• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.107-116
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to delve deeper into the online brand community study. This study tests (a) the effects of online brand community on its outcomes, (b) the impact of value creation practice construct as a whole, (c) the effects of value creating practice construct on the two types of loyalty, loyalty toward the brand and the community. Participants of this study (N=353) are members of four types of online brand communities (e.g., business-to-consumer virtual product support community, firm-hosted online community, user-generated online community, peer-to-peer problem-solving community, and social media based brand community). Data were collected online using Amazon Mechanical Turk from April 10, 2016 to May 10, 2016. The data were analyzed through structural equations modeling using AMOS 20. The three community markers (e.g., consciousness of kind, rituals and traditions, and moral responsibility) and the four value creation practices (e.g., social networking, impression management, community engagement, and brand use) are proved to be significant indicators of online brand community and value creation practice constructs, respectively. Test results showed that strong and effective online brand communities generate value creation practices, and value creation practices enhance brand loyalty. The mediating effects of community loyalty between value creation practices and brand loyalty were revealed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2017

G-induced Loss of Consciousness(G-LOC) can be predicted by measuring Electromyogram(EMG) signals. Existing studies have mainly focused on specific body parts and lacked of consideration with quantitative EMG indices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the indices of EMG signals by human body parts for monitoring G-LOC condition. The data of seven EMG features such as Root Mean Square(RMS), Integrated Absolute Value(IAV), and Mean Absolute Value(MAV) for reflecting muscle contraction and Slope Sign Changes(SSC), Waveform Length (WL), Zero Crossing(ZC), and Median Frequency(MF) for representing muscle contraction and fatigue was retrieved from high G-training on a human centrifuge simulator. A total of 19 trainees out of 47 trainees of the Korean Air Force fell into G-LOC condition during the training in attaching EMG sensor to three body parts(neck, abdomen, calf). IAV, MAV, WL, and ZC under condition after G-LOC were decreased by 17 %, 17 %, 18 %, and 4 % comparing to those under condition before G-LOC respectively. Also, RMS, IAV, MAV, and WL in neck part under condition after G-LOC were higher than those under condition before G-LOC; while, those in abdomen and calf part lower. This study suggest that measurement of IAV and WL by attaching EMG sensor to calf part may be optimal for predicting G-LOC.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1992

Pseudomanas fluorescens was selected from mushroom and studied in both batch and continuous culture in order to find out optimum conditions for cultivation. P. fluorescens is an aerobic bacterium and antagonistic to Pseudomonas tolaasii which causes blotch disease on the mushroom cap. Cells of P. fluorescens were grown well on medium containing 30g/L of glucose, whereas the growth was inhibited with the glucose concentration at higher than 30g/L. The highest value of specific growth rate and productivity were obtained when using 10g/L of yeast extract. Optimum concentrations of $NH_4Cl$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ for culture were found to be 1.0g/L and 0.1g/L respectively. Optimum concentration of $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ used as a sulfur source was 1.0g/L. It was also found that the cell concentrations were at the maximum level when grown on the medium containing 1.0g/L of $KH_2PO_4$ and 0.1g/L of $CaCl_2$. Also, the optimum culture conditions were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. Cultivation of P.fluorescens at high initial dissolved oxygen (D.O) value led to a decrease of bacterial productivity in batch culture. Maximum productivity was achieved at 68 for the initial D.O value.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The health of modern people is threatened by bad eating habits. In order to provide healthy desserts to people, we conducted a study on adding plum concentrate, which is effective for fatigue recovery, insomnia, and prevention of constipation, to scones. In order to examine the utility of scones made by adding plum concentrate, the following experiment was conducted. It was prepared by adding 0g, 3g, 5g, and 7g of plum concentrate to the scone dough, respectively. As a result of the test, the sensory characteristic value was the highest in the experimental group to which 5 g of plum concentrate was added (4.77). There was a significant difference in that the average value tended to increase as the concentration of the plum concentrate increased. As for fragrance, the experimental group with the addition of 5 g of plum concentrate showed the highest sensory characteristic value of 3.62, but there was no significant difference. The experimental group to which 3 g of plum concentrate was added showed higher preference than the control group in most items such as color, flavor, sweetness, and overall preference. This study suggests that the production of scones with plum concentrate has a high potential for commercial use.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.735-744
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• 2003

The field observations on a seasonal characteristic of organic matter and its origin in the surface sediment were carried out at 35 stations in Deukryang bay, southern coast of Korean Peninsula from May 1995 to February 1996. The analytical parameters were mud temperature, ignition loss(IL), chemical oxygen demand(COD), pheopigment, sulfide and water content. The origin and seasonal dynamics of organic matter in Deukryang Bay were analyzed by COD/IL, COD/sulfide ratio and principal component analysis(PCA). As a results of the mud temperature fluctuated between 2.1$^{\circ}C$ with the lowest mean 4.6$^{\circ}C$ in winter and 27.6$^{\circ}C$ with the highest mean 25.5$^{\circ}C$ in summer. The range of ignition loss(IL) was from 3.1% in autumn to 21.5% in winter. Chemical oxygen demand(COD) showed the highest mean value of 8.45 mg/g dry in spring within the range of 2.90∼18.21 mg/g dry, while it showed the lowest value of 4.33 mg/g dry in autumn within the range of 0.67∼10.37 mg/g dry. Pheopigments showed the highest mean value of 9.04 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g dry in autumn within the range of 1.36∼20.44 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g dry, while it did the lowest mean value of 2.20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g dry in summer within the range of 0.33∼11.36 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g dry. The range of total sulfide (H$_2$S) was from no detect(ND) to 3.30 mg/g dry in spring. And water content showed the annual mean value of 43.6% within the range of 23.6∼54.9%. The source of organic matter by COD/IL and COD/sulfide ratio in Deukryang Bay had been producted by primary producer in sea water areas except the areas effected by small stream, domestic and animal wastes. And the analytical results of PCA was able to be divided into three different regions. The former was characterized by the shallow depth and authigenic organic matter from phytoplankton in northwest area and northeastern inner bay, the secondary was done by deeper depth and allochthonous one from lands in southeast area and eastern entrance of bay, and the latter was done by authigenic one from the farm of seaweeds such as, sea cabbage, sea mustard etc in western entrance of bay. But a study on the relationship between sulfide and COD concentration in the northeastern inner bay which was characterized by the water stagnation will to take much more studying including major constituents of organic matter in the future.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.360-366
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• 2011

