• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제29호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2001

It shows 21st century as a networking society that is moving up the concept of global town and being industrialized with regional and personal connections. Individual's original idea and variety of 21th century may be respected by such environmental change, and age (Literary, human axis, technology axis, nature axis, kaining farming axis are central keyword) of culture that cultural capacity of individual becomes important fetters that create added value is forecasted to become. The moaning for space that is unemployment enemy by change of conceptional environment about cultural life and agreeable quality of life by development of Information-Communication technology may be required newly. As it does interaction along with development of science technique and Information-Communication technology, the future environment of various that complex! Is predicted to form network environment (existence space, cyberspace) newly. Human central interest is risen in technology balance hereupon, and these characteristic escaped in physical system that do with functional special quality and require human central and sensitive interaction. First, if examine about phenomenon by Digitize and chance aspect that is risen in 21th century, Digitize is time that action occurs fusion Tuesday that is various and Blur phenomenon of city·space, and the period to collapse the border between several individual. Second, importance more than man-centered and sensitive aspect of functional physical system is risen by digital age with development of technology medium, and as the five digital senses showed up, it suggests a sensual of the times and therefore the interest and direction get set up for the sensual sides of consumers. Third, special quality is, medium enemy by that digital space connotes meaning disk floret, variability, transparency, space red of extensity etc.. to burn and is digitalised, can be risen by symbolic, original individualities and emotional communication's the importance is required sensitivity enemy who is sympathy horn by fusion anger of individual. Technology of new media may open direction of new communication through interface that did not enjoy so far is going to supply new means that can express own to human

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2018

본 연구는 서울, 경기지역에 있는 사회복지사 200명을 대상으로 편의추출방법을 활용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 20을 이용하여, 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 매개회귀분석실시하였고, 소벨테스트를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 사회복지사의 소진과 조직효과성간의 관계에서 임파워먼트가 매개효과가 있는지를 확인하여 조직효과성을 높일 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 소진과 조직효과성의 하위영역인 직무만족간의 관계에서 임파워먼트는 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 소진과 조직효과성의 하위영역인 이직의도간의 관계에서 임파워먼트는 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 소진되어 있는 사회복지사를 대상으로 사회복지조직에 관한 권한을 부여하는 것보다 안정감을 줄 수 있는 휴식의 장이 필요하다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this nationwide study was to analyze the current state of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic spine tumors according to surgical methods. Methods : Data was extracted from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. Surgery was categorized into three methods : fusion, decompression, and vertebroplasty. Data included patient age, sex, health insurance type, and co-morbidities. Survival rates of metastatic spine tumor patients according to each surgical method were evaluated. Results : Among 1677 patients who had an operation, 823 patients were treated by fusion, 141 patients underwent decompression, and 713 patients were treated by vertebroplasty. The three most prevalent primary tumor sites were the lung, breast, and liver & biliary. On the other hand, the three most prevalent primary tumor sites of patients who underwent surgery were the lung, liver & biliary, and the prostate. The median survival periods for each surgical method in the metastatic spine tumor patients were 228 days for those who underwent surgery, 249 days for decompression, and 154 days for vertebroplasty. Age, sex, and comorbidities significantly affected survival rate. Conclusion : For every primary tumor site, decompression was the least common surgical method during the study period. Although the three surgical methods did not significantly affect the survival period, patients with a poor prognosis tended to undergo vertebroplasty.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2022

