• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2014

Few dental procedures are potentially life-threatening. Note, however, that a dental extraction can result in preventable death. Severe post-extraction bleeding can occur, which may give rise to an alarming situation if there is any delay in detecting and managing the problem. The most immediate danger for a healthy patient with severe post-extraction hemorrhage is airway compromise. Acute airway obstruction from post-extraction hematoma is relatively uncommon, but it may occur with fatal consequences if there is any reluctance to maintain the airway clearance. Therefore, dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons should have clear understanding of the problem and measures to control it. Active bleeding that is not controlled by local measures in a dental office should be referred to the nearest hospital emergency department as soon as possible for appropriate management.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2017

Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of performing a second, repeat anterior maxillary distraction (AMD) to treat residual cleft maxillary hypoplasia. Materials and Methods: Five patients between the ages of 12 to 15 years with a history of AMD and with residual cleft maxillary hypoplasia were included in the study. Inclusion was irrespective of gender, type of cleft lip and palate, and the amount of advancement needed. Repeat AMD was executed in these patients 4 to 5 years after the primary AMD procedure to correct the cleft maxillary hypoplasia that had developed since the initial procedure. Orthopantomogram (OPG) and lateral cephalograms were taken for evaluation preoperatively, immediately after distraction, after consolidation, and one year postoperatively. The data obtained was tabulated and a Mann Whitney U-test was used for statistical comparisons. Results: At the time of presentation, a residual maxillary hypoplasia was observed with a well maintained distraction gap on the OPG which ruled out the occurrence of a relapse. Favorable movement of the segments without any resistance was seen in all patients. Mean maxillary advancement of 10.56 mm was achieved at repeat AMD. Statistically significant increases in midfacial length, SNA angle, and nasion perpendicular to point A distance was achieved (P=0.012, P=0.011, and P=0.012, respectively). Good profile was achieved for all patients. Minimal transient complications, for example anterior open bite and bleeding episodes, were managed. Conclusion: Addressing the problem of cleft maxillary hypoplasia at an early age (12-15 years) is beneficial for the child. Residual hypoplasia may develop in some patients, which may require additional corrective procedures. The results of our study show that AMD can be repeated when residual deformity develops with the previous procedure having no negative impact on the results of the repeat procedure.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.503-508
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• 1999

We have investigated the physical and diffusion barrier property of Ti-Si-N film for Cu metallization. The ternary compound was deposited by using reactive rf magnetron sputtering of a TiSi$_2$target in an Ar/$N_2$gas mixture. Resistivities of the films were in range of 358$\mu$$\Omega$-cm, to 307941$\mu$$\Omega$-cm, and tended to increase with increasing the $N_2$/Ar flow rate ratio. The crystallization of the Ti-Si-N compound started to occur at 100$0^{\circ}C$ with the phases of TiN and Si$_3$N$_4$identified by using XRD(X-ray Diffractometer). The degree of the crystallization was influenced by the $N_2$/Ar flow ratio. The diffusion barrier property of Ti-Si-N film for Cu metallization was determined by AES, XRD and etch pit by secco etching, revealing the failure temperature of 90$0^{\circ}C$ in 43~45at% of nitrogen content. In addition, the very thin compound (10nm) with 43~45at% nitrogen content remained stable up to $700^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, thermal treatment in vacuum at $600^{\circ}C$ improved the barrier property of the Ti-Si-N film deposited at the $N_2$(Ar+$N_2$) ratio of 0.05. The addition of Ti interlayer between Ti-Si-N films caused the drastic decrease of the resistivity with slight degradation of diffusion barrier properties of the compound.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2020

고준위폐기물을 심지층에 처분하기 위한 공학적방벽의 구성 요소로는 처분용기, 완충재, 뒷채움재 등이 있다. 이 중 완충재는 처분용기와 근계암반 사이의 빈 공간에 설치되는 물질로써, 주변 지하수로부터 처분용기를 보호하며 방사성 핵종의 유출을 저지하는 등의 역할을 한다. 또한 처분용기에서 발생하는 고온의 열량은 완충재로 직접 전파되기에 완충재의 열전도도는 처분시스템의 안전성 평가에 있어 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 경주산 압축 벤토나이트 완충재의 열전도도 특성을 규명하였으며 실제 처분용기에서 발생되는 고온의 특성을 반영하여 상온에서 80~90℃까지의 범위에서 압축 벤토나이트의 열전도도를 측정하였다. 온도증가에 따라 압축 벤토나이트의 열전도도는 5~20% 가량 증가하였으며 초기 포화도가 클수록 열전도도 증가는 더 크게 나타났다.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.1060-1065
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• 2016

최근 비디오 시스템은 초고해상도 영상의 사용으로 병렬처리의 필요성이 대두되고 있고, 시스템은 ARM big.LITTLE 같은 비대칭 처리능력을 지닌 컴퓨팅 시스템이 도입되고 있다. 따라서, 이 같은 비대칭 컴퓨팅 환경에 최적화된 초고해상도 UHD 비디오 병렬처리 기법이 필요한 시점이다. 본 논문은 인코딩/디코딩 시에 비대칭 컴퓨팅 환경에 최적화 된 HEVC 타일(Tile) 분할 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방식은 (1) 비대칭 CPU 코어들의 처리능력과 (2) 비디오 크기별 연산 복잡도 분석 모델을 분석하여, (3) 각 코어에 최적화된 크기의 타일을 할당함으로써, 처리속도가 빠른 CPU 코어와 느린 코어의 인코딩/디코딩 시간차를 최소화한다. 이를 ARM기반의 비대칭 멀티코어 플랫폼에서 4K UHD 표준 영상을 대상으로 실험하였을 때, 평균 약 20%의 디코딩 시간 개선이 발생함을 확인하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.349-354
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• 1998

