• 농업과학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1991

각(各) 조건별(條件別) 감자전분(澱粉) 호화액(湖化液)을 Brookfield 단원통(單圓筒) 회전점도계(回轉粘度計)로 실험(實驗)한 리올로지 특성(特性)을 살펴보면, 3-7%의 감자전분(澱粉) 호화액(湖化液)은 모두 강복응력(降伏應力)을 갖는 의가소성(擬可塑性) 유체(流體)로서 시간의존성(時間依存性) 구조붕괴(構造崩壞)를 나타내는 Thixotrophic 특성(特性)을 나타내었다. 여기서 점조도지수(粘租度指數)와 강복응력(降伏應力)은 농도(濃度)에 비례(比例)하였으나, 유동거동지수(流動擧動指數)는 각(各) 조건(條件)에서 일정(一定)한 관계(關係)를 보이지 않았다. 첨가제(添加製)인 인산염(燐酸鹽)을 첨가(添加)하였을 때 호화(湖化) 감자전분(澱粉)의 점조도지수(粘租度指數)와 강복응력(降伏應力)값은 크게 감소(減少)하였으나 유동거동지수(流動擧動指數)의 값은 약간 증가(增加) 하였다. 또한 4% 감자 전분(澱粉) 호화액(湖化液)에서 초기(初期) 및 평충상태(平衝狀態) 에서 활성화(活性化) 에너지를 측정(測定)한 값은 각각 1.52Kcal/g.mole과 1.27 Kcal/g.mole 이었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.442-453
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• 2014

Objectives: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to be the detrimental chemicals in the body, even at low levels, and are stored in adipose tissue. Recently, POPs have been reported to be associated with chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease, and aging and obesity are reported as common factors in chronic disease. However, there have been only a few studies on the associations of POPs with age and body mass index (BMI) in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed the associations of serum POPs levels with age and BMI in Korea. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 444 subjects (253 men and 191 women) from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (2004-2011). Serum levels of 33 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured by a gas chromatographer (Agilent 6890) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometer (JEOL JMS-800D). Results: Concentrations of PCB 153 (men: 12.26 ng/g lipid, women: 10.50 ng/g lipid) and p,p'-DDE (men: 94.66 ng/g lipid, women: 96.66 ng/g lipid) were the highest among serum PCBs and OCPs, respectively. PCBs and OCPs were significantly positively correlated with age in both sexes. After adjustment for age, non-dioxin like PCBs were significantly negatively correlated with body mass in women. However, cis-heptachlor epoxide was significantly positively correlated with body mass index in both sexes. When analyzed by sex, stronger associations were shown between POPs and age in men and POPs and BMI in women. Conclusion: These results may provide baseline data for the study of POPs and for the health management field in Korea.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.427-431
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• 2008

해수 하에서 경시변화에 따른 경질 폴리우레탄 폼의 물성변화를 알아보기 위해 이소시아네이트 인덱스를 변화시키며 경질 폴리우레탄 폼(PUF)을 합성하였다. 해수 하에서 이소시아네이트의 인덱스가 90, 100, 130, 150으로 증가함에 따라 PUF의 인장강도는 각각 10%, 3%, 7%, 4%씩 감소하였고, 압축강도는 각각 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%씩 감소하였다. PUF의 물성저하를 규명하기 위해 PUF의 기공을 확인한 결과 기공의 변화는 없었다. 해수 하에서 PUF의 유리전이온도($T_g$), 인장 모듈러스는 증가하였는데 적외선 스펙트럼 분석결과 우레아, 알로파네이트, 바이우렛이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 해수 하에서 PUF는 가교도 증가하고 이로 인해 폼이 brittle하게 형성되어 $T_g$의 증가에도 불구하고 기계적 물성이 저하된 것으로 사료된다. 해수 하에서 PUF의 물성변화를 고찰하기 위해 만능시험기, 시차 주사 열량계, 주사 전자 현미경, 적외선 분광계를 이용하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2007

