• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.33-54
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• 2018

This study devised an instruction that applies the content factors of Family Life Planning to backward design by exploring the fundamental concepts of backward design and the structure of developing a systematic instruction. Furthermore, it was conducted to improve the developed instruction by examining its validity with the help of experts and to find the method of applying it to the curriculum. The lesson design of this study was as follows. 1) Making a unit outline, 2) Identifying the expected results (Shaping the objectives), 3) Deciding acceptable evidence (Planning evaluation), 4) Making a detailed blueprint for class tasks, 5) Planning learning experience, 6) Making a learning experience plan per time, 7) Checking the lesson design. Second, experts participated in this study for the internal validity test about the process of the systematic lesson development of Family Life Design based on a backward design. The results were shown to be valid because the average was 3.7 out of a perfect score 4 and the CVI of all was over 0.9. The result of the IRA was also score 1, meaning that most of the experts agreed on the results of the test. The details of the lesson design were clear at every stage and the tasks and the results of each stage were specific. This study included most of the necessary stages for a backward design.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.396-407
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• 2016

Background: Although hyperspectral imaging was originally introduced for military, remote sensing, and astrophysics applications, the use of analytical hyperspectral imaging techniques has been expanded to include monitoring of agricultural crops and commodities due to the broad range and highly specific and sensitive spectral information that can be acquired. Combining hyperspectral imaging with remote sensing expands the range of targets that can be analyzed. Results: Hyperspectral imaging technology can rapidly provide data suitable for monitoring a wide range of plant conditions such as plant stress, nitrogen status, infections, maturity index, and weed discrimination very rapidly, and its use in remote sensing allows for fast spatial coverage. Conclusions: This paper reviews current research on and potential applications of hyperspectral imaging and remote sensing for outdoor field monitoring of agricultural crops. The instrumentation and the fundamental concepts and approaches of hyperspectral imaging and remote sensing for agriculture are presented, along with more recent developments in agricultural monitoring applications. Also discussed are the challenges and limitations of outdoor applications of hyperspectral imaging technology such as illumination conditions and variations due to leaf and plant orientation.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.29-40
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• 2016

Effects of crushed coal bottom ash (CBA) with maximum size of 1 mm on the properties of mortar with various water-to-binder ratios (w/b) were evaluated. The present work is a fundamental study to establish a method of mix proportion design for mortar and concrete with CBA. The workability, air contents, and compressive strength of mortar were measured. Efficiency of CBA on the compressive strength at 28 days, which was adopted for mix proportion design, was evaluated based on concepts of 'equivalent strength' in CEN/TR 16637. It was found that the CBA could be contributed as a binder in mortar in some cases, while in other cases act as at aggregates. The efficiency of CBA was influenced by types of CBA and their replacement ratio, and w/b of mortar.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.23
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• pp.81-100
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• 2011

The term of world literature is now becoming an issue and lens through which we need to rethink the value of literature on a more universal dimension so as to imagine newly the location of the local or regional literature that has been alienated from the field of world literature. This kind of recognition leads us to consider the term world literature in relation to globalization and universality and to locate it on a problematical territory rather than to understand it in the traditional and Western way. Therefore the concept of world literature is now given to us as a task to resolve from our particular, or more precisely, peripheral context. The peripheral context could best operate as a possibility of reforming the West-centered order of world literature particularly in the way in which world literature obtains a more universal value. When we discuss world literature we need to consider the way of practice to re-highlight the possibility of periphery and pre-modernity without neglecting the 'light' of modernity and center. In this respect, the discourse of 'East Asia' may be useful for a transnational approach to world literature which focuses on the criticism of all kinds of centrism by foregrounding the concepts of othering and de-homogenization. For this I emphasize the attitude and methodology of 'post' which includes the power of othering and de-homogenization. The 'posty' theories such as post-colonialism, post-structuralism, post-nationalism and post-humanism allow us to indicate properly and acutely our aim by means of freer play of thought and at the same time more just definition and practice of our thought; that is, only by embracing both indication and play can we maintain the universal value of world literature. Here we can say that the global and local enterprise of ethics is the fundamental basis of world literature.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.275-294
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• 2019

In order to understand the recent trends in mathematics education research papers, data mining method was applied to analyze journals of the mathematics education posterior to the year of 2016. Text mining method is useful in the sense that it utilizes statistical approach to understand the linkages and influencing relationship between concepts and deriving the meaning that data shows by visualizing the process. Therefore, this research analyzed the key words largely mentioned in the recent mathematics education journals. Also the correlation between the subjects of mathematics education was deduced by using topic modeling. By using the trend analysis tool it is possible to understand the vital point which researchers consider it as important in recent mathematics education area and at the same time we tried to use it as a fundamental data to decide the upcoming research topic that is worth noticing.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2019

