• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.100-100
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• 2022

Hovenia dulcis is a herbal plant, which belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is a native of Japan, China and Korea. Its fruit stalk is called 'Jiguja' in Korea. It has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant in East Asia. It was reported to have detoxification effects on alcohol poisoning, and antioxidant, antidiabetic etc. Sample of 5 g was extracted with 50 mL of 70% EtOH. The supernatant was filtered by 0.45 ㎛ membrane filter before analysis. The UPLC system was performed on Waters alliance UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 ㎛) with a UV detector. The gradient system was a binary eluent of 0.1% formic acid in water(A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile(B) with gradient conditions as follows: Initial, 10% B; 1 min, 10% B; 4 min, 20% B; 10 min, 25% B; 12 min, 30% B; 14 min, 90% B; 17 min, 90% B; flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The samples were injected by 2 µL and were detected at UV 355 nm. As a result of analysis, chromatographic patterns appeared in two cases: samples analyzed for ampelopsin and myricetin, and samples analyzed for taxifolin and quercetin. Among the four compounds, the largest regional difference was found to be taxifolin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.738-744
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• 2012

Gastrodia elata Blume is used for a variety of purposes including treatment of inflammation in the Korean medicine. The present study investigated whether the G. elata extracts have the anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells. G. elata extracts showed an anti-inflammatory effects in the morphological and nitric oxide(NO) analysis, especially in hexane extract. So we investigated the hexane extract from G. elata in the following experiments. Hexane extract significantly inhibited the secretion of NO with protein level of inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. Hexane extract also inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses involving the degradation of cytosolic inhibitory(I)-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and the translocation of nuclear factor(NF)-${\kappa}Bp65$ to nucleus in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells by morphological analysis. Western blot analyse confirmed that I-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and NF-${\kappa}Bp65$ showed a similar pattern as morphological analysis. Our results suggest that G. elata extracts, especially hexane extract, may act as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory disease in the central nervous system through a selective regulation of NO production and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2005

This paper presents an investigation of satellite radio access technology for beyond IMT-2000 systems. Although we could not see any active role of a satellite system in the 3G networks, satellite system will provide strong advantages in future systems for certain applications. Because a satellite link has longer round trip delay than a terrestrial link, we need technologies that would make the satellite component especially efficient. After presenting the satellite radio interface of the 3G system, we suggest several points which need to be considered in the beyond 3G systems. We also suggest a few candidate technologies with various simulation results.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to compare the growth and light use efficiency of red leaf lettuce grown under three types of combined light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and fluorescent lamps (FL) in a closed-type plant production system. The eighteen days-old lettuce seedlings of red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., 'Jeokchima') were transplanted to the close-type plant production system equipped with three types of combined LEDs with red (R, 655 nm), blue (B, 456 nm), green (G, 515 nm), and white (W, 456 nm + 558 nm) (R:B=8:2, R:W:B=8:1:1, R:G:B=8:1:1) and FL. The seedlings were grown under normal growth conditions ($20^{\circ}C$, $181{\pm}4{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 12 h photoperiod) for four weeks. Lettuce plants grown under FL had significantly higher leaf shape index than those under all LED treatments. Although growth of shoots and roots was not show any significant difference among LED treatments, all of the LED treatments induced about 34% higher shoot fresh weight than that of the FL. On the other hands, the total power consumption of FL was 145 kW for 4 weeks, while the mean value of LED treatments was 54 kW, which was about 3 times lower value than that of the FL. The light use efficiency based on dry matter in LED treatments was about 34 mg/W and this was about 3.5 times higher energy saving value than the FL. In conclusion, this study showed that irradiation of optimal combined LEDs in closed-type plant production systems can improve the lettuce growth as well as maximize in light use efficiency through energy saving than the FL.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05d
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• pp.425-431
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• 1996

KT-2 poloidal-field (PF) system is designed to cope the up-down symmetric double-null (DN) and asymmetric single-null (SN) discharges with typical plasma parameters, in which three sets of "design-basis" scenarios - the ohmic heating (OH), the 5MW and the high bootstrap (HIBS) baseline modes - are applied. The power and energy demand for each cases are also deduced. The peak power and the maximum energy requirements for the KT-2 magnet system, incorporating the PF and the toroidal-field (TF) coils, are proven to be 123MW and 1601MJ, respectively when it is driven in DN configuration. The KT-2 PF system is capable of achieving the machine mission of creating a 500kA heated plasma with a current flattop of $\geq$20 seconds.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.sup2
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• pp.343-354
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• 2008

Purpose: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with localized aggressive periodontitis. It produces cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), which induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. The CDT holotoxin is composed of CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC. CdtB has structural homology to human DNase I and is an active component of the CDT complex acting as a DNase. In particular, the pattern homology seen in the CdtB subunit has been associated with specific DNase I residues involved in enzyme catalysis, DNA binding, and metal ion binding. So, to study the functions and regulation of recombinant CdtB, we made up a quantity of functional recombinant CdtB and tested it in relation to the metal ion effect. Materials and Methods: We constructed the pET28a-cdtB plasmid from A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 by genomic DNA PCR and expressed it in the BL21 (DE3) Escherichia coli system. We obtained the functional recombinant CdtB by the refolding system using the dialysis method and then analyzed the DNase activity and investigated the metal ion effect from plasmid digestion. Results: The recombinant CdtB subunit was expressed as the inclusion bodies. We were able to obtain functional recombinant CdtB subunit using refolding system. We confirmed that our refolded recombinant CdtB had DNase activity and was influenced by the metal ions $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$. Conclusion: We suggest that the factors influencing recombinant CdtB may contribute to CDT associated diseases, such as periodontitis, endocarditic, meningitis, and osteomyelitis.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2010

