• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.131-134
• /
• 2008

Tea seed extract, a byproduct of tea processing, contains two kaempferol glycosides, camelliaside A and camelliaside B. Kaempferol was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosides. Optimum reaction conditions were investigated. $Pectinex^{(R)}100L$ was effective, producing kaempferol in 48 hrs. Optimum temperature and pH were $40^{\circ}C$ and 4, respectively. Ratio of substrate and enzyme affected the yield. Under optimum conditions, 1.6g kaempferol per 1 kg tea seed extract was produced and 80% of kaempferol precipitated. This result shows that kaempferol could be produced mildly and effectively using tea-processing byproduct.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 2001

Pantographes should follow periodical motions with hanger and span passing frequencies during operation in order to have good dynamic follow-up characteristics. According to the dynamic simulations of a pantograph together with catenary systems, the best current collection performance of a pantograph is obtained when receptance peak frequencies are matched with hanger and span passing frequencies. Based on this principle, design variables of G7 pantograph are selected. However, because a high-speed train may run in the wide range of speeds and induce aero-acoustic noises, the design variables are adjusted to escape from these problems with a little sacrifice of current collection performance.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.516-525
• /
• 2010

Flaxseed has recently gained attention as a functional food. In this paper, physicochemical analyses of flaxseed and its oil were performed. Crude fat content ranged from 37~43%, moisture 0.2~6.8%, carbohydrate 30~35%, crude protein 18~23%, and crude ash 3~4%. Flaxseed is also an important source of dietary fiber. The TDF(total dietary fiber) contents of the flaxseed samples were 28~31%, and the SDF(souble dietary fiber) content of roasted flaxseeds was higher than that of raw flaxseeds. The major minerals found in flaxseed were calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphate. The flaxseeds were rich in ${\gamma}$-tocopherol with 234.3 mg/kg in raw brown flaxseed and 134.1 mg/kg in raw gold flaxseed, respectively. Roasted flaxseeds showed slightly lower vitamin and amino acid contents than those of the raw samples. The iodine, saponification, and acid values of brown flaxseed oil were 204.1 g/100 g, 193.6 mg/g, and 1.59 mg/g, and for gold flaxseed oil were 203.0 g/100 g, 189.9 mg/g, and 2.35 mg/g, respectively. ${\alpha}$-Linolenic acid(ALA, C18:3n-3) was highly concentrated in the flaxseed oil, which constituted about 55.5~56.1% of total fatty acids. Thus, flaxseed oil is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids and beneficial for the heart. Flaxseed contains high levels of dietary fiber including lignans, as well as minerals and vitamins, which may have antioxidant actions and help protect against certain cancers.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2007

The Hantaan virus (HTNV) is an enveloped virus that is capable of inducing low pH-dependent cell fusion. We molecularly cloned the viral glycoprotein (GP) and nucleocapsid (NP) cDNA of HTNV and expressed them in Vero E6 cells under the control of a CMV promoter. The viral gene expression was assessed using an indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoprecipitation. The transfected Vero E6 cells expressing GPs, but not those expressing NP, fused and formed a syncytium following exposure to a low pH. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against envelope GPs inhibited cell fusion, whereas MAbs against NP did not. We also investigated the N-linked glycosylation of HTNV GPs and its role in cell fusion. The envelope GPs of HTNV are modified by N-linked glycosylation at five sites: four sites on G1 (N134, N235, N347, and N399) and one site on G2 (N928). Site-directed mutagenesis was used to construct eight GP gene mutants, including five single N-glycosylation site mutants and three double-site mutants, which were then expressed in Vero E6 cells. The oligosaccharide chain on residue N928 of G2 was found to be crucial for cell fusion after exposure to a low pH. These results suggest that G2 is likely to be the fusion protein of HTNV.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.117-134
• /
• 2014

It is believed that offshore wind farms may satisfy an increasing portion of the energy demand in the next years. This paper presents a comparative study of the fatigue performances of tripod and jacket steel support structures for offshore wind turbines in waters of intermediate depth (20-50 m). A reference site at a water depth of 45 m in the North Atlantic Ocean is considered. The tripod and jacket support structures are conceived according to typical current design. The fatigue behavior is assessed in the time domain under combined stochastic wind and wave loading and the results are compared in terms of a lifetime damage equivalent load.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.74-78
• /
• 2006

