• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2022

South Korea's agricultural nitrogen balance and phosphorus balance rank first and second, respectively, among OECD countries, and proper nutrient management is required to preserve the water quality of rivers and lakes. This study evaluates the effects of furrow mulching on the reduction of non-point source pollution (NPS) load from a sloped upland. The study site was Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, and the survey period was from 2018 to 2019. The slope of the testbed was 13%, and the soil type was sandy loam. The cropping system consisted of maize-autumn Chinese cabbage rotation. The testbed was composed of bare soil (bare), control (Cont.), furrow vegetation mulching (FVM), and furrow nonwoven fabric mulching (FFM) plots. Runoff was collected for each rainfall event with a 1/100 sampler, and the NPS load was calculated by measuring the concentrations of SS, T-N, and T-P. The NPS load was then analyzed for the entire monitoring and crop cultivation periods. During the monitoring period, the effect of reducing the NPS load was 1.5%~44.5% for FVM and 13.1%~55.2% for FFM. During the crop cultivation period, it was 1.2%~80.5% for FVM and 27.0%~65.1% for FFM, indicating that FFM was more effective than FVM. As the NPS load was fairly high during the crop conversion period, an appropriate management method needs to be implemented during this period.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

As a result of climate change, non-point source pollution (NPS) from farmland with the steep slope during the rainy season is expected to have a significant impact on the water system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of furrow mulching using alfalfa and PAM (Polyacrylamide) materials for each rainfall event, while considering the load characteristics of NPS. The study was conducted in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, in 2022, with a testbed that had a slope of 13%, sandy loam soil, and maize crops. The testbed was composed of four plots: bare soil (Bare), No mulching (Cont.), Vegetation mulching (VM), and PAM mulching (PM). Runoff was collected from each rainfall event using a 1/40 sampler and the NPS load was calculated by measuring the concentrations of SS, T-N, T-P, and TOC. During farming season, the reduction efficiency of NPS load was 37.1~59.5% for VM and 38.2~75.7% for PM. The analysis found that VM had a linear regression correlation (R²=0.28~0.86, P-value=0.01~0.1) with elapsed time of application, while PM had a quadratic regression correlation (R²=0.35~0.80, P-value=0.1). These results suggest that the selection of furrow mulch materials and the appropriate application method play a crucial role in reducing non-point pollution in farmland. Therefore, further studies on the time-series reduction effect based on the application method are recommended to develop more effective preemptive reduction technologies.

• 화훼연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2011

안개초 절화 재배시 토양피복재료 및 피복방법에 따른 잡초 발생량 및 안개초 개화특성 등을 조사하였다. 잡초 발생량은 무피복 $146.2g{\cdot}m^{-2}$(건물중)인 반면 흑색과 녹색 폴리프로필렌 부직포 전면피복은 $4.1{\sim}4.2g{\cdot}m^{-2}$으로 거의 발생되지 않았으며, 제초 소요인원도 무피복은 27.9명/10a/년인데 반해 전면피복은 2.4명/10a/년이었다. 여름 절화작형시 개화는 무피복과 골 피복이 늦었으며, 화경장, 측지수, 절화장, 화수폭 및 화경 강도는 흑색과 녹색 부직포 전면피복이 우수하였고, 절화량은 흑색 PE필름, 녹색과 흑색 부직포 전면피복에서 많았다. 월하 후 안개초 고사주율은 흑색 부직포 골 피복처리에서 12.4%로 가장 낮았고, 녹색 부직포 피복처리가 19.0% 정도였으며, 흑색 PE 필름 전면 피복처리가 39.0%로 가장 높았다. 가을 절화작형 역시 화경장, 측지수, 절화장 및 화경 강도는 흑색과 녹색 부직포 전면피복이 우수하였고, 절화량은 녹색 부직포가 가장 많았다. 로젯트 발생률은 골피복보다 전면피복이 낮았으며, 피복재료별로는 녹색 부직포 전면피복이 가장 낮았고, 다음은 흑색 부직포, 흑색 PE 필름 전면피복이 낮았다. 따라서 안개초 절화재배시 녹색 부직포 전면 피복처리가 잡초 발생억제와 절화품질 향상 및 절화량 증가에 효과적이라고 생각된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2005

강원도 고령지 지역의 밭은 경사지에 발달한 곳이 많아서 강우에 의한 유거수와 토양의 유실이 많이 일어나게 된다. 일부 지역에서는 석비레를 이용하여 농업을 하고 있어 강우침식을 쉽게 받을 수 있다. 이러한 농경지 밭에 쉽게 적용하여 토양유실을 저감시킬 수 있도록 하기 위해 농경지 인근에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 잡초와 토양침식 후 표면에 남근 자갈을 이용하여 골에 일정 간격으로 두어 그 효과를 살펴보았다. 토양 유실량은 식양토이면서 13%의 경사를 가진 포장에서는 사경과 등고선 경작만으로도 토양 유실량을 현저히 줄일 수 있는 젓으로 나타났고, 경사가 23%인 석비레 사양토 포장에서는 토양 유실이 심하게 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 부초와 자갈을 최소로 이용하는 골최소부초와 골자갈대를 시험구에 처리함으로써 처리하지 않은 구에 비해 횡계와 용산 포장에서 45% 이상의 토양 유실 저감 효과와 유거수 발생 또한 저감시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 사양토인 석비레 성토 지역의 경우는 토양 유실량이 보전처리구에서 61 Mg/ha 이상이 발생하여 골최소부초와 골자갈대를 3 m 간격으로 처리 하여서는 그 효과를 허용 토양 유실량인 11 Mg/ha 이하로 낮출 수 없는 것으로 평가되어 단일한 방법으로는 토양보전에 부족한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2007

