• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.540-548
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• 2001

Backgrounds : Because ventilator-induced lung injury is partly dependent on the intensity of vascular flow, we hypothesized that hypothermia may attenuate the degree of such an injury through a reduced cardiac output. Methods : Twenty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normothermia ($37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)-injurious ventilation (NT-V) group (n=10), hypothermia ($27{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)-injurious ventilation (HT-V) group (n=10), or nonventilated control group (n=7). The two thermal groups were subjected to injurious mechanical ventilation for 20 min with peak airway pressure 30 cm $H_2O$ at zero positive end-expiratory pressure, which was translated to tidal volume $54{\pm}6\;ml$ in the NT-V group and $53{\pm}4\;ml$ in the HT-V group (p>0.05). Results : Pressure-volume (P-V) curve after the injurious ventilation was almost identical to the baseline P-V curve in the HT-V group, whereas it was shifted rightward in the NT-V group. On gross inspection, the lungs of the HT-V group appeared smaller in size, and showed less hemorrhage especially at the dependent regions, than the lungs of the NT-V group. [Wet lung weight (g)/body weight (kg)] ($1.6{\pm}0.1$ vs $2.4{\pm}1.2$ ; p=0.014) and [wet lung weight/dry lung weight] ($5.0{\pm}0.1$ vs $6.1{\pm}0.8$ ; p=0.046) of the HT-V group were both lower than those of the NT-V group, while not different from those of the control group($1.4{\pm}0.4$, $4.8{\pm}0.4$, respectively). Protein concentration of the BAL fluid of the HT-V group was lower than that of the NT-V group($1,374{\pm}726\;ug/ml$ vs $3,471{\pm}1,985\;ug/ml$;p=0.003). Lactic dehydrogenase level of the BAL fluid of the HT-V group was lower than that of the NT-V group ($0.18{\pm}0.10\;unit/ml$ vs $0.43{\pm}0.22\;unit/ml$;p=0.046). Conclusions : Hypothermia attenuated pulmonary hemorrhage, permeability pulmonary edema, and alveolar cellular injuries associated with injurious mechanical ventilation, and preserved normal P-V characteristics of the lung in rats.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-109
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• 1999

Vascular spasm which has been reported to occur in 25% of clinical cases continues to be a problem in microvascular surgery; When prolonged and not corrected, it can lead to low flow, thrombosis, and replant or free flap failure. Ischemia, intimal damage, acidosis and hypovolemia have been implicated as contributors to the vascular spasm. Although much work has been done on the etiology and prevention of vasospasm, a spasmolytic agent capable of firmly protecting against or reversing vasospasm has not been found. Therefore vascular freezing was introduced as a new safe method that immediately and permanently relieves the vasospasm and can be applied to microsurgical transfers. Cryosurgery can be defined as the deliberate destruction of diseased tissue or relief the vascular spasm in microvascular surgery by freezing in a controlled manner. 