• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.7176-7181
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• 2015

본 논문은 방초, 방림, 로드킬 등이 적용된 고기능 가드레일 지주에 태양광 모듈을 부착하여 자체 전력을 생산하고 USN을 이용하여 야생동물의 출현과 자동차 도로의 상황을 통합 관제 및 상시 감시할 수 있는 시스템에 관한 것이다. 전체 시스템은 태양광 발전 모듈, 감지 센서부(초전형), 제어부(동작 선택부 및 동작 센서부), USN시스템, DB(응향 및 섬광), 음향 및 섬광 출력부, 로드킬 방지 및 자동차 안전유도 제어 시스템으로 구성된다. 따라서, 도로환경의 개선과 로드킬을 방지하여 동물들을 보호할 수 있고 자동차를 안전하게 유도하며 신재생에너지와 IT융합 기술이 접목된 USN을 이용한 다목적 가드레일의 원격제어 및 모니터링 시스템에 관한 연구이다. USN을 이용한 원격제어 및 모니터링 시스템의 실험결과 무인 감지 시스템의 동작시간은 5.1 ms 이내, 소비전류는 0.328 mA이며 원격제어 시스템의 데이터 전송 속도는 250 kbps, 소비전류는 0.283 mA로 구현됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2013

Background: This study aims to evaluate whether or not the method of right vertical axillary minithoracotomy (RVAM) is preferable to and as reliable as conventional sternotomy surgery, and also assesses its cosmetic results. Methods: Thirty-three patients (7 males, 26 females) with atrial septal defect were admitted to the Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic of Cukurova University from December 2005 until January 2010. The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 22. Patients who underwent vertical axillary minithracotomy were assigned to group I, and those undergoing conventional sternotomy, to group II. Group I and group II were compared with regard to the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative variables. Group I included 12 females and 4 males with an average age of $16.5{\pm}9.7$. Group II comprised 14 female and 3 male patients with an average age of $18.5{\pm}9.8$ showing similar features and pathologies. The cases were in Class I-II according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification, and patients with other cardiac and systemic problems were not included in the study. The ratio of the systemic blood flow to the pulmonary blood flow (Qp/Qs) was $1.8{\pm}0.2$. The average pulmonary artery pressure was $35{\pm}10$ mmHg. Following the diagnosis, performing elective surgery was planned. Results: No significant difference was detected in the average time of the patients' extraportal circulation, cross-clamp and surgery (p>0.05). In the early postoperative period of the cases, the duration of mechanical ventilator support, the drainage volume in the first 24 hours, and the hospitalization time in the intensive care unit were similar (p>0.05). Postoperative pains were evaluated together with narcotic analgesics taken intravenously or orally. While 7 cases (43.7%) in group I needed postoperative analgesics, 12 cases (70.6%) in group II needed them. No mortality or major morbidity has occurred in the patients. The incision style and sizes in all of the patients undergoing RVAM were preserved as they were at the beginning. Furthermore, the patients of group I were mobilized more quickly than the patients of group II. The patients of group I were quite pleased with the psychological and cosmetic results. No residual defects have been found in the early postoperative period and after the end of the follow-up periods. All of the patients achieved functional capacity per NYHA. No deformation of breast growth has been detected during 18 months of follow-up for the group I patients, who underwent RVAM. Conclusion: To conclude, the repair of atrial septal defect by RVAM, apart from the limited working zone for the surgeon in these pathologies as compared to sternotomymay be considered in terms of the outcomes, and early and late complications. And this has accounted for less need of analgesics and better cosmetic results in recent years.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.394-404
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• 2006

Statement of problem: A conventional 3-unit fixed partial denture design with a pontic between two retainers is the most commonly used. However in cases where the mental nerve is in close proximity to the second premolar, a cantilever design can be considered. As such, logical and scientific evidence is lacking for the number and position of implants to be placed for partially edentulous patients, and no clear-cut set of treatment principles currently exist. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate prognosis of implant-supported fixed partial dentures and to compare changes in bone level which may rise due to the different factors. Material and method : The present study examined radiographical marginal bone loss in patients treated with implant-supported fixed partial dentures (87 prostheses supported by 227 implants) and evaluated the influence of the span of the pontic, type of the opposing dentition. Clinical complications were studied using a retrospective method. Within the limitation of this study. the following result were drawn Result, 1. Seven of a total of 227 implants restored with fixed prostheses failed, resulting in a 96.9% success rate. 2. Complications encountered during recall appointments included dissolution of temporary luting agent (17 cases), porcelain fracture (8 cases), loosened screws (5 cases), gingival recession (4 cases), and gingival enlargement (1 case). 3. Marginal bone loss, 1 year after prosthesis placement, was significant(P<0.05) in the group that underwent bone grafting, however no difference in annual resorption rate was observed afterwards. 4. Marginal bono loss, 1 year post-placement, was greater in cantilever-type prostheses than in centric pontic protheses (P<0.05). 5. Marginal bone loss was more pronounced in posterior regions compared to anterior regions (P<0.05). 6. The degree of marginal bone loss was proportional to the length of the pontic (P<0.05). Conclusion: The success rate of implant-supported fixed partial dentures, including marginal bone loss, was satisfactory in the present study. Factors influencing marginal bone loss included whether bone graft was performed, location of the pontic (s), location of the surgical area in the arch pontic span. Long-term evaluation is necessary for implant-supported fixed partial dentures, as are further studies on the relationship between functional load and the number of implants to be placed.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2012

