• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.211-215
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• 2011

Flexible sheets consisting of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and carbon nanotube (CNT) are newly prepared varying the composition (CNT 20-25 wt.%) for use as a current collector of supercapacitor electrodes. The as-prepared CNT/NBR is electrodeposited with aniline using potentiodynamic cyclic voltammetry to yield a polyaniline (PANI)/CNT/NBR composite electrode. It is confirmed that the electrical conductivity of CNT/NBR current collector can be enhanced as the content of CNT increases. Cyclic voltammetry result shows that the sample of PANI/CNT(25 wt.%)/NBR composite achieves a maximum specific capacitance ($134.9\;F\;g^{-1}$) at $5\;mV\;s^{-1}$. Such supercapacitor application is possibly originated from the synergistic effects consisting of higher polarity of nitrile groups in NBR, conducting pathway of CNT, and electroactive property of PANI.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 1997

The monoclonal antibody against a novel protein, which was induced in the roots of rice seedlings treated with NaCl, was produced. Oryzea sativa L. cv. Annapruna grains were sown on clean sands and grown for 10days and then the seedlings were soaked in 50mM NaCl aqueous solution. In 48hrs of the NaCl treatment, the roots were collected and homogenated with liquid nitrogen and extraction buffer. The homogenate was centrifuged and to the supernatant 75％ ammonium sulfate was added to pre-cipitate proteins. From these proteins a novel protein was purified through DEAE-ion chromatography and FPLC(Phenyl column). This protein appeared as a single band in the native electrophoresis. Using this protein as antigen, monoclonal antibody was produced. Five cell lines that secreted antibodies specifically bound to this protein were constructed.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2000

The vancomycin, one of the family of glycopeptide antibiotics, inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan and has been widely used against gram-positive bacterial infections, especially for a treatment of methicillin resistant S. aureus infection. However, clinical isolate which was intermediately resistant to vancomycin (Mu50: MIC 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) was isolated in recent years. In this study we performed vancomycin susceptibility test with the increment method and population analysis with clinical isolates S. aureus. Also we did several kinds of tests with three selected isolates (s129: MIC 7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, s134: MIC 7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, s135: MIC 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) to find out possible mechanism of vancomycin resistance. As a result, the prevalence of vancomycin resistant S. aureus isolates among S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin was 23.3% (25/107). The vancomycin resistances of isolated strains of S. aureus were between those of Mu5O and Mu3 strains. By PCR analysis, none of the isolates with decreased vancomycin susceptibility contained known vancomycin resistant genes such as vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2, and vanH. Major bands of 81 kDa, 58 kDa, 33 kDa, 28 kDa were demonstrable in whole cell lysates by SDS-PAGE from all three isolates as well as reference strains. And especially,45 kDa protein was overproduced in Mu50 strains. Among them increased production of NAD$^{+}$-linked-$_{D}$-lactate dehydrogenase (dnLDH) were detected from one clinical strain (s135) and Mu5O strain. From these data, we suggest that the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in these isolates are distinct from that in enterococci.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine content of biogenic amines (Histamine, Cadaverine, Putrescine) in the salted mackerel, canned mackerel, mackerel pike, and freeze dried mackerel pike (Guamegi) collectively, all were purchased in the market. Salted mackerel was purchased at five markets (A, B, C, D, and F market) and stored for 10 days at $4{^{\circ}C}$. At the time of purchase, salted mackerel purchased at markets A, B and C was tested for biogenic amine, yet nothing was detected. However, salt mackerel purchased at market D was tested and the histamine concentration was 0.5 mg/100g. Mackerel from market F, exhibited content levels of 0.5 mg/100g histamine and 1.6 mg/100g cadaverine. Those make certain safety during self-life but that purchased F market gradually increased biogenic amine during storage. Prepared salted mackerel of varying levels of freshness and processing methods were analyzed for biogenic amines. Salting process was performed using functional brine salt. VBN (volatile basic nitrogen) was used to establish freshness levels of salted mackerel. Analyses of mackerel muscle determined the values of freshness to be 9.2 mg/100g (good freshness), 18.2 mg/100g (bad freshness), respectively. After 40 days of storage, the content of histamine, cadaverine, putrescine in the freshness of salted mackerel was 2.0 mg/kg, 2.4 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg, respectively. The content of histamine, cadaverine, putrescine in salted mackerel of poor freshness was 71.3 mg/kg, 22.9 mg/kg and 17.8 mg/kg, respectively. It was concluded the presence of biogenic amines during the salting process of salted mackerel significantly effected freshness of materials. The presence of biogenic amines were detected in mackerel that underwent the salting process after 1 month of storage at $4{^{\circ}C}$. The levels of biogenic amines in the brine salted mackerel were higher than those found in dry, salted mackerel; however, the freshness of fish had an insignificant effect on biogenic amines. The presence of histamine was detected in small quantities in canned mackerel and mackerel pike from three companies. Alternatively, cadaverine and putrescine were not detected. Guamegi, vacuumed packed or sealed with a rope was purchased from three markets (A, B, C seafood company). Guamegi was stored and observed for 180 days at $-20{^{\circ}C}$. Histamine was detected in small quantities in all products stored at $-20{^{\circ}C}$. Levels of histamine was dependent on the types of packaging, rope packaging yielded the highest level. However, other amines were not detected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1562-1568
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• 2011