Background: Bus driving is a mentally demanding activity that requires prolonged attention to ensure safety. The aim of the study was to assess mental fatigue caused by driving a public bus and to find a profile of workers at higher risk. Methods: We evaluated changes of critical flicker fusion (CFF) (index of central arousal) and heart rate variability (HRV) (index of autonomic balance) in a 6-hour driving shift on a real route, in 31 professional bus drivers, and we tested the influence of personal factors such as sleep quality, BMI, and age. Paired t-test was used to test differences of CFF and HRV between both initial and final phase of driving, while multiple linear regression tested the influence of personal variables on the indexes of mental fatigue. Results: Results showed that CFF significantly decreased after 6 hours of bus driving (41.91 Hz, sd 3.31 vs. 41.15 Hz, sd 3.15; p = 0.041), and heart rate significantly decreased in the final phase of driving, with respect to the initial phase (85 vs. 78 bpm, p = 0.027). Increasing age (beta = -0.729, p = 0.022), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (beta = -0.530, p = 0.04), and diurnal sleepiness (beta = -0.406, p = 0.017) showed a significant effect on influencing mental fatigue. Conclusion: Elderly drivers at higher risk of sleep disorders are more prone to mental fatigue, when exposed to driving activity. Monitoring indexes of central arousal and autonomic balance, coupled with the use of structured questionnaires can represent a useful strategy to detect profile of workers at higher risk of mental fatigue in such duty.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.590-596
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• 2016

Objective : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease that can affect the cervical spine, especially the atlantoaxial region. The present study evaluated the risk factors for atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) development and progression in patients who have undergone surgical treatment. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the data of 62 patients with RA and surgically treated AAS between 2002 and 2015. Additionally, we identified 62 patients as controls using propensity score matching of sex and age among 12667 RA patients from a rheumatology registry between 2007 and 2015. We extracted patient data, including sex, age at diagnosis, age at surgery, disease duration, radiographic hand joint changes, and history of methotrexate use, and laboratory data, including presence of rheumatoid factor and the C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Results : The mean patient age at diagnosis was 38.0 years. The mean time interval between RA diagnosis and AAS surgery was $13.6{\pm}7.0$ years. The risk factors for surgically treated AAS development were the serum CRP level (p=0.005) and radiographic hand joint erosion (p=0.009). The risk factors for AAS progression were a short time interval between RA diagnosis and radiographic hand joint erosion (p<0.001) and young age at RA diagnosis (p=0.04). Conclusion : The CRP level at RA diagnosis and a short time interval between RA diagnosis and radiographic hand joint erosion might be risk factors for surgically treated AAS development in RA patients. Additionally, a short time interval between RA diagnosis and radiographic hand joint erosion and young age at RA diagnosis might be risk factors for AAS progression.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.409-417
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• 1998

경희의료원 치과병원 교정과에 내원한 부정교합자 중 전신 건강 상태가 양호한 123명의 좌측 수완부골 방사선 사진을 이용하여, 초경과 골격성숙도간의 상관관계를 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 초경 발현 연령은 평균 12.31세, 최소 9.6세, 최고 15.6세로 개체간 변이가 심하였다. 2. 초경시 골성숙 상태는 SMI 7,8단계($73\%$), 즉 제5중절골의 골단이 골간을 둘러싸거나 제3말절골의 골간과 골단이 융합되는 단계이며, 초경시의 골격성숙도는 초경 발현 연령에 관계없이 일정하였다. 3. 골성숙단계에 따른 초경 후 경과기간간에는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 4. 요골의 융합은 초경 후 평균 1년 8개월이 지나면 시작되었다. 5.초경 발현 연령에 따른 성장 속도의 비교에서, 만기성숙아(초경을 늦게 경험하는 여아)는 초경 후 14개월이 지나면 요골의 융합이 시작되었고, 조기성숙아(초경을 일찍 경험하는 여아)는 초경후 22개월, 평균성숙아는 초경후 20개월이 지나면 요골의 융합이 시작되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제25권2호통권81호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1997

