• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.350-359
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 팜 부산물인 empty fruit bunch (EFB)의 시료 특성을 분석하고 유동형 열분해기를 이용하여 $400{\sim}550^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 체류시간 1.3초간 급속열분해 공정을 진행하였다. 또한, 반응온도에 따른 열분해 주요 산물(바이오오일, 바이오차, 가스)의 수율과 물리화학적 특성 변화를 구명하였다. EFB의 화학조성 및 원소분석을 통해 시료 내 칼륨 함량이 8400 ppm으로 많은 것을 확인하였다. 열중량분석에서 나타난 특성으로 볼 때 EFB 시료 내 칼륨의 촉매작용에 의해 셀룰로오스의 분해가 촉진된 것으로 추측된다. $500^{\circ}C$까지의 온도범위에서는 바이오오일의 수율이 증가하고 가스의 수율이 감소하였으며 바이오차는 수율에 큰 변화가 없었던 반면, $500{\sim}550^{\circ}C$까지의 온도범위에서는 바이오오일과 바이오차의 수율이 감소하였고 가스의 수율이 증가하였다. 각 조건별로 생성된 바이오오일은 수분함량 20~30%, 발열량 15~17 MJ/kg 범위의 값을 나타냈으며, 점도 11 cSt (centistoke), 전산가(total acid number) 100 mg KOH/g oil 미만으로 나타났다. 기체크로마토그래프 분석을 통해 EFB 바이오오일로부터 셀룰로오스계 화합물(9종)과 리그닌계 화합물(17종)을 확인하였다. 리그닌계 화합물 중 특히 phenol이 다량 검출되었으며 이는 전체 화합물 농도의 25%에 해당하는 양이다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatty acid profiles in 18 soybean cultivars grown in Korea. A total of eleven fatty acids were identified in the sample set, which was comprised of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1, ${\omega}7$), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1, ${\omega}9$), linoleic (C18:2, ${\omega}6$), linolenic (C18:3, ${\omega}3$), arachidic (C20:0), gondoic (C20:1, ${\omega}9$), behenic (C22:0), and lignoceric (C24:0) acids by gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Based on their color, yellow-, black-, brown-, and green-colored cultivars were denoted. Correlation coefficients (r) between the nine major fatty acids identified (two trace fatty acids, myristic and palmitoleic, were not included in the study) were generated and revealed an inverse association between oleic and linoleic acids (r=-0.94, p<0.05), while stearic acid was positively correlated to arachidic acid (r=0.72, p<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the fatty acid data yielded four significant principal components (PCs; i.e., eigenvalues>1), which together account for 81.49% of the total variance in the data set; with PC1 contributing 28.16% of the total. Eigen analysis of the correlation matrix loadings of the four significant PCs revealed that PC1 was mainly contributed to by oleic, linoleic, and gondoic acids, PC2 by stearic, linolenic and arachidic acids, PC3 by behenic and lignoceric acids, and PC4 by palmitic acid. The score plots generated between PC1-PC2 and PC3-PC4 segregated soybean cultivars based on fatty acid composition.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2014

화장품에 사용되는 방부제로는 가격이 저렴하고 방부효과가 좋은 파라벤류, 페녹시에탄올 및 클로로페네신 등이 일반적으로 사용된다. 하지만, 최근들어 이들 방부제가 독성과 피부 자극을 유발할 수 있다는 소비자들의 인식으로 인하여 항균 작용이 있는 직쇄상 1,2-알칸디올로 대체되고 있는 추세이다. 하지만, 항균 작용의 직쇄상 1,2-알칸디올도 피부에 자극을 줄 수 있어 제한적으로 사용되어야 하므로 화장품 내 함량을 관리하는 것이 중요하다. 본 실험에서는 가스크로마토그래피 불꽃이온화검출기(GC/FID)를 이용하여 화장품에서 3종의 직쇄상 1,2-알칸디올류 중, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-octanediol을 동시 분석하였다. 분석법 Validation 결과 특이성을 확인할 수 있었고, 3종의 직쇄상 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-octanediol의 검량선은 $100{\sim}1,200{\mu}g/g$의 농도 범위에서 상관계수가 0.999 이상의 양호한 직선성을 나타내었다. 검출한계(LOD)와 정량한계(LOQ)는 각각 31, 40, $19{\mu}g/g$와 98, 108, $57{\mu}g/g$로 나타났다. 화장품 내 함량에 대한 정밀성(반복성)은 2.0% 이하의 상대표준편차(% RSD)를 나타냈고, 정확성(회수율)은 99.3 ~ 103.3%, 99.4 ~ 106.7%, 97.5 ~ 107.3%로 각각 나타났다. 따라서 화장품 내에서 3종의 1,2-알칸디올류의 동시 분석이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 본 시험법은 3종의 1,2-알칸디올류를 화장품에서 정확하게 정량하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