96 Sprague Dawley rats each weighing within 250g were used and divided into 2 group, experimental 1 and 2 group. In the experimental 1 group, right epigastric vessels (artery and vein) were freezed with a cryoprobe using $N_2O$ gas for 1 min. In the experimental 2 group, after freezing for 1 min, thawing for 30 secs and repeat freezing for 30 secs. Left side was chosen as control group in both group. We sacrified the experimental animals by 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks & 5 months and observed the sequential change that occur during regeneration of epigastric vessels using a histologic, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and SEM study after the vascular freezing. The results were as follows1. In epigastric arteries, internal diameters had statistically significant enlargement in 1 day, 3 days of Exp-1 group and 1 day, 3 days, 1 week & 2 weeks of Exp-2 group. Wall thickness had statistically significant thinning in 2 weeks of Exp-2 group. 2. In epigastric veins, internal diameters had enlargement of statistical significance in 1 day of Exp-1 and Exp-2 group. 3. The positive PCNA reactions in smooth muscle appeared in 1 week and increased until 2 weeks, decreased in 4 weeks. There was no statistical significance between Exp-1 and Exp-2 group. 4. The positive ${\alpha}$-SMA reaction in smooth muscles showed weak responses until 1 week and slowly increased in 2 weeks and showed almost control level in 4 weeks. 5. The positive S-100 reactions in the perivascular nerve bundles showed markedly decrease in 1 day, 3 days and increased after 1 week and showed almost control level in 4 weeks. Exp-1 group had stronger response than Exp-2 group. 6. In SEM, we observed defoliation of endothelial cell and flattening of vessel wall. Exp-2 group is more destroyed and healing was slower than Exp-1 group. To sum up, relief of vasospasm (vasodilatation) by freezing with cryoprobe was originated from the damage of smooth muscle layer and perivascular nerve bundle and the enlargement of internal diameter in vessels was similar to expeimental groups, but Exp-2 group had slower healing course and therefore vessel freezing in microsurgery can be clinically used, but repeat freezing time needs to be studied further.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.414-418
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• 2007

더덕 함량을 10, 15 및 20% (w/v)로 달리하여 50% (v/v) 주정에 담아 밀봉한 후 상온에서 180일간 침출시킨 다음 더덕 침출주의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 더덕 함량을 달리하여 상온에서 180일간 침출시킨 결과 총당은 더덕 함량이 많을수록 많은 양의 총당이 용출되는 경향을 보이고 있었으며 맛을 결정하는 환원당도 총당과 유사한 경향을 보이고 있었다. 한편 더덕의 유효성분인 total polyphenol의 경우 더덕 함량이 많을수록 차이는 뚜렷하였으나 원료 더덕 중에 함유된 total polyphenol에 비해 적은 양이 용출되고 있었다. 관능적인 기호도의 측도인 노란색의 경우 더덕 함량이 20% (w/v)인 침출주에서 가장 높은 값을 보이고 있었고 crude saponin은 비교적 완만히 용출되는 경향을 보이고 있었으나 침출 100일경이 지나면서 급격히 용출되는 경향을 보이고 있었다. 더덕 침출주의 주세법 기준 항목인 불휘발성분의 경우 더덕 20% (w/v) 함유 침출주만이 침출 160일이 지나야 법적 기준치인 2.0% (w/v) 이상을 만족하는 것으로 나타나 더덕 침출주를 제조하기 위해서는 더덕 2.0% (w/v) 이상 필요하고 침출시간도 상온에서 160일 이상 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 관능적인 기호도에서는 더덕 20% (w/v)이상 함유된 침출주에서 맛, 향, 색 및 전체적인 기호도에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 더덕 침출주를 제조하기 위해 더덕 함량을 20% (w/v) 이상 함유하여야 불휘발성분의 법적 기준인 2.0% (w/v)를 만족하는 것으로 나타나 앞으로 품질이 우수한 더덕 침출주를 제조하기 위해 더덕 함량, 침출시간 및 온도 등의 침출방법을 결정하는 연구가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.a}$,24S)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol (${\gamma}-sitosterol$)은 감귤이나 버섯 균사체에서 보고되지 않은 성분들이 검출되었다.M 영상 역시 oxide island 들이 형성에 기인된 어떤 "Strawberry" 구조를 보여주었으나 정확하게 $Al_2O_3$ overlayer가 형성되었는지는 규명할 수 없었다. 결론적으로, 800 K와 1000 K에서 $Ni_3Al(111)$ 합금표면위의 산소 상호작용결과 어떤 aluminum oxide overlayer의 island들이 성장됨을 확인할 수 있었다.q/g$이 검출되었다. 고방사능 폐수지의 평균 $^{14}C/^3H$비는 28로 저방사능 폐수지의 0.70에 비해 높게 나타났으며, $^{14}C$ 및 $^3H$의 농도는 서로 비례하는 경향을 보였다.보완대책이 필요하다는 사실을 이 성적을 통하여 비로소 확인할 수 있었다.가정교과교육학 문항내용의 포괄성을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 가정과교육과정 문항내용은 제7차 교육과정 문서상에 표면적으로 제시된 내용에 한정되어 있어 구체적인 개선방안으로 교육과정의 철학적 이론적 배경, 다양한 교육과정 원리를 활용하는 문항내용 등과 같이 좀 더 이론적이고 원론적인 내용으로의 확대를 제안하였다. 가정과교수학습법 문항내용은 특정 교수학습모형에 관련된 지식을 묻는 내용으로 주로 출제되었다. 이에 구체적인 개선방안으로 특정 교수학습모형의 이론적 토대가 되고 전체적인 교수설계를 하기 위한 기본 바탕이 될 수 있는 교수학습이론에 관한 내용, 또한 현재가정과교육에 있어서 유용한 교수학습법이라고 입증되고 있는 실천적 추론 가정과 수업에 관한