We studied the amounts of trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in child-favored foods. Confectioneries, breads, donuts and hamburgers were included in this study. The total fatty acid content and the amount of each type of fatty acid were determined by gas chromatography with a flame-ionized detector. Confectioneries were shown to have the highest content of crude fat. The mean content was 24.2${\pm}$6.9 (range: 4.6~41.1) g/100 g food. The mean content of crude fat in donuts, bread and hamburgers was 23.9${\pm}$5.8 (range: 14.1~39.5) g/100 g food, 15.7${\pm}$7.9 (range: 1.4~30.0) g/100 g food, and 9.5${\pm}$3.4 (range: 4.5~18.5) g/100 g food, respectively. Bread had the most trans fatty acids at 1.3 g/100 g food. This result inferred that manufacturers have tried to reduce the trans fat content. The mean content of saturated fatty acids in confectioneries, donuts, bread, and hamburgers was 11.6${\pm}$4.8 (range: 2.0~22.7) g/100 g food, 11.2${\pm}$4.0 (range: 4.8~23.2) g/100 g food, 6.9${\pm}$4.1 (range: 0.6~15.4) g/100 g food, 3.0${\pm}$1.0 (range: 1.0~5.8) g/100 g food, respectively. This content depended on crude fat. The composition of fatty acids varied according to the oil and fat used in the manufacturing process of each food, and the natural content. Foods that were fried in vegetable oil tended to be especially low in saturated fat.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is an insect pest that significantly affects crop production. A number of pesticides have been used for aphid control, but their concerns on insect resistance and food safety have required alternative methods for pest management. In an effort to find for an alternative approach to aphid control, we screened plants extracts and examined their potentiality as insecticidal bio-resources. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety eight plant extracts were examined for insecticidal activity against the aphid, and the best candidate among them was chosen for further study. The extracts from Cinnamomum camphora was determined to be the best candidate exhibiting insecticidal activity more than 60% at a level of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. GC/MS analyses detected camphor, borneol, 4-terpineol, ${\alpha}$-terpineol and caryophyllene oxide as major compositions from the extracts obtained by hydrodistillation. Caryophyllene oxide exhibited the highest insecticidal activity with a $LC_{50}$ value of $237{\mu}g/mL$. Camphor lowered significantly the $LC_{50}$ value of caryophyllene oxide and increased largely its concentration in aphid, suggesting that camphor played a role in enhancing the insecticidal activity of caryophyllene oxide. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that camphor and caryophyllene oxide may be used as an insecticidal bio-resource for insect control against green peach aphid.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2005

Warfarin is a widely used oral anticoagulant agent used to treat thromboembolic disease. The purpose of this study was to develop the efficient assay method of warfarin sodium i n human plasma and to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of the warfarin in healthy Korean volunteers. The pharmacokinetics of warfarin administered orally was evaluated after a dose of 10 mg. Warfarin in plasma was assayed using a specific HPLC method with UV absorbance at 304 nm. AUC was 46.33${\pm}9.95{\mu}g/ml.hr$, $C_{max}$ $1.22{\pm}0.22{\mu}g/ml, $T_{max}$$2.50{\pm}1.41$ hr and half-life $43.49{\pm}4.33$ hr. $T_{max}$ was slightly shorter than that in Caucasian (3~9 hr), whereas the half-life was longer than that in Caucasian (10~45 hr, mean: 36 hr). These results suggest that warfarin may have a longer duration in Korean than in Caucasian.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2015

