• 식물병연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2020

Recently, the severe dieback of apple trees resulting from soil-borne diseases has occurred in South Korea. The casual agents of dieback were surveyed on 74 apple orchards that had been damaged nationwide in 2016-2019. The number of apple orchards affected alone by Phytophthora rot, violet root rot, and white root rot was 31, 34, and 3, respectively. Also, the total number of mixed infection orchards was 6. Out of 9,112 apple trees affected by dieback, the trees damaged by Phytophthora rot, violet root rot, and white root rot were 3,332, 3,831, and 44, respectively. Moreover, the total number of mixed infection apple trees was 1,905. The provinces mainly affected were Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Chungbuk, and Jeonbuk. The survey on these infected apple orchards will be available to form management strategy for the dieback that had been increased by soil-borne fungal pathogens.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2018

A 70-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary stent insertion visited our hospital 7 days after biting his lower lip. Swelling and inflammation had worsened despite debridement and antibiotic treatment. On the 8th hospital day, fungal infection with Candida albicans and superimposed bacterial infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae were found on tissue culture. Extensive necrosis resulted in a defect of approximately 3/4 of the entire lower lip and a full-layer skin defect from the vermilion to the gingivobuccal sulcus at the right corner of the mouth. To correct drooling, incomplete lip sealing, and trismus, staged reconstruction was performed with consideration of cosmetic and functional features. The treatment process using staged reconstruction and antifungal treatment for an extensive lower lip defect caused by fungal stomatitis is described.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2020

소아에서 후두기관지염이 진균에 의해 발생하는 경우는 매우 드물고 주로 선행 요인이 있는 환자에 보고된다. 또한, Aspergillus 감염에 의한 후두기관지염은 초기에 무증상이거나 가슴 X선 사진에서 특이점이 없는 경우가 많아 조기 진단이 어렵다. 저자는 피부증상과 비감염성 발열을 조절하기 위해 장기간 저용량 스테로이드를 사용했던 복용력이 있는 일차성 면역 결핍 질환이 의심되는 환자에서 점진적인 호흡 부전을 보였고 가막성 아르페르길루스증(Pseudomembranous aspergillosis)에 의한 후두기관지염으로 밝혀진 사례를 보고하여 Aspergillus 후두기관지염의 고위험 환자군에서 조기 진단을 통한 치료의 중요성을 알리고자 한다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.61-61
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• 2015

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. The rice - M. oryzae pathosystem has become a model in the study of plant - fungal interactions due to its economic importance and accumulating knowledge. During the evolutionary arms race with M. oryzae, rice plants evolved a repertoire of Resistance (R) genes to protect themselves from diseases in a gene-for-gene fashion. M. oryzae secretes a battery of small effector proteins to manipulate host functions for its successful infection, and some of them are recognized by host R proteins as avirulence effectors (AVR), which turns on strong immunity. Therefore, the analysis of interactions between AVRs and their cognate R proteins provide crucial insights into the molecular basis of plant - fungal interactions. Rice blast resistance genes Pik, Pia, Pii comprise pairs of protein-coding ORFs, Pik-1 and Pik-2, RGA4 and RGA5, Pii-1 and Pii-2, respectively. In all three cases, the paired genes are tightly linked and oriented to the opposite directions. In the AVR-Pik/Pik interaction, it has been unraveled that AVR-Pik binds to the N-terminal coiled-coil domain of Pik-1. RGA4 and RGA5 are necessary and sufficient to mediate Pia resistance and recognize the M. oryzae effectors AVR-Pia and AVR1-CO39. A domain at the C-terminus of RGA5 characterized by a heavy metal associated domain was identified as the AVR-binding domain of RGA5. Similarly, physical interactions among Pii-1, Pii-2 and AVR-Pii are being analyzed.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2008

The colonization of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices BEG110 in the soil caused a decrease in disease severity in cucumber plants after fungal inoculation with Colletotrichum orbiculare. In order to illustrate the resistance mechanism mediated by G. intraradices BEG110, infection patterns caused by C. orbiculare in the leaves of cucumber plants and the host cellular responses were characterized. These properties were characterized using transmission electron microscopy on the leaves of cucumber plants grown in soil colonized with G. intraradices BEG110. In the untreated plants, inter- and intra-cellular fungal hyphae were observed throughout the leaf tissues during both the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of infection. The cytoplasm of fungal hyphae appeared intact during the biotrophic phase, suggesting no defense response against the fungus. However, several typical resistance responses were observed in the plants when treated with G. intraradices BEG110 including the formation of sheaths around the intracellular hyphae or a thickening of host cell walls. These observations suggest that the resistance mediated by G. intraradices BEG110 most often occurs in the symplast of the host cells rather than in the apoplast. In addition, this resistance is similar to those mediated by biotic inducers such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2016

The transcription cofactor Swi6 plays important roles in regulating vegetative growth and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functions of Swi6 ortholog were also characterized in Fusarium graminearum which is one of the devastating plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we report possible role of FgSwi6 in the interaction between F. graminearum and Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1) strain DK21. FgV1 perturbs biological characteristics of host fungi such as vegetative growth, sporulation, pigmentation, and reduction of the virulence (hypovirulence) of its fungal host. To characterize function(s) of FgSWI6 gene during FgV1 infection, targeted deletion, over-expression, and complementation mutants were generated and further infected successfully with FgV1. Deletion of FgSwi6 led to severe reduction of vegetative growth even aerial mycelia while over-expression did not affect any remarkable alteration of phenotype in virus-free isolates. Virus-infected (VI) FgSWI6 deletion isolate exhibited completely delayed vegetative growth. However, VI FgSWI6 over-expression mutant grew faster than any other VI isolates. To verify whether these different growth patterns in VI isolates, viral RNA quantification was carried out using qRT-PCR. Surprisingly, viral RNA accumulations in VI isolates were similar regardless of introduced mutations. These results provide evidence that FgSWI6 might play important role(s) in FgV1 induced phenotype alteration such as delayed vegetative growth.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.315-328
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• 2021

