• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.647-659
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• 2008

Colloids are a heterogeneous system in which particles of a few nanometers to hundreds micrometers in size are finely dispersed in liquid medium, but show homogeneous properties in macroscopic scale. They have attracted much attention not only as model systems of natural atomic and molecular self-assembled structures but also as novel structural materials of practical applications in a wide range of areas. In particular, recent advances in colloidal science have focused on nano-bio materials and devices which are essential for drug discovery and delivery, diagnostics and biomedical applications. In this review, first we introduce nano-bio colloidal systems and surface modification of colloidal particles which creates various functional groups. Then, various methods of fabrication of colloidal particles using holographic lithography, microfluidics and virus templates are discussed in detail. Finally, various applications of colloids in metal inks, three-dimensional photonic crystals and two-dimensional nanopatterns are also reviewed as representative potential applications.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2014

In recent years, the convergence of IT and IT sightseeing tour has emerged as a fusion of academic disciplines in the future. Convergence study of social data analysis, raising the heat. Social Network Services (SNS) being utilized in many areas of marketing and to apply the case study is also increasing. This study is based u-smart tourist information systems for mobile learning content design. This is the pattern of things in the template library for things to increase the effectiveness of the learning content to mobile learning content to be converted to a. Design of mobile learning content using u-smart things smart phone app (App) and XMI to go through the design process of utilizing the heat. Future through the design process by implementing a mobile learning content to meet information quality tourist information content to create mobile learning content and learning things that can be content to live it up advantage.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.101-117
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• 2014

A purpose of this study is to learn about the impact on organizational effectiveness by analyzing the relationship between entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities. Investigation was based on the theory of dynamic capabilities of Teece (2002), and established a research model to study the details accordingly. The research hypothesis is as follows. First, entrepreneurship will have a significant impact on dynamic capability. Second, dynamic capabilities will have a significant impact on organizational effectiveness. Survey was conducted for employees in IT ventures, which was used to analyze 412 additional. The results are as follows. Has had a significant impact on organizational effectiveness is the relationship between entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities. In particular, this shows that a high impact on the organizational effectiveness of the organization's dynamic capabilities are assimilation exploitation capabilities, not the absorptive transformation capability of dynamic capabilities. CEO should actively consider whether the employees of the organization are developing the assimilation exploitation capabilities to make an impact on their organization's effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2013

A convergent-divergent nozzle or venturi nozzle has been used to accelerate the wind speed at its throat. The wind speed at the throat is inversely proportional to its area according to the continuity equation. In this numerical study, an airflow phenomena in the venturi system placed at a vertical structure was investigated to understand the vortex effect occurred at the rear-side of the vertical structure on the air speed increment at the throat of the venturi system. For this study, a venturi system sized by $20(m){\times}20(m){\times}6(m)$ was modelled and the area ratio(AR) of the model venturi was 2.86. To see the vortex effect on the air flow acceleration in the venturi throat, two different boundary conditions was defined From the study, it was found that the pressure coefficient(CP) of the venturi system with the vortex formed at the exit of the venturi was about 2.5times of the CP of the venturi system without the vortex effect. The velocity increment rate of the venturi system with the vortex was 61% but 9.5% only at the venturi system without the vortex. Conclusively, it can be said that the venturi system installed in a vertical structure has very positive effect on the flow acceleration at its throat due to the vortex formed at the rear-side of the vertical structure.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.385-389
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• 2015

In this study, it is reported that a large polyprotein can be stoichiometrically cleaved by the use of caspase-3-dependent proteolysis. Previously, it has been shown that the proteolytic IETD motif was partially processed when treated with caspase-3, while the DEVD motif was completely cleaved. The cleavage efficiency of the DEVD-based substrate was approximately 2.0 times higher than that of the IETD substrate, in response to caspase-3. Based on this, 3 protein genes of interest were genetically linked to each other by adding two proteolytic cleavage sequences, DEVD and IETD, for caspase-3. Particularly, glutathione-S transferase (GST), maltose binding protein (MBP), and red fluorescent protein (RFP) were chosen as model proteins due to the variation in their size. The expressed polyprotein was purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) via a hexa-histidine tag at the C-terminal end, showing 93 kDa of a chimeric GST:MBP:RFP fusion protein. In response to caspase-3, cleavage products, such as MBP:RFP (68 kDa), MBP (42 kDa), RFP (26 kDa), and GST (25 kDa), were separated from a large precursor GST:MBP:RFP (93 kDa) via SDS-PAGE. The results obtained from this study indicate that a multi-protein can be stoichiometrically produced from a large poly-protein by using proteolytic recognition motifs, such as DEVD and IETD tetra-peptides, for caspase-3.

