• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.699-706
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• 2022

Recently, hydrogen production is attracting attention. In this study, a process simulation was conducted on the gasification reaction to produce hydrogen using rice husks, which are produced as by-products of rice. For this purpose, Chuchung, Odae, and Dongjin rice, which are rice varieties produced in Korea, were compared with the literature. The Korean rice contained more hydrogen and less oxygen compared to the literature. As a result of the simulation, large amounts of H₂ and CH₄ and small amounts of CO₂ and CO were produced accordingly. The conditions to maximize hydrogen production were a gasification reaction temperature of 700℃ and an Steam-to-Biomass (S/B) ratio of 0.4-0.6. However, because the S/B ratio is related to the gasification catalyst degradation, the model needs to be improved through additional experiments in the future. This study showed the possibility of hydrogen production using Korean rice husks, which had not been reported.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.291-303
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• 2013

After establishing national greenhouse gas emission reduction goals, the South Korean government has been pursuing sector- and industry-specific greenhouse gas emission reduction measures; in support of which, metropolitan city / state governing entities, such as Gyeonggi Province, etc., have been in lock steps by establishing and executing climate change measures that are appropriate for the regional characteristics. However, in the case of local governments, difficulties abound due to the fact that the per-unit greenhouse gas emission amounts and the future emission estimates for establishing reduction targets are not clear. In order to establish correct climate change measure policies, the policy directions and the assessment of verified greenhouse gas emission amounts would need to serve as the basis, and along with the national level climate change effect and vulnerability assessment, there's a need to develop methodologies that take into consideration the local characteristics and conditions. To this end, this study calculated the greenhouse gas emission amounts of the City of Siheung, a basic local government in Gyeonggi Province, by using the GEBT (Greenhouse gas Emission Business-as-usual Tool) developed by the National Institute of Environmental Research to facilitate easy calculations of BAU (business-as-usual) emission quantities by local governing entities.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2B
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• pp.121-135
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• 2010

This study is to assess the effect of potential future climate change on the inflow of agricultural reservoir and its impact to downstream streamflow by reservoir operation for paddy irrigation water supply using the SLURP. Before the future analysis, the SLURP model was calibrated using the 6 years daily streamflow records (1998-200398 and validated using 3 years streamflow data (2004-200698 for a 366.5 $km^2$ watershed including two agricultural reservoirs (Geumgwang8 and Gosam98located in Anseongcheon watershed. The calibration and validation results showed that the model was able to simulate the daily streamflow well considering the reservoir operation for paddy irrigation and flood discharge, with a coefficient of determination and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ranging from s 7 to s 9 and 0.5 to s 8 respectively. Then, the future potential climate change impact was assessed using the future wthe fu data was downscaled by nge impFactor method throuih bias-correction, the future land uses wtre predicted by modified CA-Markov technique, and the future ve potentiacovfu information was predicted and considered by the linear regression bpowten mecthly NDVI from NOAA AVHRR ima ps and mecthly mean temperature. The future (2020s, 2050s and 2e 0s) reservoir inflow, the temporal changes of reservoir storaimpand its impact to downstream streamflow watershed wtre analyzed for the A2 and B2 climate change scenarios based on a base year (2005). At an annual temporal scale, the reservoir inflow and storaimpchange oue, anagricultural reservoir wtre projected to big decrease innautumnnunder all possiblmpcombinations of conditions. The future streamflow, soossmoosture and grounwater recharge decreased slightly, whtre as the evapotransporation was projected to increase largely for all possiblmpcombinations of the conditions. At last, this study was analysed contribution of weather, vegetation and land use change to assess which factor biggest impact on agricultural reservoir and stream watershed. As a result, weather change biggest impact on agricultural reservoir inflow, storage, streamflow, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and groundwater recharge.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.42.1-42.6
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• 2023