표고버섯(Lentinula edodes)의 동위효소 양상을 표고 연구의 기초 연구의 일환으로 실시하였다. 균사체의 Tris-HCl 완충액에 용해되는 세포내 효소를 nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel 전기영동 법으로 분리후, peroxidase, esterase, superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alcohol dehydrogenase, ${\alpha}-amylase$ 효소 활성을 측정하였다. 표고는 peroxidase, esterase, superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase 활성이 검출되었으며, 본 연구에서 사용한 방법으로 alkaline phosphatase, alcohol dehydrogenase, ${\alpha}-amylase$ 효소 활성은 검출되지 않았다. 표고버섯의 peroxidase, esterase band는 배양 기간에 따라 큰 차이가 없이 안정하였으며, 동위효소는 표고의 유전적 연구 및 원형질체 융합 후 융합체의 특성 연구에 중요하다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.805-813
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• 1994

Immunohistochemical study on the intestinal tissues obtained from the 21 pigs of the 14 terms in Korea in which the clinical and epidemiological features had indicated the possible outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED) was performed using the indirect immunofluorescence test and/or the immunoperoxidase method in order to detect PED viral antigens in the infected cells of the intestines, and histopathological features were described as well. By immunohistochemical analysis, PED viral antigens were detected in the epithelial cells covering the small intestinal villi and recognized slightly in the cells lining the colonic surface epithelium as well. Occasional fluorescence was also seen in a few intestinal crypt epithelium. On light microscopy, the piglets with PED showed marked villous atrophy and fusion, and severe enterocyte degeneration and desquamation. On the other hand, the older pigs more than 4 week old age was mild villous atrophy and fusion, severe villous epithelial cell proliferation, and moderate mononuclear cell infiltration.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to figure out the radiologic findings and risk factors related to adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using 3-year follow-up radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance image (MRI). Methods : A retrospective matched comparative study was performed for 64 patients who underwent single-level ACDF with a cage and plate. Radiologic parameters, including upper segment range of motion (USROM), lower segment range of motion (LSROM), upper segment disc height (UDH), and lower segment disc height (LDH), clinical outcomes assessed with neck and arm visual analogue scale (VAS), and risk factors were analyzed. Results : Patients were categorized into the ASD (32 patients) and non-ASD (32 patients) group. The decrease of UDH was significantly greater in the ASD group at each follow-up visit. At 36 months postoperatively, the difference for USROM value from the preoperative one significantly increased in the ASD group than non-ASD group. Preoperative other segment degeneration was significantly associated with the increased incidence of ASD at 36 months. However, pain intensity for the neck and arm was not significantly different between groups at any post-operative follow-up visit. Conclusion : The main factor affecting ASD is preoperative other segment degeneration out of the adjacent segment. In addition, patients over the age of 50 are at higher risk of developing ASD. Although there was definite radiologic degeneration in the ASD group, no significant difference was observed between the ASD and non-ASD groups in terms of the incidence of symptomatic disease.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2013

Objective : Although there is no consensus on the ideal treatment of the craniocervical instability, biomechanical stabilization and bone fusion can be induced through occipito-cervical fusion (OCF). The authors conducted this study to evaluate efficacy of OCF, as well as to explore methods in reducing complications. Methods : A total of 16 cases with craniocervical instability underwent OCF since the year 2002. The mean age of the patients was 51.5 years with a mean follow-up period of 34.9 months. The subjects were compared using lateral X-ray taken before the operation, after the operation, and during last follow-up. The Nurick score was used to assess neurological function pre and postoperatively. Results : All patients showed improvements in myelopathic symptoms after the operation. The mean preoperative Nurick score was 3.1. At the end of follow-up after surgery, the mean Nurick score was 2.0. After surgery, most patients' posterior occipito-cervical angle entered the normal range as the pre operation angle decresed from 121 to 114 degree. There were three cases with complications, such as, vertebral artery injury, occipital screw failure and wound infection. In two cases with cerebral palsy, occipital screw failures occurred. But, reoperation was performed in one case. Conclusion : OCF is an effective method in treating craniocervical instability. However, the complication rate can be quite high when performing OCF in patients with cerebral palsy, rheumatoid arthritis. Much precaution should be taken when performing this procedure on high risk patients.