• Carbon letters
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• v.18
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) produced using municipal solid waste was pyrolyzed to produce RDF char. For the first time, the RDF char was used to remove aqueous copper, a representative heavy metal water pollutant. Activation of the RDF char using steam and KOH treatments was performed to change the specific surface area, pore volume, and the metal cation quantity of the char. N₂ sorption, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the char. The optimum pH for copper removal was shown to be 5.5, and the steam-treated char displayed the best copper removal capability. Ion exchange between copper ions and alkali/alkaline metal cations was the most important mechanism of copper removal by RDF char, followed by adsorption on functional groups existing on the char surface. The copper adsorption behavior was represented well by a pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum copper removal capacity was determined to be 38.17 mg/g, which is larger than those of other low-cost char adsorbents reported previously.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.598-606
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• 2003

Salmonella encodes an enterotoxin (Stn) which possesses biological activity similar to the cholera toxin. Stn contributes significantly to the overall virulence of S. typhimurium in a murine model. The production of Stn is enhanced in a high-osmolarity medium and by contact with epithelial cells. In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo transcriptional regulations of the sin promoter revealed two promoters, P1 and P2. The P1 promoter identified by a primer extension analysis of stn mRNA exhibited a switching mechanism in vivo. Depending on the growth stage, transcription was initiated from different start sites termed $P1_S\;and\;P1_E$. $P1_S$, recognized by RNA polymerase containing ${\sigma}^S(E{\sigma}^S),\;and\;P1_E$, recognized by $E{\sigma}^70$, were activated during the stationary and exponential phases, respectively, while $P1_S\;and\;P1_E$ were both negatively regulated by CRPㆍcAMP and H-NS. Results revealed that $P1_S$ was the responsible promoter activated under a high osmolarity and low pH. The P2 promoter was identified 45 nucleotides downstream from $P1_E$ and negatively controlled by CRPㆍcAMP in vitro. No P2 activity was detected in vivo. The regulation of stn expression monitored using a Pstn::egfp fusion indicated that $E{\sigma}^S$ was required for the induction of stn and various factors were involved in stn regulation inside animal cells.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.457-466
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• 2004

Recommendation is to offer information which fits user's interests and tastes to provide better services and to reduce information overload. It recently draws attention upon Internet users and information providers. The collaborative filtering is one of the widely used methods for recommendation. It recommends an item to a user based on the reference users' preferences for the target item or the target user's preferences for the reference items. In this paper, we propose a neural network based collaborative filtering method. Our method builds a model by learning correlation between users or items using a multi-layer perceptron. We also investigate integration of diverse information to solve the sparsity problem and selecting the reference users or items based on similarity to improve performance. We finally demonstrate that our method outperforms the existing methods through experiments using the EachMovie data.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1317-1325
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• 2008

Viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical preparations of plasma-derived pharmaceuticals. One potential way to increase the safety of therapeutic biological products is the use of a virus-retentive filter. In order to increase the viral safety of human antihemophilic factor IX, particularly in regard to non-enveloped viruses, a virus removal process using a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter (Viresolve NFP) has been optimized. The most critical factor affecting the filtration efficiency was operating pH and the optimum pH was 6 or 7. Flow rate increased with increasing operating pressure and temperature. Recovery yield in the optimized production-scale process was 96%. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the filtered factor IX in comparison with those before filtration. A 47-mm disk membrane filter was used to simulate the process performance of the production-scale cartridges and to test if it could remove several experimental model viruses for human pathogenic viruses, including human hepatitis A virus (HAV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine herpes virus (BHV). Non-enveloped viruses (HAV, PPV, and EMCV) as well as enveloped viruses (HIV, BVDV, and BHV) were completely removed during filtration. The log reduction factors achieved were $\geq$6.12 for HAV, $\geq$4.28 for PPV, $\geq$5.33 for EMCV, $\geq$5.51 for HIV, $\geq$5.17 for BVDV, and $\geq$5.75 for BHV. These results indicate that the virus filtration process successfully improved the viral safety of factor IX.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2009

The present study is a basic research for promoting the globalization of Korean food, aiming to analyze Japanese restaurants in Hong Kong, an international city successful in globalization, focused on their spatial characteristics and food related characteristics and to use the results as basic materials. The results of this study are as follows. As to the characteristics of indoor spaces and food of Japanese restaurants in Hong Kong, first, the locations of Japanese restaurants were mostly easily accessible luxury hotels, office buildings or shopping malls. They displayed Japanese styles well and used conspicuous signs. Their trade names were given after traditional place names, food names, greetings, etc. Second, the spaces of Japanese restaurants expressed contemporary and, at the same time, traditional styles moderately and elegantly by applying emphatic articles such as traditional furniture, tools and folk paintings to contemporary spaces with traditional air, and by doing so, they showed various possibilities. Third, as to the characteristics of food culture, menus were diversified from traditional menus such as kaiseki to everyday menus such as vinegared rice, ramen, skewered roast meat and fusion dish, and at the same time, differentiated by concept. In addition, some restaurants succeeded in globalization and modernization with chains throughout the world. Furthermore, while table setting, food dishing and tableware image were harmonized with the concept of the restaurant space, if tradition needed to be displayed it was used at a minimum, showing the Japanese aesthetic sense through the restaurant space and food. In globalizing Korean restaurants based on the results of this study, we need to link trade name, facade, sign, menu and space with served food, and to plan a consistent story so that Korean culture and images are expressed. In addition, if a manual is made by benchmarking the Japanese government's support policies and relevant businesses' efforts and ideas and provided to Korean restaurants, it will be helpful for Korean restaurants, which spread Korean food culture, to be more competitive and graceful.