• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Sixty three species and 5 varieties belonging to 30 fungal genera were collected from 75 soil samples. Cultivated (29 genera and 58 species + 5 var.), desert (22 and 35 + 2 var.) and saline soil (21 and 41 + 1 var.) fungi were recovered on glucose-, cellulose- and 50% sucrose-Czapek's agar at $28^{\circ}C$. The most common genera were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Emerieella, Fusarium, Mycosphaerella, Nectria and Penicillium. The most prevalent species from the three types of soils on the three types of media were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Emerieella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum, Myeosphaerella tassiana, Nectria haematococca and Penicillium ehrysogenum. Chaetomium globosum was in the top of fungi in producing endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanases among the 42 tested isolates obtained from soils on cellulose-Czapek's agar. Maximum production of this enzyme by C. globosum obtained after 6 days of incubation at $30^{\circ}C$ with culture medium containing maltose as a carbon source and ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source and pH initially adjusted to 6.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2008

Beef luncheon meat is one of the most popular meals in several countries in the world including Egypt. Thirty one fungal species and 3 species varieties were recovered from 30 samples of beef luncheon meat collected from different supermarkets in Qena. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Emericella, Mucor, Mycosphaerella, Penicillium and Rhizopus were the most common genera on the two types of media. From the above genera, the most prevalent species were Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Emericella nidulans, Mucor racemosus, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus stolonifer. Screening of fungi for their abilities to produce lipase enzyme showed that, ten isolates represented 32.26% of total isolates appeared high lipase production, while sixteen isolates (51.61%) were moderate and 5 isolates (16.13%) were low producers. Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Nectria haematococca produced the highest amount of lipase enzyme, so these fungi were used in further studies. The incorporation of five food preservatives (Disodium phosphate, sodium benzoate, citric acid, potassium sorbate and sodium citrate) individually in the culture medium of lipase production exhibited an inhibitive effect on the mycelial growth and enzyme production by Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Nectria haematococca.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2006

A total of 34 species belonging to 21 genera of fungi were recorded on passion fruits of both pure and hybrid origin in Uganda, however, the pure type exhibited wider spectrum (28 species and 16 genera) than the hybrid type (21 & 15). Also, yeasts (unidentified and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) were also encountered in high numbers. Moreover, the mean count of all mycobiota obtained from the pure type was higher than that of hybrid, despite the bigger size of the later. Members of yeasts and Cladosporium followed by Phoma, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria species dominated on passion fruits of pure origin, while only C. cladosporioides, F. solani and yeasts dominated on the hybrid type. Treatment with Na-hypochlorite exhibited inhibitory effects on the total mycobiotic propagules as well as the dominant species from fruits of both types. The current results, therefore, suggest the use of Na-hypochlorite to control the post-harvest mycobiota associated with passion fruits. Regarding the mycobiota contaminating passion juice, yeasts were found to be the major contaminants with Candida parapsilosis being the most common. Moulds constituted only a minor proportion with Acremonium strictum followed by Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. moniliforme, F. acuminatum and F. solani as the most dominant species. In the heat-treated juice samples, the counts of the most commonly encountered mycobiota (both yeasts and molds) were significantly inhibited or completely eliminated. Some unidentified Bacillus species were also recovered from the juice, however, their counts in the heated samples were increased but insignificantly.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2007

In the present study we first report in Korea the identification and characterization of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from rotten stems and roots of paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) at Masan, Kyungsangnamdo in 2006. The fungal species produced white aerial mycelia accompanying with dark violet pigment on PDA. The optimal temperature and pH for the growth of the species was $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 7, respectively. Microscopic observation of one of isolates of the species shows that its conidiophores are unbranched and monophialides, its microconidia have oval-ellipsoidal shape with no septate and are of $3.0{\sim}11{\times}1.5{\sim}3.5\;{\mu}m$ sizes, its macroconidia are of $15{\sim}20{\times}2.0{\sim}3.5\;{\mu}m$ sizes and have slightly curved or slender shape with $2{\sim}3$ septate. The results of molecular analysis show that the ITS rDNA of F. oxysporum from paprika shares 100% sequence identity with that of known F. oxysporum isolates. The identified species proved it's pathogenicity by causing rotting symptom when it was inoculated on paprika fruits. The growth of F. oxysporum from paprika was suppressed on PDA by agrochemicals such as benomyl, tebuconazole and azoxystrobin. The identified species has the ability of producing extracelluar enzymes that degrade cellobiose and pectin.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.553-563
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• 2019

