• 식물병연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2009

2008년 4월 제주도의 왕벚나무 빗자루병 이병옆으로부터 5개의 균을 분리하여 생리학적 방법과 유전학적 방법을 이용해 동정한 결과 Taphrina wiesneri로 동정되었다. 21개의 농약을 이용하여 실내 항균력을 검정한 결과 tebuconazole, difenoconazole, propiconazole과 같은 triazole계의 농약이 우수한 항균효과를 나타내었다. Triazole계의 농약을 처리한 야외 실험 결과 $25.7{\sim}52.8%$의 빗자루병 방제효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 1994

This study was carried out to develop bioassay for detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products by using the soil microbial isolates sensitive to pesticides. One hundred bacterial isolates and eighty five fungal isolates were obtained from soil and their sensitivity to 10 ppm of several pesticides was examined in vitro. Five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates were found sensitive to organochloride fungicide and two fungal isolates sensitive to organocopper fungicide. Among these isolates, B46, B93 and F67 were tested to find out the difference in sensitivity according to the methods of fungicide treatment. All of the isolates were found sensitive to 10 ppm of organochloride fungicides mixed directly in PDA. But they were found insensitive to the fungicide mixed in PDA after filtering through membrane filter. In case of organocopper fungicide, the isolates were found sensitive only when it was treated in PDA. And their sensitivity showed difference among various kinds of organochloride fungicides. B46 and B93 were employed to check the possibility as the agent for detection of the pesticidal residues in twenty eight agricultural products including rice. It was found that all samples had not residues because the samples did not inhibit the growth of isolates. When organochloride fungicides were applied to the above products, it was possible to detect the residues in fruits and vegetables at the concentration of 10 ppm, but not in starch-rich grains. B46 and B93 were identified as Bacillus sp. according to their bacterial characteristics in culture.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.693-699
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• 1998

Three three hundred and ninety seven isolates of Botrytis cinerea were isolated from infected plants of strawberry, tomato and cucumber from several areas in Korea during 1994∼1996 and the resistance of these isolates against some fungicides were examined. The isolation frequency of phenotypes resistant to carbendazim, procymidone, and diethofencarb were found to be 69.9 43.7, and 31.8%, respectively. The isolates were divided into six phenotypic groups; SSR, SRR, RSS, RRS, RSR and RRR, representing sensitive (S) or resistant (R) to benzimidazole, dicarboximide, and N-phenylcarbamate fungicides in order. The percentage of six phenotypes were 28.2, 2.0, 27.2, 41.0, 0.9 and 0.8%, respectively. On the basis of the mycelial growth inhibition (%) B. cinerea isolates were divided into three classes (class 1; 0∼50%, class 2; 51-99%, class 3; 100% inhibition) on carbendazim and three classes (class 1; 0∼75%, class 2; 76∼99%, class 3; 100% inhibition) on procymidone and the mixture of carbendazim+diethofencarb, respectively. Changes in sensitivity levles to carbendazim and carbendazim+diethofencarb were affected by introduction and increasing ratio of the use of diethofencarb.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2012

Stem rots caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum have been known as devastating diseases in balloon flower plants. Antifungal activities of four fungicides, azoxystrobin, polyoxin B, trifloxystrobin and validamycin A were evaluated in vitro, showing effective suppression with mycelial growth of the fungal isolates on PDA media. Efficacies of the four fungicides were also demonstrated in stem tissues of balloon flower plants against R. solani and S. sclerotiorum. A commercially available Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 was tested in terms of antagonistic biological control of stem rot disease of balloon flower plants. The bacterial strain revealed its antifungal activities against R. solani and S. sclerotiorum demonstrated by dual culture tests using paper discs and two plant pathogenic fungi on PDA media, as well as by plant inoculation assay, indicating that this antagonistic bacterial strain can be incorporated into disease management program for balloon flower stem rot diseases together with the four chemical fungicides.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2005

In vitro and in vivo effectiveness of fungicides were evaluated for the control of damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani on Panax ginseng. Fludioxonil(67 mg a. i./L), flutolanil(75 mg a. i./L), thifluzamide(35 mg a. i./L), and mepronil (750 mg a. i./L) were selected from 9 fungicides, which were based on inhibition of mycelial growth of R. solani (isolate Rh 9801) and duration of fungicidal effectiveness against the pathogen in vitro. Field trials were made twice in the year of 2003 and 2004. Experimental plots $(54m{\times}0.9m)$ of 4-year-old ginseng fields were artificially infested with 5kg and 14 kg in fresh weight of inoculum in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The fungicides were drenched at a volume of 8l in $3.6m{\times}0.9m$ with 3 replications. Fludioxonil, flutolanil, thifluzamide and mepronil reduced the incidence of damping off by $73\%,\;69\%,\;69\%\;and\;43\%$, respectively. In the 2004 trial, fludioxonil, flutolanil, and thifluzamide showed similar result as reducing the incidence by $85\%,\;84\%,\;and\;82\%$, respectively, in the plot where the inoculum was applied 2.8 times more than the 2003. The disease incidences in untreated control were $12\%$ in 2003 and $47\%$ in 2004.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2018

Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is one of the most common diseases of strawberries (Fragaria${\times}$ananassa Duchesne) worldwide. Although many chemical fungicides are used for controlling the growth of B. cinerea, the risk of the fungus developing chemical resistance together with consumer demand for reducing the use of chemical fungicides have necessitated an alternative method to control this pathogen. Various naturally occurring microbes aggressively attack plant pathogens and benefit plants by suppressing diseases; these microbes are referred to as biocontrol agents. However, screening of potent biocontrol agents is essential for their further development and commercialization. In this study, 24 strains of yeast with antagonistic ability against gray mold were isolated, and the antifungal activity of the volatile and diffusible metabolites was evaluated. Putative mechanisms of action associated with the biocontrol capacity of yeast strains against B. cinerea were studied through in vitro and in vivo assays. The volatile organic compounds produced by the Galactomyces candidum JYC1146 could be useful in the biological control of plant pathogens and therefore are potential alternative fungicides with low environmental impact.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.264-272
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• 2023