Fusarium and Rhizoctonia genera are important pathogens of many field crops worldwide. They are constantly evolving and expanding their host range. Selecting resistant cultivars is an effective strategy to break their infection cycles. To this end, we screened a collection of Medicago truncatula accessions against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Rhizoctonia solani strains isolated from different plant species. Despite the small collection, a biodiversity in the disease response of M. truncatula accessions ranging from resistant phenotypes to highly susceptible ones was observed. A17 showed relative resistance to all fungal strains with the lowest disease incidence and ratings while TN1.11 was among the susceptible accessions. As an initiation of the characterization of resistance mechanisms, the antioxidant enzymes' activities, at the early stages of infections, were compared between these contrasting accessions. Our results showed an increment of the antioxidant activities within A17 plants in leaves and roots. We also analyzed the responses of a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from the crossing of A17 and TN1.11 to the infection with the same fungal strains. The broad-sense heritability of measured traits ranged from 0.87 to 0.95, from 0.72 to 0.96, and from 0.14 to 0.85 under control, F. oxysporum, and R. solani conditions, respectively. This high estimated heritability underlines the importance of further molecular analysis of the observed resistance to identify selection markers that could be incorporated into a breeding program and thus improving soil-borne pathogens resistance in crops.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.636-642
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• 2007

목 적 : 면역력이 약한 미숙아나 저체중 출생아에 여러 가지 침습적 조작으로 인한 항생제 사용이 진균 감염, 특히 칸디다 감염의 위험을 증가시킨다. 이를 감소시키기 위한 방법으로 fluconazole 예방요법이 칸디다 감염율과 사망률을 감소시켰다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구는 1,500 g 미만의 극소저체중 출생아들에 대한 예방적 항진균제 사용이 칸디다 감염의 발생을 감소시키는데 효과적인지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 전남대학병원 신생아중환자실에 입원한 1,500 g 미만의 극소저체중 출생아 중 기관내 삽관이나 제대 동정맥 또는 경피적 중심정맥 삽입술을 받은 환아로, 예방적으로 항진균제를 사용하지 않았던 2005년 1월 1일부터 2005년 7월 31일까지 7개월간의 환아를 'fluconazole 비사용군'으로, 사용하였던 2006년 1월 1일부터 2006년 7월 31일까지 7개월간의 환아를 'fluconazole 사용군'으로 하였다. 사용군 29명, 비사용군 28명을 대상으로 진균 감염의 위험인자로 알려진 임상특성과 칸디다 감염증의 발생빈도, 사망률 및 fluconazole의 약물 부작용을 관찰하였다. Fluconazole은 생후 첫 3일에 시작하여 4주간 예방적으로 투여하였으며 시행 첫 1주일은 체중(kg)당 3 mg을 3일 간격으로, 그 다음 주부터는 격일로 투여하였다. 결 과 : 두 군 사이에 재태주령, 출생체중, 성별, 쌍생아, 분만방식에 차이는 없었다. 산과적 인자인 장기 조기 양막파수, 융모양막염 및 산전 스테로이드 사용 빈도에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 신생아 칸디다 감염증의 위험인자로 알려진 1,000 g 미만 초극소저체중 출생아 빈도와 예방적 항생제 사용, 총정맥내 영양요법, 제대동정맥 삽입술 빈도와 유지기간, 지방유제 투여기간 및 기관내 삽관과 지속적 양압환기 사용기간에 두 군간 차이는 없었으나, 비사용군에 비해 사용군이 경피적 중심정맥 삽입술과 지방유제 사용빈도가 높았고 경피적 중심정맥관 유지기간이 길었다. Fluconazole 사용군과 비사용군 간에 진균감염의 빈도와 사망률에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 사용군에서 Malassezia 진균혈증이 5명 발생하였지만 칸디다 감염은 1명도 발생하지 않아 비사용군 5명(칸디다혈증 3명, 침습성 칸디다증 2명)에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 극소저체중 출생아에서 fluconazole의 예방적 투여가 칸디다 감염의 발생빈도를 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 보아 비용-효과 면에서 항진균제의 예방적 투여가 고려될 수 있겠으나, Malassezia 진균혈증의 증가 원인에 대해서도 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.656-659
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• 2005

뮤코르진균증은 비교적 드문 질환으로 면역이 저하된 환자에게 있어서 치명적인 기회감염을 일으킨다. 감염은 주로 혈액암, 만성 신부전, 당뇨 환자나 장기이식을 받은 환자에게 일어난다. 저자들은 조절되지 않은 당뇨를 동반한 신장이식을 받은 환자에서 발생한 폐뮤코르진균증을 암포테리신과 함께 수술적 절제를 통해 성공적으로 치료하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1032-1035
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• 1997

우심실내에 위치한 영구 인공심박동기 전극의 진균감염은 매우 드물다. 최근 30세의 남자환자에서 3년전 우심실내에 위치시킨 인공심박동기의 심실전극에 국균증에 감염된 거대혈전을 형성한 경우를 인공심폐기를 이용한 체외순환하에서 전극선을 포함한 혈전제거술을 시행한 바 있다 또한 례장생검에콕 국균증 감염이 증명되었다.