본 연구는 복합저장소 구축 방법과 복합지식 프로세스 개발을 위한 기술적 방법을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 복합지식 저장소에 저장되는 데이터 대상은 복합지식 메타데이터와 디지털 자원 모두를 포함하며, 사용목적에 따라 사용자 역할, 기능적 요소, 서비스 범주로 나눌 수 있다. 이 세 가지 요소는 저장소의 추상적 모델을 설명하는 기본적인 구성요소이다. 본 연구에서는 복합지식의 메타데이터를 2가지 요소로 구분하여 정의하였다. Component는 지식을 사용하고 생성하는 주체나 활동단위, 리소스 자체 등에 대한 속성을 나타내고, Context는 지식객체가 포함되어 있는 맥락을 나타낸다. 복합지식 프로세스 Agent는 복합지식의 분류와 등록, 검색, 패턴 정보 관리 등의 역할을 수행하고 복합지식 저장소와 사용자 사이의 데이터 흐름과 처리를 담당한다. 복합지식 프로세스 Agent는 데이터의 검색과 추출, 분산 환경에서 데이터 교환을 위한 데이터의 수집과 출력, 저장된 데이터의 추가, 변경 등이 발생한 것을 알려주는 경고, 데이터의 저장과 등록, 메타데이터 조회 후 원하는 물리적 자료를 요청하는 요청과 전달 등의 기능으로 구성하였다. 본 연구에서 개발하고자하는 추천시스템을 위한 복합지식저장소 구축은 산업 현장에서 적시에 다양한 콘텐츠를 사용자에게 제시함으로서 일과 학습이 동시에 일어날 수 있도록 하여 시의적절한 지식을 실시간 가시화함으로써 학습 생산성을 증대하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1990

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dental therapeutic agent on conduction velocity and threshold current of intradental A- and C-fibers in the cat. Inferior alveolar nerve of cat anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital was exposed and dissected until response of functional single pulp nerve until could be evoked by monopolar electrical stimulation of the crown of the lower left canine teeth. 10ms rectangular pulse was used to determine the threshold current and 1ms rectangular pulse was used to determine conduction velocity. After application of calcium chloride (1, 2, 6M), calcium hydroxide mixed with saline, potassium chloride (0.2, 0.8, 1.6M), eugenol, zinc oxide eugenol to the cavity on the labial surface, conduction velocity and threshold current of single pulp nerve unit were compared with the control. In 10 cats, 24 $A{\delta}$- and 11 C- pulp nerve units were recorded. The mean conduction velocities of $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers were 7.5m/sec (SD=5.8) and 1.2m/sec (SD=0.4), respectively. The mean threshold current was $12.3{\mu}A$ (SD=5.3) for $A{\delta}$-fibers and $24.9{\mu}A$ (SD=8.1) for C-fibers. 1, 2, 6M calcium chloride caused decrease of conduction velocity and remarkable increase of threshold current in $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers. The effect of calcium hydroxide mixed with saline was similar but smaller than calcium chloride solution. 0.2M potassium chloride had insignificant effect. In 0.8M potassium chloride, the threshold current was increased although conduction velocity was not affected. In 1.6M potassium chloride, the threshold current was increased and the conduction velocity was slowed down. Spontaneous activity was recorded frequently for first 5 min but gradually reduced both in $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers. Eugenol had irreversible effect on pulp nerve in that initially there were not certain changes in the conduction velocity and threshold current of $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers, but the responses to electrical stimulation were abruptly disappeared after sustained application and were not recovered. Contrary to eugenol, zinc oxide eugenol did not caused significant increase of the threhold current and caused time dependent decrease of the conduction velocity, and did not show any irreversible change.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.147-160
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• 1997

