• 제목/요약/키워드: Fungal Diversity

검색결과 274건 처리시간 0.027초

Rumen fermentation and microbial diversity of sheep fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with hydroethanolic extract of walnut green husks

  • Huan Wei;Jiancheng Liu;Mengjian Liu;Huiling Zhang;Yong Chen
    • Animal Bioscience
    • /
    • 제37권4호
    • /
    • pp.655-667
    • /
    • 2024
  • Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of a hydroethanolic extract of walnut green husks (WGH) on rumen fermentation and the diversity of bacteria, methanogenic archaea, and fungi in sheep fed a high-concentrate diet. Methods: Five healthy small-tailed Han ewes with permanent rumen fistula were selected and housed in individual pens. This study adopted a self-controlled and crossover design with a control period and an experimental period. During the control period, the animals were fed a basal diet (with a ratio of concentrate to roughage of 65:35), while during the treatment period, the animals were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% hydroethanolic extract of WGH. Fermentation parameters, digestive enzyme activities, and microbial diversity in rumen fluid were analyzed. Results: Supplementation of hydroethanolic extract of WGH had no significant effect on feed intake, concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, isovalerate, ammonia nitrogen, and microbial protein (p>0.05). However, the ruminal pH, concentrations of acetate, butyrate and isobutyrate, the ratio of acetate to propionate, protozoa count, and the activities of filter paper cellulase and cellobiase were significantly increased (p<0.05), while concentrations of propionate and valerate were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the relative abundance of rumen bacteria Christensenellaceae R7 group, Saccharofermentans, and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group were significantly increased, while Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Prevotella 7 were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The relative abundance of the fungus Pseudomonas significantly increased, while Basidiomycota, Fusarium, and Alternaria significantly decreased (p<0.05). However, there was no significant change in the community structure of methanogenic archaea. Conclusion: Supplementation of hydroethanolic extract of WGH to a high-concentrate diet improved the ruminal fermentation, altered the structure of ruminal bacterial and fungal communities, and exhibited beneficial effects in alleviating subacute rumen acidosis of sheep.

독도 자생식물의 뿌리로부터 분리된 내생균의 식물생장촉진 활성 (Plant Growth-Promoting Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Roots of Native Plants in Dokdo Islands)

  • 유영현;윤혁준;우주리;서영교;김미애;추연식;김종국
    • 생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제21권11호
    • /
    • pp.1619-1624
    • /
    • 2011
  • 독도에 자생하고 있는 6 종류의 식물뿌리로부터 내생균을 분리하였다. 동도에서 갯제비쑥, 명아주, 까마중과 서도에서 도깨비쇠고비, 술패랭이 그리고 번행초를 연구재료로 사용하였다. 총 32 종의 내생균을 분리하였고, universal primers ITS1과 ITS4를 사용하여 ITS 영역을 PCR로 증폭하여 동정하였다. 염기서열 분석결과, 6 종류의 식물의 뿌리에서 모두 32종류의 다양한 내생균류를 분리 및 동정 할 수 있었다. 독도 자생식물인 갯제비쑥 4종, 명아주 8종, 까마중 3종, 도깨비쇠고비 3종, 술패랭이 3종, 번행초 11종의 내생균이 분리되었다. 내생균들의 배양여액은 식물생장촉진활성을 확인하기 위하여 난장이벼의 유묘에 처리되었다. 그 결과, 명아주에서 분리된 Ca-5-2-2 균주가 우수하게 식물생장촉진활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 독도에 자생하는 6종류의 식물에서 Penicillium sp.와 Fusarium sp. 그리고 Aspergillus sp.의 내생균이 가장 많이 존재함을 알 수 있었다.

국내 실외공기의 곰팡이 분포 및 노출에 따른 염증영향평가 (Evaluation of Distribution and Inflammatory Effects of Airborne Fungus in Korea)

  • 윤원석;임재훈;김다사랑;김승현;이효선;김채봉;강주완;이근화;오인보;김양호;서정욱;홍영습;유영
    • 한국환경보건학회지
    • /
    • 제45권6호
    • /
    • pp.638-645
    • /
    • 2019
  • Objectives: For the risk management of airborne fungal diseases, our aim was to evaluate airborne fungi and study the toxicity associated with fungal allergic diseases using fungal species native to Korea. Methods: Fungi were isolated from outdoor air samples collected from Seoul, Incheon, Cheonan, Gwangju, Ulsan, Busan, and Jeju and tested for their cytotoxicity potential and their ability to induce proliferation and secretion of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in human mast cells (HMC-1). Results: More than 18 species of fungi were collected from outdoor air in Korea over one year, and the strains were identified and systematically analyzed. The results showed that the Cladosporium (59%) and Alternaria (22%) strains are the most common in outdoor air. Three of the collected strains (Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Penicillium) showed mild toxicity in cells involved in allergic inflammation, and twelve induced cell proliferation in HMC-1 cells. More importantly, many strains (Edgeworthia, Trametes, Emmia, Irpex, Talaromyces, Penicillium, Periconia, Epicocum, Bipolaris) induced the MDC protein in activated HMC-1 cells. Conclusion: Nineteen percent of the tested strains caused cytotoxicity in mast cell lines, whereas, most of the non-toxic strains contributed to cell activity. Among the tested strains, more than 80% increased the expression of MDC protein, which contributes to the severity of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rhinitis. It is, in fact, one of the markers for these conditions. Therefore, airborne fungus could be considered as an important marker for environmental risk management for allergic diseases in Korea.

Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Endophytic Heterobasidion araucariae from Roots of Capsicum annuum L. in Korea

  • Paul, Narayan Chandra;Deng, Jian Xin;Shin, Kyu-Seop;Yu, Seung-Hun
    • Mycobiology
    • /
    • 제40권2호
    • /
    • pp.85-90
    • /
    • 2012
  • A species of Heterobasidion was encountered during a diversity study of endophytic fungi from healthy root tissues of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Korea. The fungal species (CNU081069) was identified as Heterobasidion araucariae based on phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor gene sequences. Morphological descriptions of the endophytic isolate matched well with the previous references and supported the molecular identification. The fungus Heterobasidion araucariae CNU081069 is new to Korea.

Two New Records of Ascomycetes from Crop Field Soils in Korea

  • Adhikari, Mahesh;Kim, Hyun Seung;Gurung, Sun Kumar;Bazie, Setu;Lee, Hyun Gu;Lee, Hyang Burm;Lee, Youn Su
    • 한국균학회지
    • /
    • 제45권3호
    • /
    • pp.167-174
    • /
    • 2017
  • In the ongoing survey of fungal diversity in Korea, two Ascomycetes species, namely Rhinocladiella similis and Toxicocladosporium irritans, were isolated in 2016. These species were identified based on the internal transcribed spacer region and morphological characteristics. This is the first report of these species in Korea, and the morphological characteristics and images of the fungi are presented.

Polyketide 이차대사물질의 생합성 (Biosynthesis of Polyketide Secondary Metabolites)

  • 윤여준;송재경
    • 생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제12권5호
    • /
    • pp.632-648
    • /
    • 2002
  • The term polyketide defines a class of natural products synthesized through the successive condensation of small arboxylic acids, which results in products containing multiple carbonyl or hydroxyl groups, each separated by one arbon atom, as in the structural element CH$_2$C(=0)CH$_2$CH(OE)CH$_2$C(=0)-. Plant flavonoids, fungal aflatoxins, as well as undreds of compounds of different structures that can inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites or human umor cells are included in this diverse group. Some of antifungal polyketides also have immunosuppresive activity. olyketides can vary widely in structure, and the diversity of polyketide structures reflects the wide variety of their iological properties. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of polyketides and recent progress in combinatorial iosynthesis of new hybrid polyketide compounds.

Two Species of Endophytic Penicillium from Pinus rigida in Korea

  • Kim, Chang-Sun;Park, Myung-Soo;Yu, Seung-Hun
    • Mycobiology
    • /
    • 제36권4호
    • /
    • pp.222-227
    • /
    • 2008
  • Upon studying the diversity of fungal endophytes associated with pine trees in Korea, many species of Penicillium were encountered. In this study, we report two species of Penicillium isolated from the needles of Pinus rigida. Based on ID region analysis, cultural and morphological characteristics, the two species were identified as Penicillium fellutanum and P. toxicarium, both of which are new to Korea.

Characterization of a Zygomycete Fungus, Mortierella minutissima from Freshwater of Yeongsan River in Korea

  • Nguyen, Thi Thuong Thuong;Lee, Hyang Burm
    • 한국균학회지
    • /
    • 제44권4호
    • /
    • pp.346-349
    • /
    • 2016
  • During a survey of fungal diversity of the order Mortierellales, a zygomycete strain, EML-YS717-1, was isolated from a freshwater sample collected from the Yeongsan River in Gwangju, Korea. Based on its morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rDNA sequences, the strain was identified as Mortierella minutissima. To the best of our knowledge, M. minutissima, has not previously been authentically reported in Korea.

Twelve Undescribed Species of Macrofungi from Korea

  • Lee, Jin Sung;Choi, Sun Young;Kim, Changmu;Lee, Hyang Bum
    • 한국균학회지
    • /
    • 제44권4호
    • /
    • pp.233-239
    • /
    • 2016
  • A survey of the indigenous fungal resources of Korea was undertaken during 2014-2015. All specimens collected in this study were identified at the species level, based on their morphological characteristics and rDNA sequence data. Among them, 12 macrofungal species, viz. Agaricus guizhouensis, Amanita orientifulva, Armillaria cepistipes, Crepidotus inhonestus, Daldinia childiae, Elmerina cladophora, Lycoperdon scabrum, Marasmius brunneoaurantiacus, Otidea bufonia, Pluteus hongoi, Pluteus variabilicolor, and Russula grisea have not been previously reported in Korea.

Isolation and Characterization of Two Rare Mucoralean Species with Specific Habitats

  • Lee, Seo Hee;Nguyen, Thuong T.T.;Lee, Hyang Burm
    • Mycobiology
    • /
    • 제46권3호
    • /
    • pp.205-214
    • /
    • 2018
  • The order Mucorales, the largest in number of species within the Mucoromycotina, comprises typically fast-growing saprotrophic fungi. During a study of the fungal diversity of undiscovered taxa in Korea, two novel mucoralean strains, CNUFC-GWD3-9 and CNUFC-EGF1-4, were isolated from specific habitats including freshwater and fecal samples, respectively. On the basis of their morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit ribosomal DNA, the CNUFC-GWD3-9 and CNUFC-EGF1-4 isolates were confirmed to be Gilbertella persicaria and Pilobolus crystallinus, respectively. It is ecologically, pathologically, and mycologically significant to find such rare zygomycetous fungi in such specific habitats.