Bacillus subtillis YG-95가 생산하는 protease를 ammonium sulfate$(35{\sim}85%)$ precipitation, DEAE-separose 6B, sephadex G-100을 통해 분리, 정제하였고 정제된 효소의 특성을 조사하였다. SDS-PAGE로 확인된 효소의 분자량은 약 43 kilodalton이었다. 효소반응의 최적 pH 및 최적온도는 각각 약 pH 10.0와 $55^{\circ}C$이었으며, 효소는 $pH\;5{\sim}12$ 까지 넓은 pH범위에서 안정성을 보였고, $45^{\circ}C$까지의 온도에서 안정하였다. 본 효소는 $Fe^{3+}$와 $Al^{3+}$에 의해서 활성이 저해되었으며, 저해제 중에서는 O-Phenanthroline, PMSF, SDS에 의해서 80%이상 저해를 받았고 SPI에 대한 기질 친화도는 $K_m$은 1.28 mg/mL이었다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2009년도 한국우주과학회보 제18권2호
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• pp.43.3-43.3
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• 2009

Our previous study showed the intensity of the long LBH (1600 - 1715 ${\AA}$) was enhanced very much compared to that of the short LBH (1400 - 1500 ${\AA}$) when the characteristic energy of the precipitating electrons increased from 1 keV to > 7 keV, in accordance with the theoretical models. In this presentation, we would like to present the results of our study for new modeling results about previous report and even higher energy electrons. We selected the events in which the fluxes both in the low energy (100 eV ~ 20 keV) and in the high energy (170 ~ 360 keV) were enhanced, and examined the auroral spectra for these events observed simultaneously by the imaging spectrograph on the same spacecraft. While the accurate characteristic energy could not be determined because of the gap in the energy range, our result showed the intensity ratio of the long LBH to the short LBH ranged from 1.2 to 2.0 in these events, in contrast to 1.0 or smaller for the events in which the highest enhancement was seen only in the low energy. Our study suggests that intense auroras might be accompanied by high energy electrons above 20 keV.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.216-227
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to identify a relative importance and priority of the factors of Competencies of project team member. It aims to present the differential competency factors from a differentiated perspective by applying the Leadership Development Questionnaire, which is the competency dimension required for manager, to team member. (1) Background: The diverse needs of customers and companies, and the uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity, and volatility of the environment surrounding the company in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution threaten the survival of company. In this respect, companies should implement the project management approach and strive to increase the capabilities of each team member. (2) Methods: AHP method was used to prioritize which factors were considered more importance level and the gap of relative importance level between project manager group and team members group. (3) Results: In the analysis of the relative importance of the upper class, weights were derived in the order of managerial competence, intellectual competence, and emotional competence. The sub-factor that respondents prioritize was communication as the 1st priority, and it was analyzed in the order of strategic perspective, achieving, critical analysis and judgement, and vision and imagination. There were some differences in the ranking of the relative importance of achieving and vision and imagination attributes between the PM group and TM group, it was analyzed that there was no significant difference overall. (4) Implications: The results of this study confirmed the recognition that team members are required to have the same competencies as the project manager. And based on the priorities of the competencies required of team members, companies are expected to cultivate professional and competent team members, and expand the roles and authority of team members so that they can actively carry out projects.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

In this paper, for the first time, the electroanalytical study of Triethylenediamine, TEDA was done on a typically graphene modified carbon paste electrode (Gr/CPE) in pH=10.5 of phosphate buffer solutions (PBS). The surface morphology of the bare and modified electrodes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electro-oxidation of TEDA was investigated at the surface of modified electrode. The results revealed that the oxidation peak current of TEDA at the surface of Gr/CPE is 2.70 times than that shown at bare-CPE. A linear calibration plot was observed in the range of 1.0 to 202.0 ppm. In this way, the detection limit was found to be 0.18 ppm. The method was then successfully applied to determination of TEDA in aqueous samples obtained from two kinds of activated carbon from the masks of war. On the other hand, density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory and a conductor-like Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM) was used to calculate the $pK_a$ values of TEDA. The energies of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital ($E_{LUMO}$) and highest occupied molecular orbital ($E_{HOMO}$), gap energy (${\Delta}E$) and some thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy of TEDA and its conjugate acid ($HT^+$) were calculated. The results of calculated $pK_a$ were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2020

Google Trends is a useful tool not only for setting search periods, but also for providing search volume to specific countries, regions, and cities. Extant research showed that the big data from Google Trends could be used for an on-line market analysis of opinion sensitive products instead of an on-site survey. This study investigated the market share of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, which is in a great demand pharmaceutical product, based on big data analysis provided by Google Trends. In this case study, the consumer interest data from Google Trends were compared to the actual product sales of Top 3 TNF-α inhibitors (Enbrel, Remicade, and Humira). A correlation analysis and relative gap were analyzed by statistical analysis between sales-based market share and interest-based market share. Besides, in the country-specific analysis, three major countries (USA, Germany, and France) were selected for market share analysis for Top 3 TNF-α inhibitors. As a result, significant correlation and similarity were identified by data analysis. In the case of Remicade's biosimilars, the consumer interest in two biosimilar products (Inflectra and Renflexis) increased after the FDA approval. The analytical data showed that Google Trends is a powerful tool for market share estimation for biosimilars. This study is the first investigation in market share analysis for pharmaceutical products using Google Trends big data, and it shows that global and regional market share analysis and estimation are applicable for the interest-sensitive products.