We developed the playback control software for a high-speed playback system which is a component of the Korea-Japan Joint VLBI Correlator (KJJVC). The Mark5B system, which is a recorder and playback system used in the Korean VLBI Network (KVN), has two kinds of operation mode. That is to say, the station unit (SU) mode, which is for the present Mark4 system, and the VSI mode, which is for the new VLBI standard interface (VSI) system. The software for SU is already developed and widely used in the Mark4 type VLBI system, but the software for VSI has only been developed for recording. The new VLBI system is designed with a VSI interface for compatibility between different systems. Therefore, the playback control software development of the VSI mode is needed for KVN. In this work, we developed the playback control software of the Mark5B VSI mode. The developed playback control software consists of an application part for data playing back, a data input/output part for the VSI board, a module for the StreamStor RAID board, and a user interface part, including an observation time control part. To verify the performance of developed playback control software, the playback and correlation experiments were performed using the real observation data in Mark5B system and KJJVC. To check the observation time control, the data playback experiment was performed between the Mark5B and Raw VLBI Data Buffer (RVDB) systems. Through the experimental results, we confirmed the performance of developed playback control software in the Mark5B VSI mode.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.296.1-296.1
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• 2002

Bisphenol A(BPA). a monomer used in the manufacturing epoxy resins and polycarbonates. has been reported to induce estrogenic activity, it has been considered as an environmental endocrine disruptor. But the immunomodulatory effects of BPA exposure have not been systemically evaluated. We investigated whether BPA effects on the ability of immunoglobulin(lg) production of mice. To initiate investigation of BPA-induced alterations of the immune system. BPA at dose of 100. 500,1000 mg/kg b.w./day with or without OVA-antigen for 30 days were orally administered to female ICR mice. Mice were sacrificed and serum was colleted on day 2 following administration of BPA for 30days. Total lgG1. total lgG2a. total lgE. OVA-specific lgG1. OVA-specific lgG2a. and OVA-specific lgE in serum were detetmined and compared with those of non-treated mice. In the groups of BPA with OVA antigen, total 1gG1, total lgG2a, total lgE. OVA-specific lgG1 and OVA-specific lgG2a were significantly decreased at dose of 500mg/kg/day. However, in mice treated with BPA alone, total lgG1, and lgG2 were not much altered and total lgE was significantly increased at dose of 1000mg/kg/day. These results demonstrated the BPA modulates the production of immunoglobulin.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2011

Produce, including leafy vegetables, has been implicated in several outbreaks of food illness. To evaluate microbiological safety of lettuce and it's cultivation area, a total of 147 samples were collected from lettuce farms and post harvest facility at Icheon, Gyeonggi province. The collected samples were assessed for presence of sanitary indicator microorganisms (Aerobic plate count, coliform count, Escherichia coli) and foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus). The population of APC was over 4.0 log CFU from most of the samples. While the numbers of APC, and coliform of lettuce at 62 days after transplanting were 4.18 log CFU/g, and 1.00 log CFU/g, respectively, those of 10 days after transplanting were 5.37 log CFU/g, and 2.87 log CFU/g, respectively. B. cereus was highly detected from soil and balance which were contaminated with 3.5 log CFU/g, and 2.6 log CFU/100 $cm^2$, respectively. The number of E. coli recovered from gloves was 3.5 log CFU/hand. However, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes were not detected. These data suggested that risk management system should be introduced to lettuce farms to enhance safety of lettuce.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.854-861
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• 2014

The diagnosis of Brucella abortus is mainly based on serological methods using antibody against LPS, which has diagnostic problems. Therefore, to solve this problem, we evaluated two proteins of B. abortus, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SodC) and outer membrane proteins 2b porin (Omp2b). The genes were cloned and expressed in a pMAL system, and the recombinant proteins, rOmp2b and rSodC, were purified as fusion forms with maltose-binding protein. The identity of the proteins was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis with sera of mice infected with B. abortus. Production of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) was investigated in RAW 264.7 cells and mouse splenocytes after stimulation with the proteins. Moreover, cellular and humoral immune responses were investigated in BALB/c mice after immunization with the proteins. TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and NO were significantly inducible in RAW 264.7 cells. Splenocytes of naive mice produced IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 significantly by stimulation. Moreover, number of IgG, IFN-${\gamma}$, and IL-4 producing cells were increased in immunized mice with the two proteins. Production of IgG and IgM with rOmp2b was higher than those with rSodC in immunized mice. These results suggest that the two recombinant proteins of B. abortus may be potential LPS-free proteins for diagnosis.