지리정보시스템의 이론적 틀로 인식되고 있는 지도대수(Map Algebra)는 공간자료의 처리단위인 지도레이어를 피연산자로, 여러 처리소프트웨어를 연산자로 모델링하는 대수체계이다. 본 논문에서는 지도대수와 관련된 대표적 선행연구를 검토하여 그 제한점을 밝혀내어 보완하였다. 첫째 지도 레이어를 함수로 모형화하여 함수 프로그래밍의 메타 함수기능의 적용을 가능하도록 하였다. 이것은 지도대수언어에 메타연산자를 포함시켜 지리정보시스템의 사용자언어에 필요한 프로그래밍 기능을 제공하게된다 . 둘째 기존 지도대수언의 어의적.문법적 한계를 분석하고 이를 확장하여 지도 데이터 모델과 지도대수언어를 정형화한 후 지도대수 처리기으 원형을 설계하고 구현하였다. 지도대수언어 구문해석기는 기존의 지리정보시스템이 갖고 있는 이질적인 고유 명령어를 공통언어로 재구성하는 역할을 수행한다. 본 연구를 통해 구현된 맵시(MspSee)는 웹에 기반한 지도대수 처리기로써 본 논문에서 제시된 다양한 지도대수의 개념을 검증할 수 있었다. 지도대수언어를 통한 지리정보시스템의 사용자 인터페이스는 제트워크상에 분산되어 있는 지리정보와 그 처리모듈을 웹 클라이언트라는 간단하지만 강력한 인터페이스로 접근을 가?케 함으로써 인터넷 지리정보시스템의 중요 하부구조로 자리잡을 것으로 전망된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.717-723
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• 2007

Statement of problem. Unreasonable distal cantilevered implant-supported prosthesis can mask functional problems of reconstruction temporarily, but it can cause serious strain and stress around its supported implant and surrounding alveolar bone. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate strain of implants supporting distal cantilevered fixed prosthesis with two different cantilevered length under distal cantilevered static load. Material and methods. A partially edentulous mandibular test model was fabricated with auto-polymerizing resin (POLYUROCK; Metalor technologies, Stuttgart, Swiss) and artificial denture teeth (Endura; Shofu inc., Kyoto, Japan). Two implants-supported 5-unit screw-retained cantilevered fixed prosthesis was made using standard methods with Type III gold alloy (Harmony C&B55; Ivoclar-vivadent, Liechtenstein, Germany) for superstructure and reinforced hard resin (Tescera; Ivoclar-vivadent, Liechtenstein, Germany) for occlusal material. Two strain gauges (KFG-1-120-C1-11L1M2R; KYOWA electronic instruments, Tokyo, Japan) were then attached to the mesial and the distal surface of each standard abutment with adhesive (M-bond 200; Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan). Total four strain gauges were attached to test model and connected to dynamic signal conditioning strain amplifier (CTA1000; Curiotech inc., Paju, Korea). The stepped $20{\sim}100$ N in 25 N increments, cantilevered static load 8mm apart (Group I) or 16mm apart (Group II), were applied using digital push-pull gauge (Push-Pull Scale & Digital Force Gauge, Axis inc., Seoul, Korea). Each step was performed ten times and every strain signal was monitored and recorded. Results. In case of Group I, the strain values were surveyed by $80.7{\sim}353.8{\mu}m$ in Ch1, $7.5{\sim}47.9{\mu}m/m$ in Ch2, $45.7{\sim}278.6{\mu}m/m$ in Ch3 and $-212.2{\sim}718.7{\mu}m/m$ in Ch4 depending on increasing cantilevered static load. On the other hand, the strain values of Group II were surveyed by $149.9{\sim}612.8{\mu}m/m$ in Ch1, $26.0{\sim}168.5{\mu}m/m$ in Ch2, $114.3{\sim}632.3{\mu}m/m$ in Ch3, and $-323.2{\sim}-894.7{\mu}m/m$ in Ch4. Conclusion. A comparative statistical analysis using paired sample t-test about Group I Vs Group II under distal cantilevered load shows that there are statistical significant differences for all 4 channels (P<0.05).

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.117-136
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• 2008