A species composition and population structure of fish, collected 16 times by bottom otter trawl in the coast of Geumo Island, from February 2002 to November 2005, was investigated. The fish species caught by bottom otter trawl from year 2002 to 2005 was entirely 72 species, 41 classes, and 12 orders, and the number of appearance and biomass was 5,999 individuals and 287,902.1g, respectively, being of the Perciformes(31 species and 19 classes; 43.1% in total number of species appeared) as a dominant species. 638 individuals of Leiognathus nuchalis which was 10.6% in total fish were appeared and 465 individuals of Konosirus punctatus(7.8%), 449 individuals of Engraulis japonicus(7.8%). biomass of Sebastes schlegeli was 33,258.7g as a dominant species(11.6% in total fish appeared) and 18,821.1g of Liparis agassizii(6.5%), 16,708.0g of Konosirus punctatus(5.8%). The diversity index of species per months of the collected by a small otter trawl in coastal water of Geumodo from year 2002 to 2005 was 2.860-3.639 and the evenness index was 0.825-0.887 in case of dominance index was 0.224-0.268 against the evenness index. The similarity of community structure per yearly was very high because of the relative difference(0.006), which was the least in 2004 and 2005.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제4C권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

The field utilization factor (equation omitted) (the mean electric field / the maximum electric field) of standard sphere gaps was calculated by the charge simulation method, taking into account the ground plane and shanks. n changes mainly with g/r and slightly with 1$_1$, 1$_2$ and 1, where D=2r is the sphere diameter, g is the gap length, 1$_1$ and 1$_2$, respectively, are the lengths of the upper and lower shank, and t is the shank diameter. Generally, (equation omitted) increases as 1$_1$,1$_2$ and t each becomes larger. IEC standard 60052(2002) limits t$\leq$0.2D 1$_1$$\geq$1D and prescribes A=1$_2$＋D＋g where A is the height of the spark point on the upper sphere. Therefore, (equation omitted) is the largest when A=9D and the smallest when A=3D. The simple equation of a straight line, (equation omitted)=1- (g/3r), can generally be used as a representative value of (equation omitted) for a wide variety of sphere diameters that are permitted by the IEC standard. The maximum electric field E$_{m}$ at sparkover of standard air gaps has also been calculated by the relation E$_{m}$=V/(equation omitted)g). E$_{m}$ describes a U-curve for g/r, up to the sphere diameter of 1 m. Moreover, for 1.5-m and 2-m diameters and especially .for negative polarity, sparkover voltages have been calculated by integration of the ionization index.index.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2005

This study was conducted to clarify the morphological characteristics of Goheung native garlic variety compared with those of Spain and Taiwan varieties in Goheung region. Bulb fresh weights of Goheung, Spain and Taiwan varieties were 59.1g, 120.3g and 78.1g. Those bulb diameters were as followed that Spain 8.1cm, Taiwan 7.2cm and Goheung 5.3cm. And, bulb heights were Spain 5.4cm, Taiwan 4.4cm and Goheung 4.0cm. Bulb shape index of garlics by different varieties were increased in the order of Taiwan, Spain and Goheung products. Number of cloves produced in garlics were in the order of Goheung (12.1), Taiwan (11.4) and Spain (8.2) products. And clove fresh weight of garlics were Spain (7.7g), Taiwan (6.8g) and Goheung (4.6g) products. Clove height of garlics were in the order of Spain (2.8cm), Taiwan (2.4cm) and Goheung (2.1cm) products. And, clove diameter of garlics were Spain (2.1cm), Taiwan (1.7cm) and Goheung (1.3cm) products. Clove shape index of garlics by different varieties were increased in the order of Goheung (1.62), Taiwan (1.45) and Spain (1.32) products. Skin color differences in terms of a value were increased in the order of Goheung, Taiwan and Spain varieties. Surface color differences of flesh texture and peeled clove for garlics by the different garlic varieties were not significant.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.607-618
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• 2013