Pale ale류에 속하는 수입산 시판 맥주 3종과 신제품 맥주를 대상으로 일반적 품질특성과 향기패턴 및 맛의 성향을 비교하였다. 그 결과 신제품은 4.35%의 알콜 함량을 나타냈으며 B.U.는 3.5, 색도는 34.43(EBC), sweetness는 $2.28^{\circ}P$, pH는 3.96, 총산은 5.21, 폴리페놀은 181.22 mg/L의 함량을 보였다. 전자코에 의한 향기패턴의 경우 시판 맥주와는 구분되어 다른 향기특성을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, GC를 이용한 총 14종의 휘발성분 중 ethyl acetate, isobutanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl hexanoate 함량의 차이를 보였고 그 외 물질들은 시판 맥주와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 전자혀 분석에서는 시판 맥주에 비하여 NB의 신맛이 부족한 것으로 나타났으며 맥주의 주요한 쓴맛을 나타내는 성분 중 하나인 quinine을 정량 한 결과 시판 맥주에서의 농도는 1.5-1.8 mg/L 사이로 나타났다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제24권
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

고문서 보관을 위해 사용되고 있는 오동나무상자의 항균활성을 측정하기 위해 오동나무로부터 방출된 휘발성 물질에 대한 항균활성과 휘발성 유기물질의 주성분을 정성분석 하였다. 항균활성은 상자 내부에 TSA 배지를 장착한 미생물 포집기를 설치하고 포집 후 배지에 성장한 미생물의 집락수를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 실외에서 포집한 배지의 집락수 85개 대비 14.82%가 감소한 72개 집락수가 관찰되었다. 포집된 공기질을 열탈착시스템 및 가스크로마토그래피/질량분석법을 통해 분석한 결과, 오동나무 상자 내 VOCs에서 limonene이 특징적으로 검출되었다. Eugenol과 anethole을 주성분으로 하는 천연 살생물제 I과 II를 상자 내에 첨가하여 훈증에 의한 항균활성을 측정한 결과, 약제 모두 실외와 오동나무 상자 내부에서 포집된 미생물 개체수 대비 각각 92.6%, 99.9% 이상 감소율을 보였다. 위의 결과로부터 사용된 오동나무 상자로부터 방출된 휘발성 유기화합물에 의한 항균활성 및 그 유효성분은 분석되지 않았으며, 생물피해로부터 고서적을 장기보관하기 위한 유물 보관함의 효율을 증진시키기 위해 천연 살생물제의 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.98-108
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• 2015

Staphylococcus aureus is an important foodborne pathogen that causes diverse diseases ranging from minor infections to life-threatening conditions in humans and animals. To further understand its pathogenesis, the genome of the strain S. aureus FORC_001 was isolated from a contaminated food. Its genome consists of 2,886,017 bp double-stranded DNA with a GC content of 32.8%. It is predicted to contain 2,728 open reading frames, 57 tRNAs, and 6 rRNA operons, including 1 additional 5S rRNA gene. Comparative phylogenetic tree analysis of 40 complete S. aureus genome sequences using average nucleotide identity (ANI) revealed that strain FORC_001 belonged to Group I. The closest phylogenetic match was S. aureus MRSA252, according to a whole-genome ANI (99.87%), suggesting that they might share a common ancestor. Comparative genome analysis of FORC_001 and MRSA252 revealed two non-homologous regions: Regions I and II. The presence of various antibiotic resistance genes, including the SCCmec cluster in Region I of MRSA252, suggests that this strain might have acquired the SCCmec cluster to adapt to specific environments containing methicillin. Region II of both genomes contains prophage regions but their DNA sequence identity is very low, suggesting that the prophages might differ. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of S. aureus isolated from a real foodborne outbreak in South Korea. This report would be helpful to extend our understanding about the genome, general characteristics, and virulence factors of S. aureus for further studies of pathogenesis, rapid detection, and epidemiological investigation in foodborne outbreak.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.449-460
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• 2014

Since the emergence of domestically produced automobiles in 1964, the number of automobiles in circulation in South Korea has increased constantly. With this rapidly increasing number of automobiles, automobile-induced environmental pollution has become an issue of great concern, especially with regard to air pollution. Of the carbon composites contained in automobile exhaust gas, PAHs are known to be carcinogenic and highly deleterious to humans and thus need to be urgently mitigated. To address this issue of PAHs, this study was conducted to estimate qualitative of particulate PAHs contained in carbon composites in automobile exhaust gas, by capturing all particulate matter discharged from the latter. To allow for differentiated analyses, the automobiles investigated were divided into 4 groups: gasoline vehicle, motocycle, diesel vehicle, and LPG vehicle. Samples were analyzed using two methods. First, in-depth analysis was performed on organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) composites with analysis parameters, using the Thermal Optical Transmittance Method (NIOSH 5040). Second, for the examination of particulate PAHs, GC/MSD was used to analyze the 16 PAH species specified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The analyses yielded the findings that diesel vehicles had the highest mass concentration ($2,007{\mu}g/m^3$), followed by motocycle ($1,066{\mu}g/m^3$), LPG vehicle ($392{\mu}g/m^3$), and gasoline vehicles ($270{\mu}g/m^3$). The highest carbon concentrations in total particulate matter by vehicle weight were produced from LPG vehicle (79.8%), followed by gasoline vehicle (77.4%), motocycle (69.8%), and diesel vehicle (59.1%).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.633-648
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• 2010