In this study, to confirm the physiological activity of the grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa) antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, thermal stability of the antimicrobial substance, pH stability, total polyphenol content of the adult grasshopper was measured. Antibacterial activity in accordance with the extraction solvent showed a strong antibacterial activity in a mixed solvent of ethanol for the E. coli strain. Antimicrobial activity in $40^{\circ}C$ hot air drying and a freezedried condition was the highest and there was no difference in the gender. Antibacterial substance was stable to heat and pH. Antioxidant activity of the grasshopper exhibited a high activity in the 50% and 70% ethanol extract. Total polyphenol content was the 12 ~17 mg / 100 g and there was not great difference according to the drying conditions and gender.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

To evaluate the inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO), and antihyperuricemic effect by Aspergillus oryzae fermented Smilax china L. leaf extracts and fractions, we observed extracted yield by each solvent, the content of total polyphenol and total flavonoid (TF), the activities of XO and AO, and serum uric acid level. Extracted yield (g/kg) by 80% ethanol (EtOH) was 13.56, those of n-hexane, dichloromethane (DICM), ethylacetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol fraction (BuOH) were 1.35-3.33. Furthermore, total polyphenol content (mg/g-extract) of EtOAc fraction, BuOH fraction, DICM fraction and EtOH fraction is 478.07-501.26, 259.49-289.02, 165.03-232.27, 134.02-196.54, respectively. Those of fermented EtOAc and DICM fraction was 4.85 and 40.74% higher than that of non-fermented fraction, respectively, while the other fermented fractions were lower than those of non-fermented fractions. And total flavonoid content (mg/g-extract) of EtOAc fraction was higher than those of other fractions. Additionally, TF of fermented EtOAc and BuOH fraction is 10.56 and 60.17% higher, than that of fermented fraction, respectively, although those of the other fermented fractions was lower than that of non-fermented fractions. On the other hand, XO inhibitory activities of all fermented fractions was significantly higher than that of all non-fermented fraction, while those of fermented EtOAc (75.02%) and BuOH fraction (65.59%) was markedly higher than that of non-fermented fraction (39.42 and 5.34%), respectively. In addition, AO inhibitory activities of DICM and EtOAc fraction was 81.82 and 77.93% higher, respectively, than those of the other fractions, and those of fermented fractions as with XO were significantly higher than that of non-fermented fractions. Meanwhile, serum uric acid level (SU) of hyperuricemic control mice (HC, 6.98 mg/dL) was 1.83 folds higher than that of normal control (NC, 3.82 mg/dL). Furthermore, SU in the group treated with EtOAc fraction decreased in a dose dependent manner compared with the allopurinol control group, although those of fermented fractions were significantly lower than those of non-fermented fractions. This study suggests that fermented Smilax china L. leaf extracts may regulate the XO and AO inhibitory activities and antihyperuricemic effect due to aglycone components from glycoside form flavonoids by fermentation of A. oryzae.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 1979

For the purpose of developing a microbial insecticide utilizing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, research was done and the following results were obtained. 1) As the freeze-dried matter of the cocoon-cooked water discarded from the filature contains much crude protein(51.825%) and a lot of inorganic salts, it can make a good nutrition source for the culture cf B. thuringiensis Berliner. 2) Based on the suspensibility, formula F-5 turned out to be the most suitable for insecticidal use. Its composition includes 0.2 g of the cell-spore-crystal mixture, 25 g of 200-mesh kaolin, 2.5 g of New Kalgen-NX-150, and 2.5 g of glycerine admixed with 8 ml of distilled water and granulated in 80-mesh size. 3) All the components of F-5, F-6 and F-7 are identical except that the amounts of cell-spore-crystal mixture of F-5, F-6, and F-7 are 0.2 g, 0.4 g, and 0.6 g, respectively. Accordingly, their physical properties are almost all the same. 4) Formulas F-5, F-6, and F-7 exhibited an excellent toxicity to Anomis mesogona Walker, Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler, and Margaronia perspectalis Walker at the concentration of 5%. 5) Formulas F-8 and F-9 which contain $NaHCO_3$ as one of their components showed a remarkably reduced toxicity to Anomis mesogona Walker and Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler than F-6 which does not contain $NaHCO_3$. 6) A maximum of $2.97{\times}10^9$ spores per ml was obtained by incubating B. thuringiensis in M-3 which has a pH of 7.05 and comprises 0.2% of ammonium sulphate and 0.8% of glucose dissolved in the cocoon-cooked water, with aeration for 96 hours. 7) Formula F-6 exhibited a somewhat reduced toxicity to Anomis mesogona Walker and Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler, when stored at room temperature for 70 days after formulation and it is desirable to keep it in a dark and cold place. 8) In held applications, formula F-6 showed a good activity in controlling Monema flavescens Walker. Margaronia perspectalis Walker, and Macrosiphum ibarae Matsumura.