This paper considers the historical background of the emergence of 'thinking-machine,' that has changed the ontological statue of human and machine. In particular, British mathematician Charles Babbage's Calculating Engines is examined as a material iteration of thinking-machine, focusing on the discursive process by which thought is not the faculty of human, but the function of machine. In Chapter II, I review the dualism of René Descartes who denied the possibility of machine intelligence by separating the substance of body and mind. In Chapter III, Babbage's philosophical assertions which emphasized the function of human associated with thought by rejecting the fundamental opposition between human and machine. Therefore, this paper verifies that the conception of 'thinking-machine' essentially causes the reorganization and reformulation of concepts involved with human identity, and provides the sophisticated sources to prepare new perspective on the artificial technology nowadays.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.135-144
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• 2018

This paper deals with preservation and restoration as a universal approach to conserve architectural heritage. The questions on how to preserve or restore them have been always major issues for many old buildings. Reading changes in ways of the thinking to solve such matters in the past helps to grasp the fundamental concepts to conserve cultural heritage at this point in time. The method is an important stage that leads to change our current attitude. Both the ways of the thinking for preservation and restoration should be re-interpreted to preserve memory or to restore identity depending on the current situation, and even should no longer be understood as two opposite options. Therefore, this paper focuses on the epistemological notion and reveals the origin and premise of modern historical perception that has become disconnected from the past works. By taking the writings of $Eug{\grave{e}}ne$-Emmanuel Viollet le Duc, John Ruskin, and Camillo Boito into consideration, the thesis shows that their thought, in the common denominator of the time, is a kind of reflection of consciousness according to particular historical contexts and that their ideas echo three dialectical paradigms derived from past and present, memory and forgetfulness, and history and truth.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.89-99
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to reveal the meaning of Le Corbusier's works focused on Maison Guiette. This House was completed in 1926, 4 year later than the work of the Citrohan and also, this house is the only remaining mixed use Dwelling in Belgium. It offers a fine example of the early architectural concepts of Le Corbusier's. Despite these important facts, the meanings of the ideas of this house have not been paid attention as much as other houses constructed at the same period, such as Maison La Roche, Maison Stein de Monzie, Villa Savoye, etc. In his book, 'Oeuvre Complete 1910-1929', Le Corbusier mentioned as follows: "A special solution imposed by Belgian housing developments characterized by a dimension of 6 meters of frontage and a very great depth. The staircase serving the various floors is like the ladder of Jacob climbs Charlie Chaplin in the "Kid" and This house is an architectural experiments of his ideas. And this study aims at analysing the relationship between Maison Guiette and spaces on the basic of Le Corbusier's 'Five Points of a New Architecture' which had a great effects on architectural history and became a fundamental elements for the change into the Modern housing. By analysing the points in regard with the Features of Architectural Concept Applied in Maison Guiette, The Five Points are the background of the interpenetration of the interior and the exterior. To attain this, this research appraises each points in detail in regards with Maison Guiette. The study of Maison Guiette will be an important architectural subject to clarify the meaning of his later works and ideas.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.119-129
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to study the meaning of Rem Koolhaas's works focused on Villa Dall'Ava. This House which offers a fine example of the early architectural concepts of Rem Koolhaas was completed in 1991, 7 year earlier than the Maison Bordeaux and also this work is the only one house constructed in Paris. Rem Koolhaas, one of the most influential architects representing contemporary architecture in these days is interpreted so diversely as new constructivism, deconstruction and new scientism etc. The relationship between Modernism architecture and the architecture of Rem Koolhaas is supposed in various point of view in recent studies. Although the leading background on which the architectural inclination of Rem Koolhaas is de-constructivism, various interviews, editorials and other perspectives give clue that Rem Koolhaas was influenced by Modernism. His architectural concept is connected with the architectural principles of Le Corbusier: 'Five Points of a New Architecture' and 'Dom-ino system', which are especially applied a lot to Villa Dall'Ava in the modified form. This study is to research the architectural characteristics of Villa Dall'Ava by analyzing the layout, plan, elevation, section and structure, which revealed the architectural connectivity between the concept of Rem Koolhaas and the architectural principles of Le Corbusier which had a great effects on architectural history and became a fundamental elements for the change into the modern architecture. In practice, the architectural work of Rem Koolhaas remind the architectural principles of Le Corbusier. This research appraises each points of 'Five Points of a New Architecture' in regarding with Villa Dall'Ava whose study will be important to find the meaning of the works and ideas of Rem Koolhaas.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.583-594
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• 2020

In this study, the existing concept of density has a limitation in providing the cause of phenomena, and the concept of buoyancy poses a problem because it has many misconceptions and requires an overly difficult concept to understand quantitative calculation, so we suggest an explaining method as process viewpoint introducing the principle of lever. The new method of explanation has been proposed using the lever as visual tool to reveal the gravity as the fundamental principle and process viewpoint. As a result, teachers stayed on many alternative concepts and less than half of the teachers were aware that density was related to gravity. In addition, they recognized it as matter viewpoints, but there is a meaningful conceptual change after intervention(p<.000). Also, they evaluated that the new method is better able to recognize the principle and process viewpoint than the existing description method. Through this, we can confirm the educational value of explaining method as process viewpoint introducing the principle of lever.