• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1126-1134
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• 2006

Human fungal infections are uncommon in normally healthy persons, being confined to conditions such as candidiasis (thrush) and dermatophyte skin infections such as athlete's foot. However, in the immunocompromised host, a variety of normally mild or nonpathogenic fungi can cause potentially fatal infections. Furthermore, the relativeease with which people can now visit 'exotic' countries provides the means for unusual fungal infections to be imported into this country. Mycoses appear in many different forms and areas. Fungal infections or mycoses are classified depending on the degree of tissue involvement and mode of entry into the host. These are Cutaneous, Subcutaneous, Systemic, and Opportunistic. Cutaneous mycoses specially appears symptoms on the skin. They are treated by amphotericinB, nystatin, grycelfulvin, micronazole and ketaconazole, etc, but these medicines are been careful about using, because most of them have serious side effects and toxicities. So, on the purpose of finding safe novel medicines, we have researched oriental medicines and search them to treat mycoses. In oriental medicines treating mycoses, we pay attention to orient applications that directly have an effect on disorder lesions. Oriental applications consists of various herbs and have a lot of forms, so we try to classify them as herbs and forms

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.799-806
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• 2006

Fungi cause a number of plant and animal diseases. Because fungi are more chemically and genetically similar to animals than other organisms, this makes fungal diseases very difficult to treat. Human fungal infections are uncommon in normally healthy persons, being confined to conditions such as candidiasis (thrush) and dermatophyte skin infections such as athlete's foot. However, in the immunocompromised host, a variety of normally mild or nonpathogenic fungi can cause potentially fatal infections. Furthermore, the relative ease with which people can now visit 'exotic' countries provides the means for unusual fungal infections to be imported into this country. Fungal infections or mycoses are classified depending on the degree of tissue involvement and mode of entry into the host. These are Cutaneous, Subcutaneous, Systemic, and Opportunistic. As listed above, in superficial mycoses infection is localised to the skin, the hair, and the nails. An example is 'ringworm' or 'tinea', an infection of the skin by a dermatophyte. Ringworm refers to the characteristic central clearing that often occurs in dermatophyte infections of the skin. Dermatophyte members of the genera Trycophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton are responsible for the disease. Tinea can infect various sites of the body, including the scalp (tinea capitis), the beard (tinea barbae) the foot (tinea pedis: 'athlete's foot') and the groin (tinea cruris). All occur in the United Kingdom although tinea infections, other than pedis, are now rare. Candids albicans is a yeast causing candidiasis or 'thrush' in humans. As a superficial mycoses, candidiasis typically infects the mouth or vagina. C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the vagina and gastrointestinal tract and is termed a 'commensal' However, during times of ill health or impaired immunity the balance can alter and the organism multiplies to cause disease. Antibiotic treatment can also alter the normal bacterial flora allowing C. albicans to flourish. If we study mycoses of the orient medicine, we can improve the medical skills about mycoses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1551-1562
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• 2024