Investigations related with factors influencing root and crown rot are rare and mainly related to farming practice and soil management. The main objective of this study was to examine broader range of factors influencing stem-base infestation of winter wheat in the field conditions. The effect of spatial distribution of infected plants on disease index (DIs) assessments was also investigated. Analysis of factors influencing DIs of crown rot of wheat demonstrated significant influence of the growing seasons (P < 0.001) and extreme fluctuations in winter temperatures (P < 0.001). In addition to that, localities together with their interaction with the growing season also significantly influenced DIs (P < 0.001). Aggregation of infected plants influenced variability of DI estimations, and it was pointed out that more extensive investigation should be conducted on broad range of DI in order to establish sampling method giving uniform sampling precision. Fusarium graminearum was shown to be predominant Fusarium species in Serbia (72.6%) using sequence-characterized amplified region analysis. Interestingly F. oxysporum was isolated in higher frequencies (27.4%) than it was reported in the literature. Given that there were no reports on the diversity of Fusarium species causing crown rot of wheat in Serbia, this study presents first report on this important subject. It also indicated that more attention should be focused on combined effects of abiotic and biotic factors influencing stem-base infestation of winter wheat. This knowledge will contribute to better understanding of factors influencing root and crown rot of wheat which would ensure sustainable disease management in the future.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum is one of the most severe diseases threatening the production of small grains. Infected grains are often contaminated with mycotoxins such as zearalenone and trichothecences. During survey of contamination by FHB in rice grains, we found a bacterial isolate, designated as BN1, antagonistic to F. graminearum. The strain BN1 had branching vegetative hyphae and spores, and its aerial hyphae often had long, straight filaments bearing spores. The 16S rRNA gene of BN1 had 100% sequence identity with those found in several Streptomyces species. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS regions showed that BN1 grouped with S. sampsonii with 77% bootstrap value, suggesting that BN1 was not a known Streptomyces species. In addition, the efficacy of the BN1 strain against F. graminearum strains was tested both in vitro and in vivo. Wheat seedling length was significantly decreased by F. graminearum infection. However, this effect was mitigated when wheat seeds were treated with BN1 spore suspension prior to F. graminearum infection. BN1 also significantly decreased FHB severity when it was sprayed onto wheat heads, whereas BN1 was not effective when wheat heads were point inoculated. These results suggest that spraying of BN1 spores onto wheat heads during the wheat flowering season can be efficient for plant protection. Mechanistic studies on the antagonistic effect of BN1 against F. graminearum remain to be analyzed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.251-258
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• 1999

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2010

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution(FUBCPS) manufactured by using alcohol/water extraction method for identify ing the use of it as eyedrops. Methods: FUBCPS was manufactured by using alcohol/water extraction method. Measure the size of inhibition zone and MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) after administering FUBCPS on bacterial species. Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans, which cause keratitis. Administering cravit(Levonoxacin medicine) on bacterial species also performed to compare the anti-bacterial potency of this material, measured by using the size of inhibition zone Results : After administering FUBCPS on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans). there was no response to MIC and there was no anti -bacterial potency also. Conclusions : This study suggests that FUBCPS dose not have anti-bacterial effects on bacterial species which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that we need to research more on herbal medicines of eye drop which have anti-bacterial effects on keratitis

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 1989

by use of HCl-Giemsa technique and light microscope, dividing vegetative nuclei in hyphae of Fusarium species were observed and the results are summerized. The chromosome number of these fungi was ranged 4 to 8. Of the 20 strains, the highest haploid chromosome number is 8 in F. solani S Hongchun K4, F. moniliforme (from banana) and F. raphani (from radish). The lowest is 4 in F. sporotrichioides NRRL 3510 and F. equiseti KFCC 11843 IFO 30198. F. solani 7468 (from Sydney), F. solani 7475 (from Sydney), F. oxysporum(from tomato). F. roseum (from rice), F. sporotrichioides C Jngsun 1, F. equiseti C Kosung 1 and F. avenaceum 46039 are n=7. F. moniliforme (from rice) F. graminearum, F. proliferatum 6787 (from Syndey), F. proliferatum 7459 (from Synder) and F. anguioides ATCC 20351 are n=6. F. moniliforme NRRL 2284, F. poae NRRL 3287 and F. trincinctum NRRL 3299 are n=5. From these results, it may be concluded that the basic haploid chromosome number of the genus Fusarium is 4 and mat have been evolutionary variation of chromosome number through aneuploidy and polyploidy.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.22 no.3 s.56
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• pp.203-207
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• 1983

Biological, physical and chemical characteristics of suppressive and conducive soils to ginseng root rot were investigated. Population of antagonistic microorganisms to Fusarium solani was much higher in suppressive soils than in conducive soils, whereas the numbers of Fusarium species were smaller in suppressive soils. Mycelial growth and chlamydospore formation of Fusarium solani were inhibited in suppressive soils. In the water extract of suppressive soils, lysis of germination tube and macroconidia of F. solani was occurred by antagonistic microorganisms at 4 hours after treatment. There were no significant differences in physical and chemical characteristics between supressive soils and conducive soils to ginseng root rot, however, clay content of suppressive soils was a little higher than that of conductive soils.