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an economically important vegetable crop worldwide. However, various fungal diseases, including Fusarium basal rot (FBR), neck rot, and white rot, reduce onion production or bulb storage life. FBR caused by Fusarium species is among the most destructive onion diseases. In this study, we identified Fusarium species associated with FBR in Jeolla and Gyeongsang Provinces in South Korea and evaluated fungicides against the pathogens. Our morphological and molecular analyses showed that FBR in onions is associated with Fusarium commune, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium proliferatum. We selected seven fungicides (fludioxonil, hexaconazole, mandestrobin, penthiopyrad, prochloraz-manganese, pydiflumetofen, and tebuconazole) and evaluated their inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of the pathogens at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL). We found that prochloraz-manganese was highly effective, inhibiting 100% of the mycelial growth of the pathogens at all concentrations, followed by tebuconazole. Fludioxonil showed < 50% inhibition at 1 mg/mL for the tested isolates.

• 식물병연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2014

우리나라 수박 재배지에서 발생하고 있는 흰가루병 방제를 위한 아인산칼륨-살균제 교차방제체계를 개발하였다. 2010년 시험에서는, 우리나라에서 수박 흰가루병 방제를 위하여 등록되어 합법적으로 사용 가능하며, 농가에서 사용중인 6종류의 살균제를 이용하여 9가지 처리조합을 구성하여 시험하였다. 그 결과 클로로탈로닐(Chl)-마이클로뷰타닐(My)-페나리몰(Fen)-헥사코나졸(Hex)의 처리가 가장 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, My, Fen, Hex의 작용 기작이 동일하다는 문제점이 있었다. 따라서 2년차 시험에서는 처리조합을 개선하고 농약사용을 줄이기 위하여 이들 살균제 외에 작용기작이 다르면서도 친환경적인 약제인 아인산칼륨을 이용하여 살균제-아인산칼륨 교차 살포 조합을 선발하기 위한 포장시험을 수행하였다. 10간격처리에서, Chl-My-Fen-P는 31.8%의 방제효과를 나타낸 반면, Chl-My-Fen-P는 75.6%의 비교적 높은 방제효과를 나타냈다. 방제효과를 개선하기 위하여 3년차 시험에서는 살균제와 아인산칼륨을 7일 간격으로 살포하였다. Chl-My-Fen-Hex가 가장 높은 89.6%의 방제효과를 나타냈으나, 65.9%의 방제효과를 나타낸Chl-My-Fen-P와 달리 P-My-Fen-Hex 또한 83.5%의 비교적 높은 방제효과를 나타냄으로써, 수박 흰가루병 방제를 위하여 Chl-My-Fen-Hex의 방제체계는 P-My-Fen-Hex로 대체할 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2003

콩 탄저병의 효과적인 관리를 위하여 병원균의 병원성을 비교하고, 포자발아, 부착기 형성, 균사생장 및 병 진전에 미치는 온도와 수분존재시간의 영향, 그리고 살균제에 대한 반응을 조사하였다. C. gloeosporioides의 종자병원성은 C.truncatum과 비슷하게 높았으나 경엽에서의 병원성은 현저히 낮았다. C. gloeosporioides의 포자발아, 부착기 형성, 균사생장 적온은 $25^{\circ}C$였고, C. truncatum의 적온은 $30^{\circ}C$였으며, $15^{\circ}C$에서는 매우 낮았다. 살균제에 대한 반응은 C. truncatum은 fluazinam과 benomyl에 대해, C. gloeosporioides는 fluazinam과 triflumizole에 대해 높은 감수성을 보였다. C. truncatum에 의한 병의 진전율은 수분존재시간이 8시간이면 $30^{\circ}C$에서, 32시간 이상이면 $25^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았으며, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 매우 낮았다. 살균제에 대한 감수성은 병원균에 따라 차이가 있으므로 Colletotrichum spp. 의 중복감염에 의한 콩 탄저병의 방제를 위해서는 살균제의 정확한 선택이 중요할 것으로 보인다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2012

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett에 의한 동전마름병은 우리나라에서 가장 흔하며 경제적으로 매우 중요한 잔디병이다. 크리핑벤트그래스로 조성된 골프장 그린에서 propiconazole, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, trifloxystrobin, boscalid를 이용하여 방제효과를 평가하였다. 또한 propiconazole과 다른 4개의 약제를 각각 혼용하여 단용처리구 대비 상승효과를 조사하였다. 동전마름병은 2개 포장의 무처리구에서 각각 평균 18.3, 66.7%의 발생을 보였다. 약제의 약효는 병 발생정도에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 살균제를 단독으로 처리하였을 때 방제 효과는 발병도가 높았을 때보다 낮았을 때 우수하였다. 처리된 살균제 중 boscalid의 효과가 가장 높았다. 살균제 혼용처리구에서는 propiconazole + thiophanate-methyl 처리구를 제외하고 단독처리구 대비상승효과가 발견되었으나, 2개 포장 모두 혼용처리구 사이에 통계적인 유의성은 발견되지 않았다. 따라서 현장에서 동전마름병 방제 시 병 발생 조건에 따라 방제전략을 달리해야 할 것으로 보여진다.