may be a potential target for GC diagnosis and treatment.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2001

Background : Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) play key roles during T cell-dependent humoral immune responses by allowing antigen-specific B cells to survive, proliferate, and differentiate within the FDC networks of secondary follicles, i.e., germinal centers (GC). Methods: A novel monoclonal antibody, 3C8, was generated by immunizing with an FDC line HK, in order to understand the molecular signals involved in the FDC-B cell interactions in the microenvironment of the GC. Results: The 3C8 antibody did not bind to mononuclear cells, including T cells, B cells, and monocytes. Murine L929 and human skin fibroblasts exhibited no or little reactivity to 3C8. However, 3C8 specifically recognized HK cells by flowcytometry. Furthermore, the antigen recognized by 3C8 was restricted to the GC of the human tonsil. Dendritic networks of the GC were intensely stained by 3C8, but cells outside the GC were not. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the antigen 3C8 may play some unique role on FDCs during the GC reactions.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.38-42
• /
• 2006

When whole cells are subjected to pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis, it provides biochemical profiles containing overlapping signals of the majority of compounds. To determine marker compounds that discriminate embryogenic calluses from nonembryogenic calluses, samples of embryogenic and nonembryogenic calluses of five higher plant species were subjected to Py-GC/MS. Genetic programming of Py-GC/MS data was able to discriminate embryogenic calluses from nonembryogenic calluses. The content ratio of 5-meyhyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde was greater in nonembryogenic calluses than in embryogenic calluses. However, the content ratio of phenol, p-cresol, and $^1H-indole$ in embryogenic calluses was 1.2 to 2.4 times greater than the ratio in nonembryogenic calluses. These pyrolysates seem to be derived from the components of the cell walls, which suggests that differences in cell wall components or changes in the architecture of the cell wall playa crucial role in determining the embryogenic competence of calluses.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.8.1-8.17
• /
• 2024

Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) play a crucial role in generating high-affinity antibodies (Abs) and establishing immunological memory. Cytokines, among other functional molecules produced by Tfh, are central to germinal center (GC) reactions. This review focuses on the role of cytokines, including IL-21 and IL-4, in regulating B cell responses within the GC, such as differentiation, affinity maturation, and plasma cell development. Additionally, this review explores the impact of other cytokines like CXCL13, IL-10, IL-9, and IL-2 on GC responses and their potential involvement in autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer. This review highlights contributions of Tfh-derived cytokines to both protective immunity and immunopathology across a spectrum of diseases. A deeper understanding of Tfh cytokine biology holds promise for insights into biomedical conditions.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2009

Objectives : Previously we reported that the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) increased sperm count and motility. also induced spermatogenesis via cAMP-responsive element modulator(CREM) activation in rat testes. In this study, for the first step of spermatogenesis in germ cell lines, the antioxidant activity of Panax ginseng were examined in mouse GC-1 spermatogonia cells. Methods : The extract was studied on diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, GC-1 cell viability by a modified MIT assay. H202-induced cytotoxicity by MIT assay and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. respectively. Results: The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical with the IC50 being 0.631 mg/mi. The extract at concentrations of 5, and 10, 50, 100, 250 ${\mu}$g/mi increased GC-1 cell viability significantly(p < 0.05, and p < O.O1). Hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity (73.8%, p < O.O1) was blocked by the extract at concentrations of 50, and 100, 250, 500 ${\mu}$g/ml significantly (p < 0.05, and p < O.O1). The extract at concentrations of 10. and 50 ${\mu}$g/ml decreased the MDA formation on hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation. Conclusions : In conclusion, the extract of Panax ginseng has potent antioxidant activity and increases the survival rate of GC-1 spg cells against $H_20_2$-induced cytotoxicity.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 게르마늄을 함유한 비특이 면역증가제를 산란계에 급여하였을 때 계란품질 및 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사양시험은 32주령 ISA Brown 산란계 144수를 공시하였으며, 처리구로는 대조구(CON; 기초사료), 대조구 사료 내 게르마늄이 0.5 ppm(GC0.5), 1.0ppm(GC1.00) 처리구로 구성되었다. 총 40 일간의 사양시험 기간동안, 난각강도에 있어서는 GC0.5처리구가 대조구 및 GC10. 처리구보다 유의적으로 낮게 평가되었다(quadratic effect, p<0.01). 난각두께에 있어서는 대조구와 처리구간에 통계적으로 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 난황색은 대조구와 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 난황계수에 있어서는 GC1.0 처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 높게 평가되었다(quadratic effect, P<0.02). 혈청내 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 함량에 있어서는 GC의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 또한, 혈청 내 HDL 및 LDL+VLDL 콜레스테롤 함량에 있어서는 GC0.5 처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 가장 낮게 평가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 혈중 내 적혈구 및 백혈구 농도는 비특이 면역증가제의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(linear effect, p<0.01) . 혈중내 hematocrit 함량은 대조구와 비교하여 게르마늄 용질액을 첨가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다(linear effect, p<0.01). 결론적으로, 산란계 사료내 GC의 첨가는 난각특성에는 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 사료되나, 산란계의 면역활성화를 유도할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.