• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.9 s.240
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• pp.1235-1242
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• 2005

A district heating(DH) system supplies environmentally-friend heat and is appropriate for reduction of energy consumption and/or air pollutions. The DH transmission pipe, composed of supply and return pipes, has been used to transmit the heat and prevent heat loss during transportation. The two types of pipes are operated at a temperature of $75\~115^{\circ}C\;and\;40\~65^{\circ}C$, respectively, with an operating pressure of less than 1.568MPa. The objectives of this paper are to systematize data processing of transition temperature and investigate its effects on fatigue life of DH pipes. For the sake of this, about 5 millions temperature data were measured during one year at ten locations, and then available fatigue lift estimation schemes were examined and applied to quantify the specific thermal fatigue life of each pipe. As a result, a relational database management system as well as reliable fatigue lift evaluation procedures is established for Korean DH pipes. Also, since the prototypal evaluation results satisfied both cycle-based and stress-based fatigue criteria, those can be used as useful information in the future fer optimal design, operation and energy saving via setting of efficient condition and stabilization of water temperature.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 1995

Housewife plays a significant role in maintaining a health family life. If she can not function adequately due to high stress, it will affect quality of life of the household members. It also interferes with the normal process of family development. Futhermore, dysfunctional family will have effects on morale of the servicemen in military. This is a descriptive study. The main purpose of this study is to compare the level and types of stress between a group of military wives and a group of civilian wives and provide a data which can be used to develop a stress management program. Sample consist with 250 military wives and 250 civilian wives residing in metro Seoul area. Data collection was done during October 4, 1994-November 30, 1994. Stress was measured with the instrument developed by the researcher. The cronbach's ${\alpha}$ score of the instrument was .91. The data was analyzed by using SPSS-PC. The results of this study are : 1. The stress score was 47.09 for military wives, 36.56 for civilian wives. The range of score was 0-192. The stress level of military wives was greater than civilian wives. (t=4.80, P<.000) 2. The rank order of stressors of military wives were 1) move 2) residential environment 3) purchase of house 4) holidays. The rank order of stressors of civilian wives were 1) husband late return after work 2) arguments with husband 3) holidays 4) husband's drinking problem. The result shows that the main stressors of military wives are frequent moves, residential environment, uncertainty of the future, unsafe work environment of husband, and the lack of private life which are all associated with the military. Therefore, it is urgently needed to distribute this facts through military journal to understand the characteristic of the stress of military wives, and to develope appropriate health care program to lessen the stress.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1997

To quantitatively investigate the nationwide drought characteristics and to comparatively evaluate the 1994-1995 drought with several past droughts of significant magnitude regional frequency analysis is made for the meteorological stations in each of the 47 subbasins covering the whole nation. With monthly precipitation data for the period of records at the stations in each subbasin low precipitation data series of various durations are formulated with the running totals of monthly data and fitted to probability distributions. The method of L-method of L-moments is used to determine the unbiased parameters of each distribution, and using the best-fit distribution for each subbasin the low precipitations of various durations with return periods of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 years are estimated. The drought frequency maps are drawn with the low drought frequency analysis the drought of 1994-1995 is evaluated in its severity and areal extent in comparison with four other past drought of significance. The current practice of safety standards for the design of impounding facilities is also evaluated with reference to the recurrence interval of the severe drought, and a recommendation is made for the future design standard.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 2006

This study analyzed the technological change of Korean sawmill industry affected by change of factor price. An aggregate cost function has been estimated to analyze the technological change in Korean sawmill industry between 1970 and 2003 to the technical bias and scale effect. There was substitution among labour, capital, and material, especially in more elastic relation between labour and capital. In addition, domestic sawmill industry was progressed into structure which is biased to labour saving, and capital and material using because of increase of labour price. Since Korean sawmill industry's technology still exhibits an increasing returns to the scale, the large amount of investment has contributed to productivity growth, and the future productivity growth continually depend on the scale effect for some time.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of the study was to survey satisfaction with physical therapy. Methods: After the physical therapy consultation, patients filled in a Korean-language version of the 20-tiem version of the MedRisk Instrument developed for measuring Patient Satisfaction with physical therapy. Items are scored on a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The last two items are general satisfaction and future return to the clinic. Age and gender information was also collected anonymously. Exploratory factor analysis based on principal components analysis with varimax rotation was performed on the first 18 items of the MedRisk Instrument using SPSS v.20. Results: Four factors emerged with eigenvalues greater than 1, and these cumulatively explained 55% of the total variance in item scores. The factors were labelled: Internal, External Positives, External Negatives, and Clinic Presentation. Correlations of the factor scores with the two global items ranged from 0.29 to 0.70 (both p<0.001). Gender differences were only found on the last factor, with male Korean patients rating Clinic Presentation significantly higher than females (p=0.001). Conclusion: Using factor analysis, the proposed factor structure was revealed using the positive and negative components of the external aspects of the physical therapy and by identifying a clinic presentation which contributes to patients' satisfaction. The largest proportion of the variance in Patient Satisfaction was related to clinicians' attention and behaviour. The results of the analysis provide guidelines as to the dimensions of professional physical therapy care and the implications for service delivery and patient experience.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.83-107
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• 2010