Fungi employ diverse mechanisms for iron uptake to ensure proliferation and survival in iron-limited environments. Siderophores are secondary metabolite small molecules with a high affinity specifically for ferric iron; these molecules play an essential role in iron acquisition in fungi and significantly influence fungal physiology and virulence. Fungal siderophores, which are primarily hydroxamate types, are synthesized via non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) or NRPS-independent pathways. Following synthesis, siderophores are excreted, chelate iron, and are transported into the cell by specific cell membrane transporters. In several human pathogenic fungi, siderophores are pivotal for virulence, as inhibition of their synthesis or transport significantly reduces disease in murine models of infection. This review briefly highlights siderophore biosynthesis and transport mechanisms in fungal pathogens as well the model fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Understanding siderophore biosynthesis and transport in pathogenic fungi provides valuable insights into fungal biology and illuminates potential therapeutic targets for combating fungal infections.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 곰팡이 28S rDNA 염기서열의 메타분석을 통하여 반추위 곰팡이의 다양성을 조사하는데 있다. 'rumen'과 'ruminal'이 반추위 곰팡이 유래 염기서열들을 회수하기 위한 검색어로 사용되었다. 2016년 9월부로 모든 28S rDNA 염기서열이 보관되어 있는 Ribosomal Database Project(RDP, http://rdp.cme.msu.edu) 데이터베이스에서 반추위 곰팡이 유래 28S rDNA 유전자 염기서열(n=165)을 획득하였다. 총 165개의 염기서열은 분류학상의 '문(phylum)'인 Ascomycota, Neocallimastigomycota 및 Basidiomycota로 분류되었고, 165개의 염기서열 중에서 각각 109개, 48개, 8개의 염기서열을 차지하였다. Ascomycota 염기서열은 식물병원성곰팡이나 마이코톡신을 생성하는 곰팡이를 포함하고 있는 '속(genus)' Pseudonectria, Magnaporthe, Alternaria, Cochliobolus, Cladosporium 및 Davidiella로 분류되었다. 또한, Basidiomycota 염기서열은 식물병원성곰팡이를 포함하고 있는 '속(genus)' Thanatephorus와 Cryptococcus로 분류되었다. 뿐만 아니라, Neocallimastigomycota 염기서열의 경우 섭취된 조사료의 주요 구조탄수화물을 분해하는 '속(genus)' Cyllamyces, Neocallimastix, Anaeromyces, Caecomyces, Orpinomyces, Piromyces로 분류되었다. 본 연구는 처음으로 28S rDNA 염기서열의 메타분석을 통해 반추위 곰팡이 다양성에 대한 정보를 통합적으로 제공하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 반추위 곰팡이 연구에 대한 방향을 제공할 것이고, 새로운 분석도구 개발에 응용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2017

The genus Paxillus is characterized by the difficulty of species identification, which results in reproducibility problems, as well as the need for large quantities of fungal inoculum. In particular, studies of Paxillus ammoniavirescens have reported divergent results in the in vitro growth while little is known of its capacity to degrade organic matter. For all the above, and assuming that this variability could be due to an inappropriate culture media, the aim of this study was to analyse growth in different culture media (MMN, MS, and 1/2 MS) and in the case of MMN in presence/absence of two types of organic matter (fresh litter and senescence litter) to probe the saprophytic ability of P. ammoniavirescens. We also evaluated the effects of pH changes in the culture media. Growth kinetics was assessed by weekly quantification of the area of growth in solid culture media over 5 wk, calculating the growth curves and inflection points of each culture media. In addition, final biomass after 5 wk in the different culture media was calculated. Results showed that best culture media are MS and 1/2 MS. Moreover, an improvement in growth in culture media containing decomposing fall litter was observed, leading to confirm differences in the culture media of this species with others of the same genus. Further, we established that all growth media suffered a significant acidification after fungal growth.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2021

Malassezia is the most abundant genus in the fungal microflora found on human skin, and it is associated with various skin diseases. Among the 18 different species of Malassezia that have been identified to date, M. restricta and M. globosa are the most predominant fungal species found on human skin. Several studies have suggested a possible link between Malassezia and skin disorders. However, our knowledge on the physiology and pathogenesis of Malassezia in human body is still limited. Malassezia is unable to synthesize fatty acids; hence, it uptakes external fatty acids as a nutrient source for survival, a characteristic compensated by the secretion of lipases and degradation of sebum to produce and uptake external fatty acids. Although it has been reported that the activity of secreted lipases may contribute to pathogenesis of Malassezia, majority of the data were indirect evidences; therefore, enzymes' role in the pathogenesis of Malassezia infections is still largely unknown. This review focuses on the recent advances on Malassezia in the context of an emerging interest for lipases and summarizes the existing knowledge on Malassezia, diseases associated with the fungus, and the role of the reported lipases in its physiology and pathogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.541-550
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• 1997

