• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.411-425
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• 2011

This paper illustrates the results of a seismic vulnerability study aimed to derive the fragility curves for typical Algerian reinforced concrete bridge piers using an analytical approach. Fragility curves express the probability of exceeding a certain damage state for a given ground motion intensity (e.g., PGA). In this respect, a set of 41 worldwide accelerometer records from which, 21 Algerian strong motion records are included, have been used in a non-linear dynamic response analyses to assess the damage indices expressed in terms of the bridge displacement ductility, the ultimate ductility, the cyclic loading factor and the cumulative energy ductility. Combining the damage indices defined for 5 damage rank with the ground motion indices, the fragility curves for the bridge piers were derived assuming a lognormal distribution.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2012

This study investigated the effects of galacomannans (guar gum, tara gum, and locust bean gum) on the rheological properties of buckwheat starch pastes under steady and dynamic shear conditions. The power law and Casson models were applied to describe the flow behavior of the buckwheat starch and galactomannan mixtures. The values of the apparent viscosity (${\eta}_{a,100}$), consistency index (K), and yield stress (${\sigma}_{oc}$) for buckwheat starch-galactomannan mixtures were significantly greater than those for the control, indicating that there was a high synergism of the starch with galactomannans. The magnitudes of storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") for the starch-galactomannan mixtures increased with increasing frequency (${\omega}$). The dynamic moduli (G', G"), and complex viscosity (${\eta}^*$) for the buckwheat starch-galactomannan mixtures were significantly higher than those for the control.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1995

Hydroxyurea (HU), a DNA synthesis inhibitor, was tested as synchronizing agent in root-tip meristem of Allium wakegi. Roots were treated with 2.5mM HU for 14 h to accumulate meristem root-tip cells at the G1/S interface. After release from HU block, the cells re-entered the cell cycle with a high degree of synchrony. Synchronized mitotic frequency of A. wakegi was 22.7%, which was about 3.9 times as high as that of the control. The highest metaphase index(23.0%) was obtained when, 6 h after release from the HU block, the roots were treated with 0.05% colchicine for 2 h. Modifying various Giemsa staining protocols defined for animals and a few plant species, G-bands were visualized at prometaphase and metaphase chromosomes of A. wakegi. The higher degree of chromosome condensation, the less differential bands could be resolved. This is the first demonstration introduced partial mitotic synchronization into G-banding in plant.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1986

There is hardly any helpful data from the studies on the clothing pressure of men, because most studies about the clothing pressure have been attempted to analyze the case of women. This study, therefore, was done about the men's waist which was most highly pressured of the body. RESULTS: 1. The pressure from the waist when the man puts on summer wears was as follow ; the case when standing, the pressure from the abdomen was 28.99±14.37g/㎠, and the one from the side 34.14±14.79g/㎠, the case when sitting on the chair, the pressure from the abdomen was 31.27±15.59g/㎠, and the one from the side was 33.39±13.23g/㎠. 2. The pressure from the abdomen was increased in proportion to the Rohrer index. 3. The clothing pressure given the waist was lower in case of the men with digestive disorder than the ordinary ones.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.646-655
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• 2012

First, we prove a number of results about interval-valued fuzzy groups involving the notions of interval-valued fuzzy cosets and interval-valued fuzzy normal subgroups which are analogs of important results from group theory. Also, we introduce analogs of some group-theoretic concepts such as characteristic subgroup, normalizer and abelian groups. Secondly, we prove that if A is an interval-valued fuzzy subgroup of a group G such that the index of A is the smallest prime dividing the order of G, then A is an interval-valued fuzzy normal subgroup. Finally, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence the interval-valued fuzzy cosets of an interval-valued fuzzy subgroup A of a group G and the cosets of a certain subgroup H of G.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.369-388
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• 2005

First, we prove a number of results about intuitionistic fuzzy groups involving the notions of intuitionistic fuzzy cosets and intuitionistic fuzzy normal subgroups which are analogs of important results from group theory. Also, we introduce analogs of some group-theoretic concepts such as characteristic subgroup, normalizer and Abelian groups. Secondly, we prove that if A is an intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup of a group G such that the index of A is the smallest prime dividing the order of G, then A is an intuitionistic fuzzy normal subgroup. Finally, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence the intuitionistic fuzzy cosets of an intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup A of a group G and the cosets of a certain subgroup H of G.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1998