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most important emerging transboundary diseases. Recently, LSD has emerged in many countries in the northern hemisphere. The LSD virus has a huge genome and is highly resistant to environmental conditions. The virus is also host-specific and large ruminants, such as cattle and domestic water buffalo, are particularly susceptible. In addition, wild ruminants can serve as potential reservoirs for spreading the LSD virus. The emergence might be related to climate change in various regions because LSD is an arthropod-borne infectious disease. This disease causes enormous economic losses, such as leather damage, decreased milk production, abortion, and death in infected ruminants. The economic importance of LSD in the bovine industry has forced countries to develop and implement control strategies against the disease. With the recent global spread and the economic impact, LSD will be discussed intensively. In addition, effective preventive measures are suggested based on the presence or absence of LSD outbreaks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2017

The most drought resistant among the five most important cereal crops, and a key dual-use (grain and biomass) crop in regions containing some of the world's most degraded soils, sorghum has inherent climate resilience that is likely to become more important under environmental conditions that are projected by many climate change models. The importance of sorghum might be further elevated by the development of productive genotypes that increase the extent and duration of soil cover beyond those of conventional annual crops, mitigating or even reversing losses of ecological capital through multiple crops from single plantings. Rich genetic and genomic resources have been developed to link Sorghum phenotypic diversity to its molecular basis, and in particular the genus has become a model for dissecting the molecular control of perenniality. Nature has made Sorghum perennial at least twice, and crosses between wild perennials and cultivated sorghums show the feasibility of developing genotypes with varying degrees of investment in perenniality while still providing harvestable food, feed, sugar and/or cellulose. Genetic analysis of progeny from these crosses is revealing the hereditary basis of traits related to ratooning and perenniality and providing diagnostic DNA markers. One perennial Sorghum species has adapted to continents and latitudes far beyond the reach of its progenitors, surviving stresses year after year that are only periodically experienced by conventional (annual) sorghum, and may also harbor novel alleles that may mitigate production challenges in conventional annual sorghums.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2019

Groundwater and rainwater are the only sources of freshwater in small islands as many islands lack surface water sources. Groundwater occurring in the form of freshwater lens floating on denser seawater is highly dependent on natural recharge from rainfall. A sharp interface numerical model for regional and well scale modeling is selected to assess the sustainability of freshwater lens in the island of Tongatapu. In this study, 29 downscaled General Circulation Model(GCM) predictions are input to the recharge model based on water balance modelling. Three GCM predictions which represent wet, dry and medium conditions are selected for use in the groundwater flow model. Total freshwater volume and number of saltwater intruded wells are simulated under various climate scenarios with GCM predicted rainfall pattern, sea level rise and pumping. Simulations indicate that the sustainability of the freshwater lens is threatened by the frequent droughts which are predicted under all scenarios of recharge. The natural depletion of the lens during droughts and increase in water demands, leads to saltwater upconing under the pumping wells. Implementation of drought management measures is of utmost importance to ensure sustainability of freshwater lens in future.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2015

Various crop models have been extensively used for estimation of the crop yields. Compared to the other models, the EPIC model uses a unified approach to simulate more than 100 types of crops. It has been successfully applied in simulating crop yields for various combinations of weather conditions, soil properties, crops, and management schemes in many countries. The objective of this study was to estimate the rice and maize yield in South Korea using the EPIC model. The input datasets for the 30 types in the 11 categories were created for the EPIC model. The EPIC model simulated rice and maize yields. The performance of the EPIC model was evaluated with the goodness-of-fit measures including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Relative Error (RE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSEC), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Pearson Correelation Coefficient (r). The rice yield showed to more high accuracy than maize yield on four type of method without NSEC. Theses results showed that the EPIC model better simulated rice yields than maize yields. The results suggest that the EPIC crop model can be useful to estimate crop yield in South Korea.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.658-659
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• 2015