Anaerobic chytridiomycete fungi are now well recognized as one of the major components of rumen microflora. Since the discovery of anaerobic fungi, the knowledge upon their morphology and physiology has been accumulated. It is certain that they gave roles in ruminal fiber digestion, although their quantitative contribution to rumen digestion is still unclear. Their role in fiber digestion is complicated by the dietary factors and the interaction with other microorganisms. We aim at reviewing such information in this article. Considerable attention gas been paid to the polysaccharidase of these fungi. Analysis on the fungal genes encoding these enzymes has been performed in several laboratories. This article also covers the genetical analysis of fungal polysaccharidases.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2020

Volatile compounds (VOCs) are not only media for communication within a species but also effective tools for sender to manipulate behavior and physiology of receiver species. Although the influence of VOCs on the interactions among organisms is evident, types of VOCs and specific mechanisms through which VOCs work during such interactions are only beginning to become clear. Here, we review the fungal volatile compounds (FVOCs) and their impacts on different recipient organisms from perspective of distinct lifestyles of the filamentous fungi. Particularly, we discuss the possibility that different lifestyles are intimately associated with an ability to produce a repertoire of FVOCs in fungi. The FVOCs discussed here have been identified and analyzed as relevant signals under a range of experimental settings. However, mechanistic insight into how specific interactions are mediated by such FVOCs at the molecular levels, amidst complex community of microbes and plants, requires further testing. Experimental designs and advanced technologies that attempt to address this question will facilitate our understanding and applications of FVOCs to agriculture and ecosystem management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1548-1557
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels and molecular weights of fungal ${\beta}$-glucan on productive performances, health, carcass traits and meat quality in broilers. Methods: Two hundred and ten of one-day-old chicks with equal sex were assigned to seven experimental groups in $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement. These groups were supplemented with (0, 10, 30, and 60 ppm) of molecular weight 1-3, 1-6 ${\beta}$-glucan (low or high). High molecular weight ${\beta}$-glucan (H: 943 kDa) was obtained from Ophiocordyceps dipterigena BCC 2073, whereas H with ${\gamma}$-Irradiation treatment was performed to achieve low molecular weight ${\beta}$-glucan (L: 8 kDa). Results: There was no statistical significance in productive performances, apparent digestibility and interaction between fixed factors along 42 days of experiment (p>0.05). A higher caecal amylase activity was present in the group that received L, while there was a dramatic decrease in H and the control groups, respectively (p<0.05). The increase of supplemental dose increased caecal amylase activity (p<0.05). Immunomodulatory effects from L was revealed by the marked increase of phagocytic activity, relative weight of thymus and bursa of fabricius (p<0.05). Similarly, the additive dose at 30 ppm provided the same results, whereas the only significant difference with supplementation at 60 ppm was an increase in phagocytic activity (p<0.05). Interestingly, villi height of broilers fed L was higher than other groups (p<0.05). The treatments did not influence haematology, blood chemistry, antibody production level against vaccination, carcass traits and meat quality (p>0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of L at 30 ppm was suggested to achieve benefits of immune modulation without adverse effects on other parameters.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2024

Paecilomyces tenuipes (P. tenuipes) is a fungus cultivated artificially by South Korean researchers, utilizing rice bran as its substrate. The increased demand for this fungus has not been met with successful cultivation methods for fruiting body production in natural environments. Therefore, we tested the effect on the growth of P. tenuipes using a Solid media based on pests. In this results, the Solid media based on M.alternatus was effective in increasing the growth of P. tenuipes and the content of cordycepin. Moreover, we confirmed the conditions for manufacturing a Solid media based on M.alternatus for P. tenuipes growth. We suggested that the growth-promoting compounds offers valuable insights for optimizing fungal cultivation conditions, thereby enhancing productivity and contributing to a broader understanding of fungal physiology in varying nutritional environments.