• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.4 s.107
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• pp.41-48
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• 2004

To make a basepaper for multipurposed seed paper, old news print (ONP) and mixed office waste paper (MOW), modified and unmodified with a commercial cellulase, were investigated. Each handsheet was applied with different chemicals such as insecticides, germicides and herbicides. The interactions behaviors of chemicals used with base papers were evaluated by means of the contents of chemicals impregnation and dissolving behaviors in water and soil. The ONP and MOW treated with the cellulase had higher impregnation and dissolving capacities in both water and soil than untreated ONP and MOW. However, the modified ONP showed lower impregnation and dissolving capacities compared to the modified MOW. The content of impregnation of chemicals would be affected with the degree of microfibrils produced by the modification treatment. Otherwise, dissolving capacities of chemicals depend on the affinity of the residual lignin in the paper.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.593-598
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• 1998

Biological deinking process of used papers was studied by the polymer modified cellulase. Cellulase was modified with copolymers which consist of polyoxyethylene derivative and maleic anhydride(MA). The MA functional groups of copolymer can react with amino acids groups of the cellulase without much loss of activity. Modified degree of amino acids was controlled by the added copolymer. The maximum modified degree was about 60% and it was obtained when the weight ratio of copolymer and cellulase was 4. The remained activity of the maximum modified cellulase(MMC) was higher than 80% of native cellulase. The MMC's concentration was 0.05-2.0 wt% relative to the dry paper. In mechanical pulping process, cellulase enhanced the detachment of the ink particle from the used paper by partial hydrolysis of the fiber. The polyoxyethylene of modified cellulase produced the forms which can float the separated ink particle. Compared to the convention deinking method with NaOH or organic chemicals, the new biological deinnking process improved the physical properties such as freeness, tearing strength and whiteness.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.789-791
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• 2006

Purpose: The inverted nipple presents many problems in both cosmetic and functional aspects. The histopathologic features of inverted nipple are that inverted nipple has less fibromuscular tissue than normal nipple, short lactiferous duct and dense fibrous tissue. Many papers have been reported for correction of the inverted nipple, however not many medical literatures has specifically described about traction method. Although traditional traction methods were using half of urine cup or lid of bottle, they were uncomfortable and incapable for wearing brassiere. Methods: We invented a simple and more natural method using a dome-shape plastic disposable lid of take-out cup. We applied new device for three patients after corrective surgery. Results: For long term follow up, all patients satisfied their postoperative status and they were comportable with the lids. Conclusion: This new method is very simple, comfortable, and effective method for traction. It also allows patients to wear the brassiere.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2001

In 1984, Johnson[A bounded convergence theorem for the Feynman in-tegral, J, Math. Phys, 25(1984), 1323-1326] proved a bounded convergence theorem for hte Feynman integral. This is the first stability theorem of the Feynman integral as an $L(L_2 (\mathbb{R}^N), L_2(\mathbb{R}^{N}))$ theory. Johnson and Lapidus [Generalized Dyson series, generalized Feynman digrams, the Feynman integral and Feynmans operational calculus. Mem, Amer, Math, Soc. 62(1986), no 351] studied stability theorems for the Feynman integral as an $L(L_2 (\mathbb{R}^N), L_2(\mathbb{R}^{N}))$ theory for the functional with arbitrary Borel measure. These papers treat functionals which involve only a single integral. In this paper, we obtain the stability theorems for the Feynman integral as an $L(L_1 (\mathbb{R}^N), L_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{N}))$theory for the functionals which involve double integral with some Borel measures.

• Selected Papers of The Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.4-14
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• 1993

A natural and an artificial harbor can exhibit frequency (or period) dependent water surface oscillations when excited by incident waves. Such oscillations in harbors can cause significant damages to moored ships and adjacent structures. This can also induce undesirable current in harbor. Many previous investigators have studied various aspects of harbor resonance problem. In the present paper, both a localized finite element method(LFEM) which is based on the functional constructed by Chen & Mei(1974) and Bai & Yeung(1974) and an integral equation method which was used by Lee(1969) are applied to harbor resonance problem. The LFEM shows computationally more efficient than the integral equation method. Our test results show a good agreement compared with other results. In the present computations, specifically two harbor geometris are treated here. The present method by LFEM can be extended to a fully three dimensional harbor problem.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate how to use the Quality of Life(QoL) of obesity and to study the report cases which measure QoL on obesity. Method: This study investigate the definition of Health-related Quality of Life(HRQoL), the measurement of Health-related Quality of Life, and the papers of Health-related Quality of Life on obesity through the books and medicine journals of HRQoL and obesity. Conclusions: 1. The QoL includes role functional ability, the degree and quality of social and community interaction, psychological state, somatic feeling, and life satisfaction than personal health and social well-being. 2. The investigator needs to evaluate the reliability, validity and sensitivity of the scale, and the appropriateness of the instrument for the target population When he decides measurement. 3. The investigator have the well-drilled supporter or himself managed the data and study population to prevent missing data. 4. The investigator should decide which is needed on obesity a obesity-specific or broad-ranging instrument, or both.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 2004