본 연구 목적은 고등학교 1학년 기술 가정교과서의 가족관련 내용이 있는 '가정생활의 설계' 단원에서 가족이 어떠한 관점으로 접근되어 있는지를 구조기능론 발달론 관점과 건강가정 관점으로 비교분석하여 가족 관점에 대한 개선점을 파악하는 것이다. 가족구조, 가족역할, 발달주기, 가족관계, 노후적응, 결혼과 출산이라는 6가지로 분석요소를 구성하였다. 가족구조, 가족역할에서는 본문과 참고자료를 대상으로 심층분석하였고, 사진과 그림, 본문과 참고자료의 가족 예를 대상으로는 계량분석하였다. 그리고 나머지 분석요소에서는 본문과 참고자료를 대상으로 심층분석하였다. 심층 분석에서 건강가정 관점이 구조기능론 관점보다 많게 나온 분석요소는 가족역할, 가족구조, 결혼과 출산, 노후적응순이었고, 구조기능론이 건강가정 관점보다 많이 나온 분석요소는 가족관계였으며 발달주기 분석요소에서는 발달론 관점이 건강가정 관점보다 많게 나타났다. 그리고 가족구조 계량분석에서 사진과 그림은 구조기능론 관점으로, 본문과 참고자료는 건강가정 관점으로, 가족역할 계량분석에서 사진과 그림, 본문과 참고자료는 구조기능론 관점으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 구조기능론 발달론 관점과 건강가정 관점이 비슷하게 나타나서 고등학교 가족 관련 단원은 구조기능론 발달론 관점과 건강가정 관점으로 접근하였음을 알 수 있다. 교과서 개정이 수시로 이루어지고 건강가정 관점으로 교과서를 집필하며 교사는 구조기능론 관점으로 접근된 내용을 건강가정 관점으로 접근하고 건강가정 관점의 학습자료 및 교수학습 방법을 개발 적용해야 한다고 사료된다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2016

Purpose: As our population ages and becomes an elderly society the number of elderly care hospitals is rapidly increasing. Because physical functions and spatial perception in the elderly decrease with age, these hospitals require more systematic and intelligent space designs. The design of these spaces are even more complex because they must accommodate medical programs to treat various different diseases and ailments and also because there are many first time patients and irregular short term patients that seek out outpatient treatment services. Also by analyzing the spatial configuration systems and systematic relationships between each of the functional spaces of the outpatient treatment service departments for hospitals specialized in care for the elderly by focusing on the hallway and corridor systems of these hospitals, the according characteristics and trends were examined. Methods: Based on preceding research, the types of hallway and corridor systems of these hospitals were categorized into five types, including gallery corridors, middle corridors, hall-type, mixed type and cyclic type corridors, and into six types according to function including by medical diagnosis, patient registration, examination, administration and convenience and shared common space to derive any interconnecting relationships between the corridor systems. Also by comprehensively examining the types and combined utilization of the corridor types and the integration and the intelligibility of the space syntax, any trends within the corridor system were derived. The elderly care hospitals examined in this research study were twelve hospitals that opened after the year 2000 in Korea with more that 150 sick beds with areas larger than $1000m^2$ and with all outpatient medical service related rooms located entirely on a single floor of the hospital. Results: The following results could be confirmed based on this research study. 1) The spaces where medical diagnosis and examination occurred were adjacent, and the movement lines for first time patients and re-visiting patients were taken into consideration by separating the treatment space. 2) This research study confirmed that the larger the size of the hospital was, there were more detailed categorizations of treatment services and that there was a tendency for treatment areas to be separated and independent from examination areas. 3) There was a tendency for integration and intelligibility to decrease the more complex and diverse the combination of hall types designed into the corridor systems of these hospitals was. cyclic type corridors dramatically decreased the intelligibility of the corridor systems of these hospitals. 4) The priority rank of these spaces were confirmed to be highest in the order of registration, diagnosis, examination, treatment, administration and shared common spaces. However it was confirmed for the local integration that the diagnosis scope had the highest priority rank. Implications: There were exceptional cases confirmed where the number of unit spaces did not have an absolute effect on integration and intelligibility. These results can be interpreted to mean that this can be overcome through efficient architectural planning.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.238-243
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• 2011

유기/무기 혼합 물질은 뛰어난 성능으로 인해 지난 수년간 다양한 분야에서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 고분자 매트릭스에서의 무기 나노입자의 위치 및 분산을 조절하기 위해 싸이올(-SH) 기능기로 말단이 치환된 고분자 리간드가 나노입자의 표면 성질을 개질하는 데에 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 싸이올 기능기와 금속 나노입자간의 특정한 결합은 높은 온도에서는 매우 불안정하다. 본 연구진은 UV 경화가 가능한 azide 그룹을 고분자 리간드에 도입하여 열적으로 매우 안정한 금나노입자를 합성하여 보고한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 더 나아가 표면 성질이 개질된 열적으로 안정한 금나노입자를 얻기 위해서 상대적으로 극성인 UV 경화 가능한 azide와 무극성인 스티렌의 공급 몰 비를 각각 다르게 해서 다양한 UV 경화성 고분자 리간드를 합성하였다. 이를 이용해 합성한 금나노입자는 열적으로 매우 안정하였으며 PS-b-PMMA와 같은 블록공중합체 매트릭스 내에서 금나노입자의 위치를 한 도메인에서 계면으로 정교하게 조절 할 수 있음을 확인하였다.