• 농업과학연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.301-322
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• 1996

This study is first aimed at identifying the possibility of labour saving and production cost decreasing in rice production with respect to seed broad casting technology. Comparison of labour inputs and production costs of rice in-between USA and Korea and recommendation of policy guidelines for the continous rice cultivation are the second objective of this study. Under the WTO system, rice enterprice is the most vulnerable crop in the sense of labour productivity and price competitiveness in the international market. How to adapt labour saving technology and how to decrease production costs are the most imminent problems to be solved in rice production. To achieve the objectives, survey on nine rice enterprice farms were made in Daeho tidal farmland with respect to the size of farm, labour inputs, productivity, farm mechanization and farm land base development. The existing data on labour saving technology by seed broadcasting which had surveyed by Rural Development Administration were collected to compare the surveyed data from Daeho tidal farm land The study results and policy recommendation are summarized as follows; 1. Labour requirements per 10a for rice enterprise farms with seed broadcasting and with transplanting were estimated 11.4 and 18.5hours respectively. 'This above labour inputs were equivalent to 1/3-1/5 of the national average labour inputs of 53.6 hours which were included transplanting and harvesting by machinery. Considering the labour requirement of 1.7 hours per 10a for the USA rice production, Korea rice culture has possibility to decrease labour demand upto USA level of labour inputs. 2. Production cost of rice in Korea were estimated US$4,181 per ha which were higher than that of USA by 3.00 times and production costs per ton were shown as US$313 for USA rice and US$1,018 for Korean rice. 3. Land productivity of rice per 10a in America was reached to 4,325kg and the counterpart of Korea was about 4,181kg in recent year. In the sense of land productivity, both yields of rice were comparable. 4. The price of japonica type rice similar to Korean traditional rice in international market in 1994 was f.o.b US$466 per ton which was equivalent to import parity price of US$830 per ton in domestic market. The price of rice purchased by Korean G't and received by farmers were amounted to US$ 2,013 and US$ 1,663 respectively in the same year. Domestic prices mentioned above were higher than the import parity price as US$830 by 2.0-2.4 times. 5. American rice production competitive to Korean rice was equivalent to 17,012 thousand tons, 1.28% of the world production of rice in 1991 and consumption of rice in America was amounted to 2,633 thousand tons. Exportable quantity of USA rice were estimated as 4,379 thousand tons of which 52.3%, 2,300 thousand tons, were exported indeed in the same year. 6. The quantity of Korean rice produced in 1991 was estimated 1.00% of the world production. The world amount of rice exported in 1991 was reached to 2.45% of the world production of which 34.2% was occupied by USA The remaining quantities of world exported rice were dominated by Tiland, Pakistan and Vietnam where produced indica variety. 