GCM and scenario uncertainties are first investigated for 5 major watersheds (Han River, Paldang dam, Namhan River, Bukhan River and Imjin River watersheds). As a result of this study, it is found that CCSM3-based annual precipitation increases linearly with respect to the 10-year moving average values while CSIRO-based precipitation does not show much of trend. The results from annual DJF mean precipitation show a similar trend with respect to their 10-year moving average values. Both CCSM3- and CSIRO-based annual JJA mean precipitation do not show much of trend toward 21^st century. In general, CCSM3-based precipitation values are slightly higher than CSIRO-based values with respect to their annual and annual JJA mean precipitation values, but CSIRO-based annual DJF mean precipitation values are slightly higher than CCSM3-based values. In case of mean air temperature between CCSM3 and CSIRO during 21^st century, all of results show a clear trend in warming with the passage of time for 5 watersheds. However the upward trends from CCSM3-based values slow down toward end of 21^stcentury while CSRIO-based values increases almost linearly.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.179-207
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• 2023

Carbon neutrality, the international community's practical challenge in response to climate change, is becoming a key industrial strategy for the future development of nations. Despite concerns that China, as an economic powerhouse in the G2, may face challenges leading global climate change efforts due to its high-carbon-emitting industrial structure, it is leveraging carbon neutrality to enhance its industrial competitiveness. The Chinese government has formulated national policies for achieving carbon neutrality and detailed sector-specific plans to implement them. In particular, it aims to leverage carbon neutrality industrial strategies as a lever for adjusting the domestic industrial structure and fostering new industries, at the same time responding to international climate norms and external pressures. However, the effectiveness of carbon-neutral industrial strategies is expected to vary based on regional conditions such as economic and industrial levels. This article analyzes the regional conditions for implementing carbon neutrality in China, as well as the contents and characteristics of major industrial policies. Due to differing levels of economic development and industrial structures, significant variations in carbon emissions, size, emission sources, and efficiency are inevitable across regions. These disparities introduce diverse initial conditions and endogenous factors in pursuing carbon-neutral goals, limiting the direction and implementation of carbon-neutral industrial strategies favoring certain regions. In particular, the extent of policy autonomy granted to local governments regarding carbon neutrality implementation will influence the regional dynamics of central-local environmental governance. Consequently, it is crucial to emphasize regional monitoring alongside comprehensive national research to accurately navigate the path towards carbon neutrality in China. In summary, the article underscores the importance of understanding regional variations in economic development, industrial structure, and policy autonomy for successful carbon neutrality implementation in China. It highlights the need for regional monitoring and comprehensive national research to determine a more precise direction for achieving carbon neutrality.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.346-358
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• 2023

Due to the acceleration of climate change or global warming, it is important to predict rice productivity in the future and investigate physiological changes in rice plants. The research aimed to explore how rice adapts to climate change by examining the response of nitrogen absorption and nitrogen use efficiency in rice under elevated levels of carbon dioxide and temperature, utilizing the SPAR system for analysis. The temperature increased by +4.7 ℃ in comparison to the period from 2001 to 2010, while the carbon dioxide concentration was held steady at 800 ppm, aligning with South Korea's late 21st-century RCP8.5 scenario. Nitrogen was applied as fertilizer at rates of 0, 9, and 18 kg 10a^-1, respectively. Under conditions of climate change, there was an 81% increase in the number of panicles compared to the present situation. However, grain weight decreased by 38% as a result of reduction in the grain filling rate. BNUE, indicative of the nitrogen use efficiency in plant biomass, exhibited a high value under climate change conditions. However, both NUEg and ANUE, associated with grain production, experienced a notable and significant decrease. In comparison to the current conditions, nitrogen uptake in leaves and stems increased by 100% and 151%, respectively. However, there was a 25% decrease in nitrogen uptake in the panicle. Likewise, the nitrogen content and NDFF (Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer) in the sink organs, namely leaves and roots, were elevated in comparison to current levels. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure resources by mitigating the decrease in ripening rates under climate change conditions. Moreover, there seems to be a requirement for follow-up research to enhance the flow of photosynthetic products under climate change conditions.