Marine macroalgal community structures and characteristics of ocean environmental factors were examined seasonally at four sites in Jeju Island, Korea, from March to November 2012. A total of 71 macroalgal species were identified, including 9 green, 7 brown, and 55 red algae. Peyssonnelia capensis occurred at all study sites and in all seasons. The average annual biomass of seaweed was 991.84 g wet $wt/m^2$, with seasonal variations from 543.80 g in autumn to 1,284.17 $g/m^2$ in summer. A green alga, Codium coactum, was the dominant species, occupying 21.31% (211.39 $g/m^2$) of the total algal biomass in Jeju Island. Subdominant species were Ecklonia cava and Lithophyllum okamurae, comprising 20.85% (206.75 $g/m^2$) and 19.64% (194.75 $g/m^2$), respectively, of the total algal biomass in Jeju Island. The vertical distribution of subtidal seaweeds was represented by L. okamurae at 5 m depth, C. coactum at 10 m depth, E. cava at 5-10 m depth and P. capensis at the 20 m depth level. In the present study, crustose coralline algae, which predominated on barren ground, were subdominant species at all study sites. Community indices varied between 0.51-0.63 for dominance index (DI), 5.53-8.14 for richness index (R), 0.51-0.63 for evenness index (J'), and 2.04-2.32 for diversity index (H'). On the basis of seaweed biomass and community indices, Sinchang was the best preserved coastal area, showing maximal values in biomass, and evenness- and diversity-indices, and minimal value in the dominance index, representing stable environmental conditions. In contrast, the Onpyung and Topyeong sites, located near tourist venues such as Udo and Seogwipo were relatively poor habitats based on community indices and biomass. The present results could imply that climate changes alter seaweed community structure, and long-term monitoring of the study sites is required.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.99-102
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• 2012

Serum samples, 100 in the total number, were collected from different laboratories in Tehran, Iran and tested for anti-Toxoplasma specific IgG and IgM antibodies using indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Using the IgG (chronic) and IgM (acute) positive samples, the IgG avidity test was performed by ELISA in duplicate rows of 96-well microtiter plates. One row was washed with 6 M urea and the other with PBS (pH 7.2), then the avidity index (AI) was calculated. Sixteen out of 18 (88.9%) sera with acute toxoplasmosis showed low avidity levels ($AI{\leq}50$), and 76 out of 82 (92.7%) sera in chronic phase of infection showed high avidity index (AI>60). Six sera had borderline ranges of AI. The results showed that the IgG avidity test by ELISA could distinguish the acute and chronic stages of toxoplasmosis in humans.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.932-938
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• 1997

Changes in viscosity and dynamic theological properties of Job's-tears were measured by Bohlin dynamic tester as a function of moisture, and measurement was performed within a linear viscoelastic range. The result of the shear stress vs shear rate of Job's-tears at different moisture contents $(50{\sim}75%)$ was applied to mathematical models and Herschel-Bulkley model showed the highest correlation coefficient. Lower moisture content (55%) produced higher yield stress and consistency index, but lower flow behavior index, whereas higher moisture content showed reverse effects. Job's-tears with $50{\sim}70%$ moisture contents showed a higher storage modulus (G') than loss modulus (G') at all frequencies, showing a higher concentrated polymer characteristics. However, higher moisture content (>75%) showed crossover point between G' and G', and frequency dependency. As the moisture content was increased, the amount of viscoelastic properties such as G', G', complex viscosity decreased during heating, and initial temperature and miximum value of viscoelastic properties shifted to higher temperatures, representing the moisture-dependence of Job's-tears upon theological properties.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2018

Hawthorn is widely distributed in Korea and has been used as herbal medicine for treating various cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis and hypertension in Korea. In order to select superior honey tree plant from Korea, the free sugar and organic acid in hawthorn fruits, including five Korean clones and four Chinese cultivars, were evaluated. We also compared these hawthorn fruits of five clones (selected from different area of Korea) with Chinese hawthorn cultivars. Glucose, galactose, fructose and sucrose were the major sugar components of hawthorn. In this study, we observed that sucrose, glucose and fructose content. The highest sucrose content of hawthorn fruit was 188.12g/100g in Daegeumseong cultivar. The sweetness index, which plays important role of taste, was also calculated from the content of sucrose, glucose and fructose. The contribution of each carbohydrate was calculated, based on the fact that fructose is 2.30 and sucrose 1.35 times sweeter than glucose. The highest sweetness of hawthorn fruit was 579.52 in Pocheon clone. Main organic acid detected in hawthorn fruit were citric acid, malic acid and shikimic acid. The highest citric acid and malic acid content in hawthorn fruit were 157.50g/100g (Pocheon 3) and 34.12g/100g (Daegeumseong), respectively. The results of this study would be helpful for using food and functional food products, due to the beneficial effects of free sugar and organic acid for human health such as antioxidants and anticarcinogenic properties.