7. Under the given technology, labour inputs per 10a for rice production could be possible to save by 70% of the national average labour requirement of 53.6 hours through implmenting complete farm mechanization with land consolidation and on-farm development and improvement of fanning practices like seedbroad casting txchnology etc. On the other hand, prduction costs of rice could be decreased by 10% rather than 49% as target indicated in the Rural Development Counter Measures of Korean Government in 1994 owing to increasing farm mechanization cost and interest on land service with high price. Accordingly production cost of rice per kg could be decreased only by 10% of the 1994 production cost. 8. Rice policy of Korean government in the future should take into account the labour saving technology to solve labour shortage in rural area and to enhance off-farm incomes by creating job opportunities in agro-industrial zones and special production area. On account of the staple food and main energy source for people's health, rice production even encountered vulnerable economic settings should be continued without price distortion policies and discouraging farmer's intention to cultivate rice by importing institutionally the direct income subsidy system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2017

Background: Heat-processed ginseng, sun ginseng (SG), has been reported to have improved therapeutic properties compared with raw forms, such as increased antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperglycemic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiobesity effects of SG through the suppression of cell differentiation and proliferation of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells and the lipid accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: To investigate the effect of SG on adipocyte differentiation, levels of stained intracellular lipid droplets were quantified by measuring the oil red O signal in the lipid extracts of cells on differentiation Day 7. To study the effect of SG on fat accumulation in C. elegans, L4 stage worms were cultured on an Escherichia coli OP50 diet supplemented with $10{\mu}g/mL$ of SG, followed by Nile red staining. To determine the effect of SG on gene expression of lipid and glucose metabolism-regulation molecules, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of genes were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, the phosphorylation of Akt was examined by Western blotting. Results: SG suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells stimulated by a mixture of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI), and inhibited the proliferation of adipocytes during differentiation. Treatment of C. elegans with SG showed reductions in lipid accumulation by Nile red staining, thus directly demonstrating an antiobesity effect for SG. Furthermore, SG treatment down-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtype ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) and decreased the mRNA level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c in MDI-treated adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-regulating factors, such as amplifying mouse fatty acid-binding protein 2, leptin, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid transporter protein 1, fatty acid synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, were increased, whereas that of the lipolytic enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 was decreased. Our data demonstrate that SG inversely regulated the expression of these genes in differentiated