• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.39-58
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• 1999

This paper determines the interactive effects of information technologies(IT) on corporate performances. IT was measured inclusively in terms of technology level, information level, functional level, and management level. Corporate performances were composed of the effectiveness of IT and the financial performance of a corporation. The effectiveness of IT was measured in terms of satisfaction with the support of IT department and with output information, whereas financial performance of corporation was measured in terms of market growth and profitability. Theoretical and empirical analyses lead to the followings. In the theoretical aspect, IT in a corporation needs to be measured broadly. And a study of IT related to corporate performance needs to use either a conversion effectiveness model or an intermediate effect model rather than a direct effect model. In the empirical aspect, the effectiveness of IT within an organization improves with some of the interactive effect of ITs including technology level, information level, functional level, and management level. So do some of the financial performances of a corporation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to provide basic information for the trend of individual-authorization on functional food materials in Korea to side of Korean medicine. Methods: Approval of materials for individual-authorized functional food in Korea was analyzed from 2004 to August 2015 using database from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), regarding the kinds of function, materials and their functional level by year. Results: Korean functional food market has rapidly grown to 1.56 trillion Won in 2014, with about 10% of annual growth rate. In particular, the increase of individual-authorized functional food is worth of notices, in detail 313 kinds of functional materials covering 31 body functions have been approved by August 2015. 15.7% of individual-authorized functional foods have used the herbal materials. This quantitative and qualitative expansion of functional foods, especially of individual-authorized functional foods, will affect the herbal drug industry negatively. Conclusion: This study figured out the current pattern of material approval for individual-authorized functional food in Korea, which would be essential in development of strategies by Korean medicine community in order to overcome such conditions.

• 한국노년학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.593-609
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• 2012

이 연구는 노인장기요양보험 시행 4주년을 맞이하는 현 시점에서 노인장기요양보험 수급자의 기능상태 변화와 그 관련요인을 파악하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 2008년 8~9월 당시 장기요양 등급(1~3등급)을 받은 수급자 가운데 1년 후인 2009년 8~9월에도 장기요양 인정조사를 받은 17,652명을 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 2009년의 기능상태가 2008년과 비교해 전체 항목에서 개선되었으며, 특히 일상생활기능, 행동변화, 재활, 수단적 일상생활기능, 인지기능, 그리고 간호처치 항목 순으로 개선 정도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 분석대상자의 기능상태 변동요인을 분석한 결과에서는 먼저 시설서비스를 이용한 경우 1등급에서는 재활, 2등급에서는 일상생활기능 항목의 기능상태가 유의하게 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 재가서비스 중 방문요양 급여를 이용한 경우 1등급에서는 일상생활기능, 2등급에서는 일상생활기능과 재활, 3등급에서는 일상생활기능, 인지기능, 행동변화 항목에서 기능상태가 유의하게 개선되었다. 또한 주·야간보호 급여를 이용한 경우는 1등급에서 일상생활기능, 수단적 일상생활기능, 행동변화, 재활, 2등급에서는 행동변화, 그리고 3등급에서는 인지기능, 행동변화 항목에서 기능상태가 유의하게 개선되었다. 끝으로 단기보호 급여를 이용한 경우는 3등급에서만 행동변화 항목의 기능상태가 유의하게 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 이상을 통해 노인장기요양보험 수급자는 그들의 등급과 이용하는 장기요양 서비스에 따라 기능상태 개선 효과에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 향후 노인장기요양보험 수급자들의 실질적인 기능상태 개선을 위해서는 수급자의 건강 및 기능상태 등에 대한 객관적이고 포괄적인 이해를 바탕으로 한 맞춤형 서비스제공체계로의 개선이 필요하다. 또한 이를 위해서는 표준급여모형의 급여종류를 수급자의 종합적인 상황을 반영할 수 있도록 개선하는 것은 물론, 표준장기요양이용계획서에 수급자의 다양한 특성을 반영할 수 있도록 작성인력의 전문성 등이 강화되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2014