We enhanced the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance biosensor by the conversion of the real-time direct binding immunoassay into the sandwich immunoassay, in which colloidal gold particles coated with anti-mouse IgG was used. By the immobilization of anti-mouse IgG onto the carboxymethyl dextran surface of thin gold film, the direct binding of analyte(mouse IgG) onto the sensor chip, and the injection of colloidal gold particles coated with anti-mouse IgG, about 100 times of sensitivity enhancement was obtained. This result suggests that nanoparticles, which has a high refractive index, homogeneous ultrafine structure and capability of size control, would be applicable for the detection of very small quantity of biomaterial.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제30권5_6호
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• pp.871-882
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• 2012

For a connected graph G of order $n$, an ordered set $S=\{u_1,u_2,{\cdots},u_k\}$ of vertices in G is a linear edge geodetic set of G if for each edge $e=xy$ in G, there exists an index $i$, $1{\leq}i$ < $k$ such that e lie on a $u_i-u_{i+1}$ geodesic in G, and a linear edge geodetic set of minimum cardinality is the linear edge geodetic number $leg(G)$ of G. A graph G is called a linear edge geodetic graph if it has a linear edge geodetic set. The linear edge geodetic numbers of certain standard graphs are obtained. Let $g_l(G)$ and $eg(G)$ denote the linear geodetic number and the edge geodetic number, respectively of a graph G. For positive integers $r$, $d$ and $k{\geq}2$ with $r$ < $d{\leq}2r$, there exists a connected linear edge geodetic graph with rad $G=r$, diam $G=d$, and $g_l(G)=leg(G)=k$. It is shown that for each pair $a$, $b$ of integers with $3{\leq}a{\leq}b$, there is a connected linear edge geodetic graph G with $eg(G)=a$ and $leg(G)=b$.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.773-787
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• 2020

In the injection molding process, the controlling stability of products quality is a very important factor in terms of productivity. Even when the optimum process conditions for the desired product quality are applied, uncontrollable external factors such as ambient temperature and humidity cause inevitable changes in the state of the melt resin, mold temperature. etc. Therefore, it is very difficult to maintain prodcut quality. In this study, a system that learns the correlation between process variables and product weight through artificial neural networks and predicts process conditions for the target weight was established. Then, when a disturbance occurs in the injection molding process and fluctuations in the weight of the product occur, the stability control of the product quality was performed by ANN predicting a new process condition for the change of weight. In order to artificially generate disturbance in the injection molding process, controllable factors were selected and changed among factors not learned in the ANN model. Initially, injection molding was performed with a polypropylene having a melt flow index of 10 g/10min, and then the resin was replaced with a polypropylene having a melt floiw index of 33 g/10min to apply disturbance. As a result, when the disturbance occurred, the deviation of the weight was -0.57 g, resulting in an error of -1.37%. Using the control method proposed in the study, through a total of 11 control processes, 41.57 g with an error of 0.00% in the range of 0.5% deviation of the target weight was measured, and the weight was stably maintained with 0.15±0.07% error afterwards.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

Phenological variables derived from remote sensing are useful in determining the seasonal cycles of ecosystems in a changing climate. Satellite remote sensing imagery is useful for the spatial continuous monitoring of vegetation phenology across broad regions; however, its applications are substantially constrained by atmospheric disturbances such as clouds, dusts, and aerosols. By way of contrast, a tower-based ground remote sensing approach at the canopy level can provide continuous information on canopy phenology at finer spatial and temporal scales, regardless of atmospheric conditions. In this study, a tower-based ground remote sensing system, called the "Phenological Eyes Network (PEN)", which was installed at the Gwangneung Deciduous KoFlux (GDK) flux tower site in Korea was introduced, and daily phenological progressions at the canopy level were assessed using ratios of red, green, and blue (RGB) spectral reflectances obtained by the PEN system. The PEN system at the GDK site consists of an automatic-capturing digital fisheye camera and a hemi-spherical spectroradiometer, and monitors stand canopy phenology on an hourly basis. RGB data analyses conducted between late March and early December in 2009 revealed that the 2G_RB (i.e., 2G - R - B) index was lower than the G/R (i.e., G divided by R) index during the off-growing season, owing to the effects of surface reflectance, including soil and snow effects. The results of comparisons between the daily PEN-obtained RGB ratios and daily moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)-driven vegetation indices demonstrate that ground remote sensing data, including the PEN data, can help to improve cloud-contaminated satellite remote sensing imagery.