adipocytes. SG induced increases in the mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes such as glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, and a decrease in the mRNA level of the glycogenic enzyme phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase. In addition, mRNA levels of the glucose transporters GLUT1, GLUT4, and insulin receptor substrate-1 were elevated by MDI stimulation, whereas SG dose-dependently inhibited the expression of these genes in differentiated adipocytes. SG also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) at an early phase of MDI stimulation. Intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels were markedly decreased by MDI stimulation and recovered by SG treatment of adipocytes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that SG effectively inhibits adipocyte proliferation and differentiation through the downregulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$, by suppressing Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation and enhancing NO production. These results provide strong evidence to support the development of SG for antiobesity treatment.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 1994

벼와 피의 속간(屬間) 선택성(選擇性)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 제초제(除草劑) cyhalofop-BE에 대한 반응(反應)을 시험(試驗)하여 얻은 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. Cyhalofop-BE 농도별(濃度別) 피의 생장반응(生長反應)은 100ppm 이상(以上)의 농도(濃度)에서 3엽기(葉期)까지 90% 이상(以上)의 억제효과(柳制效果)를 보였고, 180ppm 이상(以上)의 농도(濃度)에서는 4엽기(葉期)까지 100%의 억제효과(抑制效果)를 나타내었으나 벼는 엽기(葉期)에 관계(關係)없이 cyhalofop-BE를 180ppm 처리(處理)해도 억제현상(抑制現狀)을 보이지 않아 피와 벼간(間)에 강(彈)한 선택성(選擇性)이 있었다. 2. 피의 줄기, 잎 및 뿌리에 cyhalofop-BE 처리시(處理時) 줄기에 처리(處理)한 것이 초장(草長), 근장(根長) 및 생체중(生體重)에 가장 크게 영향(影響)을 미쳤다. 3. Cyhalofop-BE는 피와 벼의 경엽부(莖葉部) 처리시(處理時) 피에서는 지하부(地下部) 생장점(生長點)까지 30분내(分內)에로 이행(移行)되어 피의 생육(生育)이 35.3% 억제(抑制)된 반명(反面), 벼는 5% 억제되었으며, 처리후(處理後) 6시간(時間)에는 피는 70%, 벼는 2% 정도(程度) 억제(抑制)되어 본(本) 제초제(除草劑)의 이행(移行)에는 속간(屬間)에 따라 큰 차이(差異)가 있었다. 4. Cyhalofop-BE 처리후(處理後) 피는 1시간(時間)이 지나면 작용점(作用點)에 이행(移行)되어 지상부(地上部) 재생력(再生力)에 영향(影響)을 미치기 시작(始作)하여 처리후(處理後) 7일(日)에는 엽록소(葉綠素) 함량(含量)이 무처리(無處理)에 대하여 18.7%에 불과하여 거의 고사(枯死)되었으나 벼는 약제(藥劑) 처리후(處理後) 지상부(地上部)의 재생력(再生力)에 차이가 없었으며 Chlorophyll함량(含量) 변화(變化)도 보이지 않아 강(强)한 내성(耐性)을 보였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.31-68
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• 1985

Authors are trying to unveil the ultrastructural organization of olfactory bulb, which has been summerized under light microscopic level or communicated only in some detail in different view point until now. For the critical point of view, since the phylogenetical approach will give the ultimate value in the correlative study between structural and functional bases (Brodal, 1969), the present study was carried out light and electron microscopic analyses of the structures of the neurons and synaptic organizations in olfactory bulbs from different animals in phylogenetical scale. We selected each one species from five animal classes: the house rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus var. domesticus [Gmelin]) from Mammalia, the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson) from Aves, the viper (Agkistrodon hylys [G.P. Pallas]) from Reptilia, a frog (Bombiana orientalis Boulenger) from Amphibia and the crussian carp (Carassius carassius [Linne]) from Pisces. For light microscopic study, samples were fixed in 10% formalin and paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. For the electron microscopic study, the tissues were fixed by perfusion through the heart or immersion with 