Objective: In this study, we used resting-state fMRI data to map differences in functional connectivity between a comprehensive set of 8 distinct cortical and subcortical brain regions in healthy controls and Internet addicts. We also investigated the relationship between resting state connectivity strength and the level of psychopathology (ex. score of internet addiction scale and score of Barratt impulsiveness scale). Background: There is a lot of evidence of relationship between Internet addiction and impaired inhibitory control. Clinical evidence suggests that Internet addicts have a high level of impulsivity as measured by behavioral task of response inhibition and a self report questionnaire. Method: 15 Internet addicts and 15 demographically similar non-addicts participated in the current resting-state fMRI experiment. For the connectivity analysis, regions of interests (ROIs) were defined based on the previous studies of addictions. Functional connectivity assessment for each subject was obtained by correlating time-series across the ROIs, resulting in $8{\times}8$ matrixs for each subject. Within-group, functional connectivity patterns were observed by entering the z maps of the ROIs of each subject into second-level one sample t test. Two sample t test was also performed to examine between group differences. Results: Between group, the analysis revealed that the connectivity in between the orbito frontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex, between orbito frontal cortex and putamen, between the orbito frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, between the insula and anterior cingulate cortex, and between amydgala and insula was significantly stronger in control group than in the Internet addicts, while the connectivity in between the orbito frontal cortex and insula showed stronger negative correlation in the Internet addicts relative to control group (p < 0.001, uncorrected). No significant relationship between functional connectivity strength and current degree of Internet addiction and degree of impulsitivy was seen. Conclusion: This study found that Internet addicts had declined connectivity strength in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and other regions (e.g., ACC, IPC, and insula) during resting-state. It may reflect deficits in the OFC function to process information from different area in the corticostriatal reward network. Application: The results might help to develop theoretical modeling of Internet addiction for Internet addiction discrimination.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.28-44
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to discuss and analyze the effect of blood glucose on treadmill exercise, functional food and their combined treatment protocol on diabetic rats. These group were divided treadmill exercise group(n:12), functional food feeding group(n:12), treadmill exercise with functional food feeding group(n:12) and control group. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. The blood glucose level was showed significantly different in several group, treadmill exercise with functional food feeding group are most significantly on other group. 2. The inhibitory rate of body weight was not significantly different on each group. 3. The amount of feeding was not significantly in several group. 4. The Islets size and Connective tissue proliferation was showed significantly different except control group, treadmill exercise with functional food feeding group are more significantly than other group. These results show that treadmill exercise with functional food feeding and their several protocols can retard the setreptozotocin-induced dibetic rat.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.645-654
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• 2013

This study investigated the difference of reference price, preference and quality perception of high functional underwear according to innovation cues. High functional underwear was selected as a research stimulus due to its technological innovative characteristics. A total of 93 male university students participated as subjects and data were collected by simple random experimental design operationalized with three types of innovation stimulus cues. Two types of internal reference price perception-expected price and fair price, preference, and 9 items of product quality perception-8 functional properties and overall quality of stimulus were measured with a questionnaire. The result supported the difference of reference price and quality perception by product innovation cue. The higher cue level group perceived two types of reference price and the overall quality higher than the lower cue level group. The difference of the expected price and fair price, the influence of functional properties on overall quality, and relations of the variables were discussed in depth.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.295-298
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• 2003