To protect the surface of ground-cutting slopes and ground-raised slopes and to recover environment-friendly slopes at the national road expansion construction between Gamchon and Yaechon, test-construction work was done using several modes of hydro-seeding measures to select a suitable construction method through the field survey; the results were as follows : As a result of survey on physio-chemical characteristics of soil, the average soil inclination on ground-raised slopes was from 4.73 mm to 5.37 mm; the average soil acidity was from pH 6.47 to 6.73; the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.57~1.70 %,; the average soil inclination on ground-cutting slopes was 9.17~10.43mm; the average soil acidity was pH 6.67~6.77 and the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.53~1.27 %; considered overall, they showed generally satisfactory base materials for plant breeding. As a result of the number of sprouting individuals, the average sprouting number of individuals on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction methods and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spots executed by furrow-digging with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were 1,172 number of per square meter and 970 number of per square meter respectively; thus they showed higher numerical value comparing with other test spots. Likewise, the average number of sprouting individuals on test spots of the ground-cutting slopes executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spot executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were found to be 1,107 number of per square meter and 1,105 number of per square meter respectively, whose numerical value showed rather higher other test spots. As a result of a survey on living plants' breeding index [dried weight], the weight in dried state on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures on both ground-raised and ground-cutting slopes was found to be higher and showed similar characteristics statistically. As a result of survey on the surface-covering degree of ground-raised slopes, nine weeks after test construction, test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures showed commonly more than 70% of surface-covering degree, but other test spots showed only below 35% of surface covering degree; especially in case of test spots by Verdvol seed spray measures, they showed 10% of the lowest surface-covering. Surface-covering degree on the test spot of ground-cutting slopes nine weeks after test construction showed more than 75% both executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures. As a result of survey on appearing plants on the test spots, there dominates Eragrostis curvula both on ground-raised slopes and on ground-cutting slopes with other seeding plant life's lower breeding and there appear intruders, such as Setaria viridis Beauv, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop, and Chenopodium album var.centrorubrum Makino. As for water-borne excavation and soil's washing-away on the slopes, there happened less washing-away and water-borne excavation with good breeding of plant life on test spots executed both by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures, but there happened much more soil's washing-away along with water-home excavation at the test spot executed by Seed spray with measures. After the research results of test construction sites are examined overall, it's presumed that furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures [interval between lines is 40cm, 5cm in depth] will be preferred to prevent erosion and water-home excavation of slopes located within the construction sites.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2022

In this paper, as a research on autonomous steering for agriculture, a sensor module for furrow recognition was developed through a low-cost distance sensor combination. The developed sensor module was applied to the vehicle, and when driving in a furrow curve, the autonomous steering success rate was 100% at a curvature of 20 m or more, and 70% at a curvature of 15 m or less. The self-steering success rate according to the ground condition showed a 100% success rate regardless of soil, weeds, or mulching film.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2007

전남지역의 쌈채류 무농약 유기농산물 생산농가의 잡초관리, 병해충방제 기술과 농자재의 사용실태를 조사 분석하여 그 기술을 검증하고 표준화하여 정립된 기술을 개발하고자 상추, 들깻잎, 치커리, 케일 등 쌈채류 재배로 무농약 유기농산물 품질인중을 받은 21농가(무농약재배 16, 유기재배 5)를 대상으로 재배실태를 조사하였으며, 그 결과를 하면 다음과 같다. 종자 파종시 종자소독을 실행한 농가는 28.6%에 그치고 소독방법은 소금물가리기, 키토산액 침지 등 검정되지 않은 간이방법으로 수행되었다. 육묘 중 묘상에서의 병 방제를 위한 친환경 농자재의 살포 횟수는 55.6%가 살포 횟수가 없었으며, 해충 방제를 위한 살포횟수는 1회 살포가 50.0% 이었다. 따라서 육묘 기간이 비교적 짧은 쌈채 작물에서의 육묘 중 병해충 방제를 위한 농자재 살포횟수는 1회${\sim}$2회 살포로도 가능하였다. 토양소독을 실행한 농가 비율은 71.4%로 많았으며 소독 방법은 태양열소독으로 소독 횟수는 1회/년을 기준으로 토양소독을 실시하였다. 재배포장의 잡초방제 방법으로 이랑의 잡초는 대다수의 농가가 흑색PE필름을 이용한 멀칭재배로 잡초 발아를 억제하였으며, 고랑의 잡초는 85% 이상의 농가가 인력으로 김매기를 수행하고 일부농가는 기계제초와 멀칭재배로 잡초를 관리하고 있었다. 봄 작기를 기준으로 병 방제 횟수는 무 방제가 57.1%이었고 병해 예방을 위해 시설이나 재배지의 토양과 온 습도 등 환경 조절로 52.4%가 병해 관리를 하였으며, 병 방제는 천연자원이용 농가 자가제조 농자재나 미생물제재를 이용하여 $1{\sim}2$회 방제 하였다. 쌈채의 작목별 주요 발생 해충은 상추에서는 목화진딧물, 케일에서는 배추좀나방, 쌈추는 배추좀나방과 배추벼룩잎벌레, 들깨에서는 들깨잎말이나방이 문제시 되는 해충이었다. 해충의 방제는 봄 작기를 기준으로 해충 방제 횟수는 10회 이상 살포가 많았고 해충 방제용 농자재 종류는 $1{\sim}5$종을 이용한 농가가 많았으며 자가 제조한 농자재 보다는 시중에서 구입하여 이용한 농가가 많았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 무농약 유기재배 쌈채 생산을 위해서는 건열처리 등에 의한 종자소독 방법과 병해충 예방을 위한 환경 관리기술의 과학적인 검증 및 주요 발생 병해충에 대한 체계적인 방제 매뉴얼 개발이 요구된다.