1% paraform-aldehyde-glutaraldehyde mixture (phosphate buffer, pH 7.4), and final tissue block trimmed under dissecting microscope were osmicated (1% OsO4), they were embedded in Araldite or Epon 812, and ultrathin sections were made by LKB-V ultratome following the inspection of semi-thin sections stained with toluidine blue-borax solution. Ultra-thin sections contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100CX electron microscope. We have summerized our morphological analyses as follows: 1. The olfactory bulb of rabbit, viper and frog shows the eight layers of fila olfactoria, glomerular, external granular, external plexiform, mitral cell, internal plexiform, internal granular, medullary but domestic fowl shows the five layers of glomerular, fibrillar, mitral, granular and medullary and the three layers of fibrilla, glomerular and medullary in crussian carp. The sharpness of demarcation between the layers shows deferential tendency according to phylogenetical order. 2. Mitral cells of vertebrate have large triangular or oval shape with spherical nuclei which contain not so much chromatin. The cytoplasm contains numerous cell organelles, of which Nissl's bodies or granular endoplasmic reticula arranged as parallel strands. Development of granular endoplasmic reticula were declined as the phylogentical grade is going lower. 3. Tufted cells of all animal are mostly spindle or polygonal contour and contain oval nuclei which located in periphery of cytoplasm. The nuclei of rabbit, fowl, viper and frog has relatively space chromatin, but a nucleus of crussian carp contain irregularly aggregated chromatin in karyoplasm. Their cytoplasmic volume and cell organelle contents are in between those of mitral cell and granular cell. They contain moderate amount of mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticula, a few Golgi complex, polysomes, lysosome, etc. 4. Granule of cells of all the vertebrate amimals studied exhibit similar features; cells and their dense nuclei show spherical or oval contour, and they have the thin rim of cytoplasm which contain only a few cell organelles. 5. In rabbit, the soma of mitral cells were in contact with boutons with two types of synaptic vesicles, that is, round and flat vesicles, especially flat vesicles in boutons were showing reciprocal synapses. However, in domestic fowls, vipers, frogs and crussian carps, there were found boutons showing only spherical synaptic vesicles. 6. The boutons containing round synaptic vesicles were made contact with the some of tufted cell of olfactory bulb in the rabbits, fowls, vipers and frogs, but no synaptic boutons were observed in soma of tufted cells in crussian carps. In the frogs, there were observed dendrites were contact with the soma of tufted cells. 7. In the neuropils of plexiform, granular and glomerular layers olfactory bulbs in the vertebrate, the synapses were axo-large dendrites, axo-median and small dendrites, dendrodendritic, and axo-axonal contacts. However, in the neuropil of crussian carps, synapses were observed only in glomerular layer.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.341-355
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• 1998