The study was performed to elucidate the characteristics of VOCs at distinct monitoring sites in urban atmosphere; one is at a roadside in downtown inland city of Jeonju, and the other is at an industrial site in Gunsan near coastal area. The ambient samples were collected for 24 hours in two-bed adsorbent tubes by using MTS-32 sequential tube sampler equipped with Flex air pump every 16 days in a roadside and a industrial complex from February to November in 2009. VOCs were determined by thermal desorption coupled with GC/MSD. Major individual VOCs in roadside samples were shown as following order in magnitude: toluene>m,p-xylene>ethyl benzene>decanal; and those in the industrial complex samples were as follows: toluene>ethanol>ethyl acetate>decanal>m,pxylene. High benzene concentration in the roadside was more frequently occurred than in the industrial complex. However ambient level of toluene in the industrial complex was higher than that in the road side. Results from roadside sample analysis showed that nonane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were very frequently observed with higher concentrations than those in the industrial complex. It seems that nonane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene could be the source characteristics for the roadside air. From the diurnal variation, it was found that concentrations of benzene, ethylbenzene, xylene, nonane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenznene in the roadside were higher during rush hours; but those in the industrial complex were higher from 10 to 16 LST when the industrial activities were animated. On weekly base, the concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m,p-xylene in the roadside were higher specifically on Wednesday, but those in the industrial complex were higher on Sunday. It was found that the general trends of VOCs levels at both sites significantly influence on seasonal changes. The results of factor analysis showed that the VOCs in the roadside were mainly affected by the emission of vehicles and the evaporation of diesel fuel, meanwhile those in the industrial complex were influenced by the evaporation of solvents and vehicular emission.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2016

독도에 자생하는 번행초의 뿌리로부터 순수 분리하여 형태적으로 상이한 17개의 내생균류를 선별하였다. 또한 분리된 균류들에 대하여 각각의 염농도와 pH 농도 구배에 따라 생장 시험을 확인하였다. 내생균류에 대해 각각 난장이벼의 유묘에 식물생장활성시험을 진행하였고, 그 결과 YH103 균주가 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 계통분석은 Maximum likelihood 방법을 활용하여 결합된 ITS영역, beta-tubulin 및 calmodulin 유전자 염기서열을 분석하여 분리된 균주의 유연관계를 분석하였다. YH103 균주의 배양여과액을 HPLC와 GC/MS SIM을 이용하여 분석한 결과 식물호르몬인 지베렐린 $GA_4$, $GA_7$, $GA_8$ 및 $GA_{19}$가 확인되었다. 최종적으로 YH103 균주의 형태학적 관찰 및 결합된 유전자 염기서열의 분자적 분석을 통해 GA를 생산하는 새로운 Aspergillus tubingensis로 동정되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.545-554
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• 2013

Plasmid isolation of kimchi-derived Weissella cibaria KLC140 revealed six different plasmids. The smallest plasmid, pKW2124, was DNA sequenced and characterized, showing 2,126 bp with a GC content of 36.39% and five putative open reading frames (ORFs). In silico analysis of these ORFs showed ORF1 encodes a putative replication protein similar to rolling circular replication proteins from other lactic acid bacteria. However, a single-stranded intermediate was not detected when S1 nuclease was treated, suggesting it may follow theta replication. Interestingly, the replication initiation site of this plasmid is 100% identical to other plasmids from lactic acid bacteria, suggesting it may function for replication initiation. To construct a surface layer expression vector, pTSLGFP, slpA encoding the surface layer protein from Lactobacillus acidophilus was PCR amplified and fused with the gfp gene, forming a SLGFP fused gene. The plasmid pKW2124 was cloned into the XbaI site of pUC19, forming an Weissella-E. coli shuttle vector pKUW22. NheI-linearized pTSLGFP was ligated into pKUWCAT containing pKUW22 and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene from pEK104, resulting in an 8.6 kb pKWCSLGFP surface layer expression vector. After transformation of this vector into W. cibaria KLC140, a GFP fluorescence signal was detected on the surface of the transformant, substantiating production of SLGFP fused protein and its secretion. This is the first report for construction of a Weissella surface layer expression vector, which may be useful for surface layer production of beneficial proteins in Weissella.