This study examined the physiochemical and organoleptic properties of the yanggaeng fabricated with different contents of ginger powder. The moisture contents ranged between 39.85% and 47.92%. The yanggaeng made with 0.5 g of ginger powder showed the lowest moisture content of 37.04%, whereas the yanggaeng made with 1.5 g of ginger powder showed the highest moisture content of 47.92%. As for the L value, which indicates lightuess, the yanggaeng made with 1.5 g of ginger powder showed a L value of 13.92, whereas the yanggaeng made with 0.5 g showed the lowest L value of 12.35, (p<0.05). The values for redness (a value) ranged between 4.69 and 5.58, and there was no significant difference as the content of ginger powder increased. The value for yellowness, (b value) ranged between 3.19 and 2.33, and showed a significant decreasing trend as the ginger powder content increased (p<0.05). The sugar concentrations were 53.82~46.56, and decreased as the ginger content increased. The pH ranged between 6.42~6.52, and showed significant differences. As the ginger content increased, changes in hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness, were all significant (p<0.05). Characteristics of cohesiveness and springiness, showed no significant differences. Although there were no significant differences in color, flavor, chewiness, and hardness, there was a decreasing flavor preference as the content of ginger powder increased. There were significant differences in sweetness, moistness, and overall-preference (p<0.05). For overall-preference, the yanggaeng with 1.0 g of added ginger powder showed a high preference level. The study results implied that ginger powder may be used in fabricating yanggaeng. and a 0.5% content of added ginger powder will improve the preference level.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 2019

In 2019, 5G mobile communication technology will be commercialized. From the viewpoint of technological innovation, 5G service can be applied to other industries or developed further. Therefore, it is important to measure the demand of the Internet of things (IoT) because it is predicted to be commercialized widely in the 5G era and its demand hugely effects on the economic value of 5G industry. In this paper, we applied Bayesian method on regression model to find out the demand of 5G IoT service, wearable service in particular. As a result, we confirmed that the Bayesian regression model is closer to the actual value than the existing regression model. These findings can be utilized for predicting future demand of new industries.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2017

Patient-specific image-based internal dosimetry involves using the patient's individual anatomy and spatial distribution of radioactivity over time to obtain an absorbed dose calculation. Individual absorbed dose was calculated by accumulated activity multiply S-value of each organs. The aim of this study was to calculate the S-values using Monte Carlo simulation in monkey and mouse and evaluation of absorbed dose in each organ. Self-irradiation S-value of monkey heart self-irradiation was 3.15E-03 mGy-g/MBq-s, lung self-irradiation was 8.94E-04 mGy-g/MBq-s and liver self-irradiation S-value was 2.23E-03 mGy-g/MBq-s. Mouse heart self-irradiation S-value was 1.95E-01 mGy-g/MBq-s, lung was 9.59E-02 mGy-g/MBq-s, and liver was 1.40E-03 mGy-g/MBq-s. The results of this study show that the calculation protocol of image based individual absorbed dose of each organ using Monte Carlo simulation. Therefore, this study may be applied to calculate human specific absorbed dose.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1996-2004
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• 2007

In this study, the optimization of culture medium using a Sterigmatomyces elviae mutant was investigated using statistical analysis to increase the cell mass and lactosucrose ($^4G-{\beta}$-D-galactosylsucrose) production. In basal medium, the cell mass and lactosucrose production were 4.12 g/l and 140.91 g/l, respectively. However, because of the low cell mass and lactosucrose production, optimization of culture medium was carried out to increase the cell mass and lactosucrose production. Culture media were optimized by the S. elviae mutant using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite designs using RSM were utilized in this investigation. Quadratic models were obtained for cell mass and lactosucrose production. In the case of cell mass, optimal components of the medium were as follows: sucrose 1.13%, yeast extract 0.99%, bactopeptone 2.96%, and ammonium sulfate 0.40%. The predicted maximum value of cell mass was about 5.20 g/l and its experimental value was 5.08 g/l. In the case of lactosucrose production, optimal components of the medium were as follows: sucrose 0.96%, yeast extract 1.2%, bactopeptone 3.0%, and ammonium sulfate 0.48%. Then, the predicted maximum value of lactosucrose production was about 194.12 g/l and the corresponding experimental value was about 183.78 g/l. Therefore, by culturing using predicted conditions, the real cell mass and lactosucrose production increased to 23.3% and 30.42%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1983

Monolayer moisture contents of white ginseng and white ginseng powder were 6.68g/100g and 7.81g/100g respectively, and the corresponding water activity at that moisture were 0.16 and 0.18 respectively. TBA value increased with an increase in relative humidity and storage period, and the increase of TBA value was the lowest at 23-32% R.H.. The variation of fat soluble and water soluble pigment in white ginseng was similar to that of TBA value.