Two specimens of sponges collected from Red Sea, Egypt, were investigated for their contents of secondary metabolites. The crude extracts of the sponges were tested for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The toxic effects of the extracts of the two marine sponges were studied. $LD_{50}$ determination revealed that the investigated extracts of 'Igernella and Ircinia spp' were 4.69 and 134.7 mg/l00 g b.wt., respectively, when injected intraperitoneally in mice. The toxic signs were recorded within the first 24 hrs after injection. Also the two marine sponges extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.131-134
• /
• 2007

A semi-solid forming technology has a lot of advantages compared to the die casting, squeeze casting and hot/cold forging, so semi-solid forming has been studied actively. Semi-solid forming has two methods. One is thixoforming with reheating of prepared billet, the other is rheoforming with cooled melt until semi-solid state. Thixoforging technology can produce non-dendritic alloys for semi-solid forming complex shaped parts in metal alloys. In this study, the thixoforging was experimented with made rheology materials by the spiral stirrer equipment. Rheology materials for forging were made by A356 casting aluminum alloy and A6061 wrought aluminum alloy. After experiment, forged samples were measured microstructure and were heat treated for high mechanical properties.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.132-134
• /
• 2001

Since it is known that Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which has long been used to transform plants, can transfer the T-DNA to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during tumourigenesis, a variety of fungi were subjected to transformation to improve their transformation frequency. In this study, I report the A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. Transfer of the binary vector pBIN9-Hg, containing the bacterial hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene under the control of the Aspergillus nidulans trpC promoter and terminator as a selectable marker, led to the selection of $50{\sim}100$ hygromycin B-resistant transformants per $1{\times}10^7$ conidia of A. niger. This efficiency is improved $10{\sim}20$ fold more than reported elsewhere. In order to avoid the difficulties in selection transformant from the over-growing non-transformant, I used top agar containing 900 ${\mu}g/ml$ of hygromycin. Genomic PCR and Southern analysis showed that all transformants contained single T-DNA insert per fungal genome. This technique offers an easier and more efficient method than that of using protoplast.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 1994

In order to assess the level of atmospheric pollution and to contribute the hearth improvement of residents in Taejon city, the authors were measured the concentration of air pollutants(CO, SO$_2$, NO$_2$, TSP, Pb, Cd, Cr) at three places of the control road in Taejon. The investigative research performed bimonthly from May 1993 to September 1993, and the places were the underground shopping stores of Taejon station, Dongyang department store and provincial goverment areas. The results of statistical analysis are as followings. \circled1CO :0.569~0.966ppm \circled2SO$_2$：0.084~0.170ppm \circled3NO$_2$:0.0045~0.022ppm \circled4TSP：249~299$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. \circled5Pb :0.366~1.157$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. \circled6Cd：0.016~0.025$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. \circled7 Cr : 0.198 ~0.290$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. The mean concentration of SO$_2$in Dongyang department store area was 0.17ppm, and it exceeded the ambient air quality standard by 0.02ppm. The concentration of TSP was higher than a standing rule of public hygiene, and it was very near to a standing rule of environmental preservation. The standing rule of indoor air pollution in underground shopping store have two different laws, the public hygiene and the environmental preservation. Therefore, it was difficult to judge what to do in such circumstance. In regarding to the laws, an environmental standard for air pollution in the underground space must unify into the standard of public hygiene.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.367-377
• /
• 2019

In this study, the fate and removal of 15 pharmaceuticals (including stimulants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, etc.) in unit processes of a sewage treatment plant (STP) were investigated. Mass loads of pharmaceuticals were 2,598 g/d in the influent, 2,745 g/d in the primary effluent, 143 g/d in the secondary effluent, and 134 g/d in the effluent. The mass loads were reduced by 95% in the biological treatment process, but total phosphorous treatment did not show a significant effect on the removal of most pharmaceuticals. Also, mass balance analysis was performed to evaluate removal characteristics of pharmaceuticals in the biological treatment process. Acetaminophen, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid, cefradine, and naproxen were efficiently removed in the biological treatment process mainly due to biodegradation. Removal efficiencies of gemfibrozil, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were not high, but their removal was related to sorption onto sludge. This study provides useful information on understanding removal characteristics of pharmaceuticals in unit processes in the STP.