This study looked into the inner experience of foster mothers who adopted children under 3 months old and found out they were disabled while they were rearing with Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews were used with six foster mothers who live in Seoul, Gwangju, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do. The study resulted in a hermeneutic writing with titled "Love of Mothers Who Want to Make Their Children's Dreams Come True" with six essential themes as follows: 'being at a loss wrapped in a dense fog,' 'venting off the frustration,' 'gratitude amid painfulness,' 'bold confrontation with prejudices,' 'disabled children's return to the center of their moms' life,' and 'expectation for their future life.' As they are disabled, foster mothers want to rear their children with more care and attention to make their children's dreams come true. Seen above, this could be interpreted as mothers' love to a life. For foster mothers, the disability of their adopted children is not a burden but an expectation for a new world. They help the children live by themselves. It shows that every child can have his own home.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.9 s.109
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• pp.157-175
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to establish a theoretical concept of nudism from sociocultural context, to examine its formative characteristics, to analyze the cultural meaning of nudism style showing in the 2000's fashion world, and to analyze and examine its aesthetic qualities. The way of a study was based on analysis and review on philosophy, aesthetics, sociology, popular culture and various documents at home and abroad and previous study and research materials about art and clothes for theoretical study. Also, we carried out a case study by analyzing photo data from fashion books, magazines and internet websites, considering the body and dress as visual objects. The summary and conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. Nudism of the sociocultural context was divided into change of understanding of the body and liberation of the body; naturalism; resistant culture; psychoanalysis context. 2. The formative characteristics of nudism style in fashion are classified in Exposure, Transparency and Body Conscious. 3. The cultural meaning of nudism style expressed in the 2000's fashion are sexual opening, surfeit of mass media, pursuit of naturalism, lookism, and individualism. 4. Nudism style expressed in 2000's fashion is drawn as three aesthetic qualities: Eroticism, Primitivism and Futurism. First, Eroticism of nudism style fashion which seeks for sexual stimulus is classified in Sensualism, Provocation and Innocence. Second, Primitivism of nudism style fashion which tends towards naturalism objecting to mechanic and digital civilization and hoping for return to the origin is classified in Primitivism, Naturalism and Sensualism as per aesthetics qualities. Futurism which is the nudism style presenting futuristic expression through using a new material is analyzed as High Technology, Cyber Sexism and functional Future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-116
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• 2005

When people contact the government they can use a variety of channels. That is, they go in person to an office, use a telephone service, access information via the Internet, send a letter, or use a third party. Since the Australian Government first recognised the potential of online technology to improve service delivery in its 1997 Investing for Growth statement, it has articulated its policies and strategies for e-government in a number of papers. E-government involves government agencies delivering better programs and services online through the use of new information and communication technologies. The policy papers included Government Online-The Commonwealth's Strategy, launched in April 2000, and a new framework for e-government, Better Services. Better Government, launched in November 2002. Most recently, the Government released Australia's Strategic Framework for the Information Economy in July 2004. These papers outlined the broad directions and priorities for the future of e-government in Australia, and sought to maintain the momentum of agencies' actions under Government Online. One of its key objectives was for agencies to achieve greater efficiency in providing services and a return on their investments in ICT (Information and Communication Technology)-based service delivery. They also stated that investing in e-government should deliver tangible returns, whether they take the form of cost reductions, increased efficiency and productivity, or improved services to business and the broader community Implementation of the Government policy has led to considerable agency investment in ICT-based service delivery. However government policy also requires managers to ensure that program and service delivery is efficient and effective. Efficient and effective use of ICT has the potential to improve service delivery and to make financial savings. This paper outlines how people are using the channels to contact the government in Australia. It also examines the level of satisfaction they have with those services and their preferences and expectations. In addition, this paper aims at identifying the methods used by Australian Government to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of their delivery of services, and at assessing the adequacy of these methods.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.210-215
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• 2012

The absorption performance of a metal-backed single layered electromagnetic wave absorber is optimized at matching conditions of thickness and frequency indicating the maximum returns loss of incidence electromagnetic wave in the contour map. These matching conditions are obtained by applying the electromagnetic impedance to the transmission line theory, which depend on the complex permeability and complex permittivity of absorber material. The magnetic materials with high permeability can enhance the matching thickness condition to the wide frequency range based on the decrease of permeability with frequency and it can be used as a wideband electromagnetic wave absorber material. Therefore, the magnetic materials with higher saturation magnetization and lower permittivity than NiZn ferrite can be applied to the wideband electromagnetic wave absorber in order to satisfy the newly enforcing the electromagnetic compatibility regulation in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 2008

This study examined the preference and consumption of chungkukjang among elementary school children in Seongnam, Korea. The subjects included 583 students(male 300, female 283) who were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS package. The results showed that 91.9% of the female students, 91.6% of children from nuclear families, and 90.7% of children with stay-at-home mothers, consumed chungkukjang. Among the children who had eaten chungkukjang previously, most had consumed it at home, and 65.5% of the students responded that chungkukjang was tasty. The data also revealed that female students, children from nuclear families, and those with stay-at-home mothers had greater preference for chungkukjang than male students, children from extended families, and those with working mothers. When asked why they dislike chungkukjang, both male and female students who had eaten it responded because 'it smells bad' and that 'it is not tasty'. However, among the students who had never eaten it, the male students replied because 'it is not tasty'(33.3%) and that 'it is not eaten at home'(27.8%), and the primary responses of the female students were 'it is not eaten at home'(65.2%) and 'it is not tasty'(21.7%). However, the subjects who had tried chungkukjang previously answered that in the future they would like to have it more frequently, as compared to the subjects who had never eaten chungkukjang. Therefore, to increase knowledge and improve perceptions of chungkukjang foods, families should give children many opportunities to try them, and in return, children will consume chungkukjang foods with pride. Furthermore, it is important that society as well as mass media, which have great influence on children, show concern and offer support in promoting chungkukjang.