유라시아에 서식하는 등줄쥐 (Apodemus agrarius Pallas) 15 아종의 표본들의 31개 형태 형질의 분석을, 이들 아종들의 분류학적 위치를 검토하기 위하여, 수행하였다. 등줄쥐의 5개 주요 아군 (subgroup)이 나타났다:1. 가장 큰 형 , 한국 2개 섬 지역의 표본, 아종 chejuensis: II, 큰 형, 한국 6개 다른 지역의 표본, 아종 agrarius와 pallescens: III. 다른 큰 형, 서부 러시아 Astrachan의 표본, 아종 volgensis: IV, 중간 크기 형, 동부 아시아의 16개 지역 (북한, 중국, 동부 러시아)의 표본, 아종 coreae, manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis와 insulaemus): V, 작은형, 서부 아시아와 유럽의 16개 지역 (카자스탄, 러시아, 리튜아니아, 우크라이나) 의 표본, 아종 tianschancus, ognevi, agrarius, septentrianalis, nikolski, caucasicus, and karelicus). 본 형태 형질의 분석의 결과로 내린 결론은 다음과 같다. 아종 chejuensis는 Johnson과 Jones (955)이 밝힌 대로 가장 큰 형이다: 아종 pallescens는, 고 (986)가 제안한 바대로, 아종 coreae의 동종이명이다: 한국의 아종 coreae는 큰 형으로 유라시아에 서식하는 다른 12 아종과 다르다: Corbet (1978)가 제안한 동부 아종인 ningpoensis는 중간 크기의 형을 보이는 중국과 동부 러시아의 표본들 (아종 manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis와 insu-laemus)이며, 북한의 표본들도 포함된다: 작은 형인 서부 아시아와 유럽의 표본들 (아종 tianschanicus, ognevi, agrarius, septentrionalis, nikolski, caucasicus, and karelicus)은 Corbet (1978)가 제안한 서부 아종인 agrarius이다: 또 다른 큰 형인 서부 러시아의 아종 volgensis는 서부 아종인 agrarius와 다른 독특한 아종이다. 그러므로, 등줄쥐의 15아종은 5아종 (chejuensis, coreae, ningpoensis, agrarius. and volgensis)으로 재분류할 수가 있다고 판단되지만, 이 종의 완전한 분류를 위해서는 나머지 7개 아종 (albostriatus, maculatus, rubens, kahmanni, henrici, gloved, and harti)의 표본들의 측정과 분석이 필요하다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.158-165
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• 1992

벼 재배환경(栽培環境)에 따라 남부(南部) 평야지(平野地), 중북부(中北部) 평야지(平野地), 중부(中部) 산간지(山間地), 동부(東部) 고랭지(高冷地), 서해안(西海岸) 간척지(干拓地) 등(等) 전국(全國)을 5개(個) 지대(地帶)로 구분(區分)한 후(後), 각(各) 지대(地帶)에서 2개(個) 지역(地域)을 선정(選定)하여 총(總) 10개(個) 지역(地域), 100개(個) 지점(地點)의 논에 발생(發生)한 한류(漢類)의 분포조사(分布調査)를 1991년(年)에 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 채집(採集)된 논조류(藻類)는 남조류(藍藻類) 14속(屬), 녹조류(綠藻類) 29속(屬), 윤조류(輪藻類) 1, 유그레나류(類) 3속(屬), 규조류(硅藻類) 7속(屬) 등(等) 총(總) 54속(屬)이었다. 2. 녹조류(綠藻類)는 평야지(平野地)에서 23 속(屬), 산간(山間) 고랭지(高冷地)에서 15속(屬), 간척지(干拓地)에서 15 속(屬)이 채집(採集)됨으로써 평야지(平野地)에 발생(發生)하는 녹조류(綠藻類)가 다양(多樣)한 편이었다. 3. 규조류(硅藻類)는 평야지(平野地)에서 9속(屬), 산간(山間) 고랭지(高冷地)에서 7속(屬), 간척지(干拓地)에서 4 속(屬)이 채집(採集)됨으로써 간척지(干拓地)에 발생(發生)하는 규조류(硅藻類)는 다양(多樣)하지 않았다. 4. 각(各) 지대(地帶)에서 채집(採集)된 남조류(藍藻類)와 유그레나류(類)의 다양성(多樣性)은 지대(地帶)간에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. 5. 평야지(平野地)에는 Chlamydomonas, Pandornia, Gonium, 등(等) 부유성(浮遊性) 단세포(單細胞) 녹조류(綠藻類)가 넓게 분포(分布)되어 있었고, 산간(山間) 고랭지(高冷地)에는 해캄(Spirogyra), 붓뚜껑말(Oedogonium), 주름말(Ulothrix), 그물말(Hydrodictyon) 등(等) 저서성(底棲性) 다세포(多細胞) 녹조류(綠藻類)가 많이 발생(發生)하였다. 간척지(干拓地)에는 Cladophora, Rhizoclonium 등(等) 부유성(浮遊性) 다세포(多細胞) 녹조류(綠藻類)가 많이 발생(發生)하였다. 6. 남색(藍色)을 띈 괴불에는 흔들말(Oscillatoria)이 주종(主種)을 이루고 있었고 갈색(褐色)을 띈 괴불에는 깃돌말(Navicula)이 우점(優占)하고 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.407-416
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• 2012

본 연구는 콩과식물과 허브식물 및 국내 자생식물체들로부터 estrogen 생성과 대사에 활성을 나타내는 물질을 발굴하기 위하여, 12종의 식물체로부터 식물 유래의 isoflavone류를 포함한 2차대사산물을 용매로 추출하여 지방세포의 지방합성과 축적에 활성을 조사하였다. 활성을 보이는 Q. acutissima, C. lanceolata, P. mirifica, P. bambusoides 및 S. repens 5종의 식물체 용매추출물을 전체중량의 3% 되게 첨가하여 천연 팩을 제조하였으며 임상실험을 통하여 가슴의 탄력과 크기변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. C. lanceolata 추출물을 $25{\mu}g/ml$ 농도로 처리한 곳에서 3T3-L1의 세포성장을 control과 비교했을 때 130% 이상 증가시켰으며, 지방의 축적은 S. repens $H_2O$ 추출물을 처리한 곳에서 190% 정도 지방축적량이 많았으며, C. lanceolata와 P. bambusoides EtOH 추출물을 처리한 곳에서도 각각 145%와 154% 활성이 높게 나타났다. 지방합성을 촉진하는 식물체추출물들을 첨가하여 천연 팩을 제조하였으며, 제조한 팩으로 더마프로에 가슴크기 변화와 탄력에 미치는 영향 등의 임상실험을 의뢰하였다. 임상 실험 결과, 가슴둘레, 탄력, 볼륨이 모두 유의적으로 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었고. 효능에 관한 설문평가 결과, 사용효과 항목에서 80% 이상의 긍정적으로 답하였으며, 사용 후 2주간 효과에 대해 65%이상이 긍정적인 응답을 하였다. 사용성 설문평가 결과 또한 피험자의 90%이상이 긍정적으로 평가하였다. 피부 안전성 평가에서는 피험자 6명이 사용 중 가려움을 호소하였으나, 그 증상이 미약하여 사용에는 문제가 없었으며, 1명은 사용 3일 후 홍반이 관찰되었으나 5일 후 소멸되었고, 그 외의 다른 이상반응은 관찰되지 않아 인체에 대한 부작용의 문제는 없었다. 이상의 연구 결과, Q. acutissima, C. lanceolata, P. mirifica, P. bambusoides 및 S. repens의 추출물을 혼합하여 첨가한 겔타입의 팩 제조물은 여성의 가슴크기 향상과 탄력유지에 유효하다는 사실을 세포수준의 실험과 임상실험에서 그 효과를 확인 할 수 있었다.