Cacti of the genus Opuntia, which are widely distributed throughout Latin America, South Africa, the Mediterranean, and Korea, have been used not only as ornamental plants but also for their medicinal value. For example, Opuntia spp. have traditionally been used as hypoglycemic plants for treating diabetes mellitus. In this article, we review published papers dealing with the biological and medicinal properties of Opuntia spp.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.137-144
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to suggest the design guidelines for healthcare facilities for the elderly. D healthcare facility for the elderly in Busan was case studied. Subjects were 34 elderly patients, 35 families, and 36 nurses who were in this facility. The elderly Patients and their families were interviewed and the nurses were answered through self-administered questionnaires. Generally, the users of this facility were positively responded to the building and interior design of this facility. Also, the elderly patients and the families were mere satisfied with the design of this healthcare facility than the nurses. All users responded the functional aspects and the whole interior design of this healthcare facility positively and the environmental psychological aspects negatively Also, the nurses responded this facility's ambient environments negatively and the patients and the families positively. The elderly patients and their families wanted to share the inpatient room with 3-6 persons because of their economical conditions and social contacts. Almost half of them preferred to sit down on the floor Also, they tended to prefer to light interior color, wall papers, and the familiar and home-like environments.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.376-386
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• 2015

MOFs(Metal-Organic Frameworks) are new kinds of materials comprised of metal ions and functional organic ligands, and have large pores in its rigid structures which give the materials various functionalities, including gas absorption, separation, drug delivery etc. Recently photoluminescence properties of MOFs and possibilities of its application to high explosive sensing technologies are drawing attentions from scientists and engineers, because these methods are simple, cheap and easy to perform detection operations. In this article the author reviews the mechanisms of photoluminescence of MOFs, the detection methods of high explosives using MOFs and recent research progresses based on the papers published mainly during last 10 years.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.73-83
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to classify and extend the consumer value of movie theaters into various values such as functional value, emotional value, social value, epistemic value, and conditional value based on the theory of consumption value by Sheth, Newman and Gross (1991). It also aims to verify the path structure of consumption value→customer satisfaction→behavior intention of movie theaters to confirm its generalization. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted by collecting data on Kimpo university students from various areas in Incheon, Northern Seoul, Ilsan, Kyonggi Province, and Kimpo City. The survey was conducted by distributing 280 survey papers from Oct. 5 to 15, 2013 and collecting 238 of them. The final analysis used 208 questionnaires, after excluding 30 invalid responses. The statistical analysis of this study used the SPSS 19.0 statistics package. Results - The results of the survey are as follows: First, consumption values of movie theaters are classified into the following five groups: functional value, emotional value, social value, epistemic value, and conditional value. This study verified that consumption values play a role as a previous variable of customer satisfaction. Second, functional value, emotional value, and epistemic value have positive effects on customer satisfaction. On the other hand, social value and conditional value do not affect customer satisfaction. Finally, customer satisfaction has a positive impact on behavior intention. Theater users have an intention to re-use or recommend the movie theater they used when they are satisfied with a movie theater's physical environment and services. Conclusions - This study can provide academic and practical implications as follows based on the results mentioned above. First, academic implications can be found in that consumption values of movie theater users are classified into five values based on the theory of consumption value by Sheth et al. (1991). In the previous study, the service quality of a movie theater was studied based on the service quality of service encounters and a physical environment→customer satisfaction→behavior intention path structure. However, this study was verified by a consumption value→customer satisfaction→behavior intention path structure to classify consumption value, but not service quality or perceived value of quality, to confirm this generalization. Second, practical implications can be found in that the relative impact of consumption value of movie theaters on consumer satisfaction showed that functional value was followed by epistemic value and emotional value. In the previous study on movie theaters, previous variables of customer satisfaction were separated only by functional service quality including service encounters and physical environment; in some other studies, quality of service encounter had a direct effect on customer satisfaction. Accordingly, a marketing manager of a movie theater should develop various differentiated services by reflecting not only functional value such as service encounters and physical environment but also epistemic value and emotional value.