The study investigated the effect of multi-functional fabric on the autonomic nervous function and psychological variables of 20 students. The experimental group exhibited lower values in anxiety, depression, fatigue and stress level and higher emotional level. This study reveals that multi-functional fabrics reduced the low frequency/high frequency power ratio of heart rate variability. These results support the multi-functional fabrics increases cardiac parasympathetic tone. In addition, experimental group were found to have lower heart rate compared with controls. This augmented heart rate in experiment provides support for stablizing autonomic nervous system. In conclusion, multi-functional fabrics may stabilize the autonomic nervous system and psychological symptoms.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate functional disability for the elderly in rural Korea and to identify influencing factors of functional disability. Methods : The data were collected for 76 community-dwelling elderly in rural area and above 65 years. We assessed cognitive function, functional disability, depression using LACLS, WHODAS 2.0, SGDS-K. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for general characteristics of subjects, Spearman's correlation among LACLS, SGDS-K, WHODAS 2.0, age, educational levels. And multiple regression was used to find influencing factors of functional disability. Results : As a result of this study, we identified that WHODAS 2.0 total score was 50.59, summary score was 9.94 and functional disability of the elderly in rural area is in the 70^th percentile. The highest level of disability occurred in areas related to 'life activities (household)', 'participation in society' and the lowest level of disability occured in areas of 'self-care', 'getting along with people'. Functional disability was significantly correlated with age (r=.398), cognitive function (r=-.547), depression (r=-.563) but not educational levels (r=-.215). Finally, we confirmed that depression (𝛽=.371), cognitive function (𝛽=-.263), widowed status (𝛽=.303), age (𝛽=.272), non-participation of community program (𝛽=.165) was significantly influencing factors of functional disability and the explanatory power of these factors was 52.80 %. Conclusion : This study revealed important factors of functional disability. Therefore, we need to consider these factors when we developed program related to health for the elderly (aged > 65 years) in rural Korea. Further, we need to standardize WHODAS 2.0 in order to enhance its applicability in clinical practices.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2012

The concept of SIL is applied in the most of all standards relating to functional system safety. However there are problems for the people to apply SIL to their plants. as these standards don't include sufficient informations. In this regards, this paper will suggest the direction of SIL application and concept based on IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. A Safety Integrity Level(SIL) is the discrete level(one out of possible fours), corresponding to a range of the probability of an E/E/PE (Electric/Electrical/Programmable Electrical) safety-related system satisfactorily performing the specific safety functions under all the stated conditions within a stated period of time. SIL can be divided into the target SIL(or required SIL) and the result SIL. The target SIL is determined by the risk analysis at the analysis phase of safety lifecycle and the result SIL is calculated during SIL verification at the realization phase of safety lifecycle. The target SIL is determined by the risk analysis like LOPA(Layer Of Protection Analysis), Risk Graph, Risk Matrix and the result SIL is calculated by HFT(Hardware Fault Tolerance), SFF(Safe Failure Fraction) and PFDavg(average Probability of dangerous Failure on Demand). SIL is applied to various areas such as process safety, machinery(road vehicles, railway application, rotating equipment, etc), nuclear sector which functional safety is applied. The functional safety is the part of the overall safety relating to the EUC and the EUC control system that depends on the correct functioning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems and other risk reduction measures. SIL is applied only to the functional safety of SIS(Safety Instrumented System) in safety. EUC is the abbreviation of Equipment Under Control and is the equipment, machinery, apparatus or plant used for manufacturing, process, transportation, medical or other activities.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

It is important to find the effective position for cough and sputum clearance in respiratory physical therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), and peak cough flow (PCF) related to functional level and measurement position in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Twenty one subjects were classified into three functional levels, and measurements was undertaken in three different measurement positions (upright sitting, $45^{\circ}$ reclining and supine). Vitalograph PEF/FEV DIARY was used to measure PEF and $FEV_1$, and Ferraris Pocket Peak was used to measure PCF. Mixed two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used for statistical analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Significant main effects for measurement position were found. 2) PEF was the highest in upright sitting, followed by $45^{\circ}$ reclining, and supine in order. 3) $FEV_1$ in upright sitting and $45^{\circ}$ reclining were significantly greater compared with that in supine. 4) PCF in upright sitting and $45^{\circ}$ reclining were significantly greater compared with that in supine. 5) No significant main effects for functional level were found in PEF, $FEV_1$, and PCF. 6) No significant functional level by measurement position interactions were found in PEF, $FEV_1$, and PCF. Therefore, it is concluded that upright sitting and $45^{\circ}$ degree reclining positions are recommended for effective cough and sputum clearance.