• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of the research was to analyze foot pressure, foot temperature, and correlation between foot pressure and foot temperature to grasp impact on foot pressure and body temperature distribution chart depending on functional difference of leg length. Method : After measuring leg length, put 15 students whose functional difference of leg length was over 10mm to difference group and 15 students whose functional difference of leg length was under 5mm to normal group and categorize soles of foot into 6 sections of hallux head, 1st metatarsal head, 2-4 metatarsal head, 5 metatarsal head, lateral heel, and then measure by foot pressure analyzer to analyze characteristic of pressure distribution and classify into front of the lower leg, back of the lower leg, soles of foot and measure by body temperature analyzer to analyze by checking body temperature. Result : Weight difference depending on foot pressure and body temperature was bigger when functional difference of leg length was bigger, and it could be confirmed that foot pressure and body temperature of short leg side were higher than those of short leg side. Thus, if difference exists in leg length, weight load on short leg side increases which results in higher foot pressure and body temperature, therefore enabling an assumption that mechanical problem will occur in short leg. Conclusion : When functional leg length inequality, weight bearing and pressure was getting high as a result, temperature was getting high in short leg.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the above mentioned therapy on the reduction of functional leg length inequality, by the manipulation(Thonpson technique). In 8 patients who have been chronically ill with low back pain and functional leg length inequality, for past 12 weeks, we analyzed and observed the progress of symptom and sign on pelvis(femur head line level, ilium length, ilium rotation), using by X-ray. The results after 12 week treatment, compared with before treatment, were as follows : 1. The improved in femur head line in the manipulation after 12 week treatment was very significant(p<.01) 2. The improved in ilium length in the manipulation after 12 week treatment was very significant(p<.01) 3. The improved in ilium rotation in the manipulation after 12 week treatment was significant(p<.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the dynamic peak plantar pressure under the foot areas in those with a functional leg length inequality. Methods: The dynamic peak plantar pressure under the foot areas in an experimental group with a functional leg length inequality (n=20) and a control group (n=20) was assessed a using the Mat-Scan system (Tekscan, USA). The peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3-4th and 5th metatarsal head (MTH), mid foot, and heel was measured while the subject was walking on the Mat-Scan system. Results: The experimental group had significantly higher peak plantar pressure under all foot areas when the dynamic peak plantar pressure in the short leg and long leg sides was compared. The control group had a significantly higher peak plantar pressure under the 1st, 2nd, 3-4th, and 5th MTH when the dynamic peak plantar pressure in the short leg and long leg sides were compared. The experimental group showed a significantly larger difference in the dynamic peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3-4th and 5th MTH, mid foot and heel than the control group. Conclusion: A functional leg length inequality leads to an increase in the weight distribution and dynamic peak plantar pressure in the side of the short leg.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2004

Objectives : Visual check and X-ray are commonly used by chiropractors to estimate ieg length inequality, This study have three categories: diagnosis for anatomic leg length inequality; difference between anatomic and functional leg length inequality; theraphies for anatomic or functional leg length inequality. Methods : We referred to a PubMed site by using word of 'leg length [JU] J Manipulative Physiol Ther', only items with abstracts. Results : We searched 26 articles in J Manipulative Physiol Ther with the key word-Ieg length. Conclusion : 1. Radiographs were most accurate and commonly used by chiropractors to measure anatomic leg length inequality, clinically wood block, tape measure, visual check are acceptable. 2. There was no article about difference between anatomic and functional leg length inequality. 3. Heel lift was commonly used with conservative theraphy for anatomic leg length Inequality. 4. Chiropractors have not yet proved that the supposed positive effects are a result of a reduction of subluxation, The detection of the manipulative lesion in the sacroiliac joint depends on valid and reliable tests, Because such tests have not been established, the presence of the manipulative lesion remains hypothetical. Great effort is needed to develop, establish and enforce valid and reliable test procedures.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the demand for functional elements of sports climbing shirts. Questionnaire survey data were collected from adult (n=53) and adolescent (n=55) sports climbers. The questionnaire explored respondents' sports climbing activities and need for functional design features of sports climbing shirts. Their design preferences and purchasing value were also investigated. The results showed that respondents regarded ergonomic design and the use of intelligent material as important elements of expert-level sports climbing shirts. Compared to adolescent, adult respondents were more susceptive to functional design elements such as suitability for climbing motions and ease of dressing or undressing. Also, adult sports climbers were more likely than adolescents to prefer shirts that are tightly fit at the chest. Neither adults nor adolescents favored shirts design that is tightly fit at the neck or armpit. The regular shirts length not covering hips and sleeve length ending at the wrist were preferred. The collar stand should not hit the chin. Adult climbers preferred ergonomically designed sleeves on the back shoulder. Adults and adolescents had different preferences for the front neck zipper length. Adults preferred long front zipper length at chest. These findings suggest that sports climbing shirts should have functional features to prevent interference with climbing movements and improve convenience and stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.826-841
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• 1995

This study is concerned with the functional utility of movement in sleeve from an ergonomic viewpoint. Experiments were carried out which include 43 upper extremity segments, 21 motions and 35 female subjects. The major conclusions of the study are. 1. The expansion rate of upper extremity was higher in length than in circumference mesurements. The amounts of expansion were, especially high (more than 60mm) for inner arm length, axillary arm circumference, and outer arm length. Therefore, a lot of ease is necessary for these parts. On the other hand, armhole circumference, forearm circumference, and wrist circumference had low rates of expansion. The sleeve cap length was also contracted in all motions. 2. The expansion rate and the range of expansion and contraction were higher in the upper arm than in the forearm. The main points of expansion were the axillary and elbow parts. The segment of maximum expansi (rate of 44.8%) was Iii of axillary parts. As the body surface expands mainly in some segments, it is desirable to allow ease to the main segments of expansion. 3. In a basic sleeve, necessary ease was lacking in the measurements for outer arm length and axillary arm circumference, while it was too large in armhole circumference, forearm circumference, wrist circumference, and sleeve cap length. Therefore, a basic sleeve is inadequate as a functional sleeve for hard work in point of functional utility of movement. Wider application of these findings would lead to an improvement in the comfort of workers.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

Objectives : We studied the clinical utility of meridian electromyography for the assessment of erector spinae muscle in functional leg length inequality. Methods : We compared electrical activity between A group with a functional leg length inequality(n=17) and B group(n=23) in dynamic flexion-reextension state during five minutes. We anayzed amplitudes and areas of electrical activity and asymmetry index(AI). Results : 1. The short leg sides were significantly higher electrical activity than the long leg sides in the experimental group and control group(p<0.05). 2. The AI of A group significantly higher than B group(p<0.05). Conclusions : According to above results, there are correlations between erector spinae muscle and functional leg length inequality.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to understand the relationship between gait symmetry and functional balance, walking performance in stroke patients and to makes recommendation regarding the most suitable measure for standardization of expression of spatiotemporal gait symmetry. Methods: 45 subjects with stroke (31 men, 14 women, $57.3{\pm}10.3$ years old) participated in this study. Gait symmetry was calculated by equations of symmetry ratio (SR) and symmetry criterion (SC) for stance time, swing time, single leg support time (SLST), step length, and stride length. Spatiotemporal parameters were measured respectively by walkway system ($GAITRite^{TM}$ system). Limit of stability (LOS) by using forceplate (Balance Performance Monitor) during voluntary weight displacement and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were measured as functional balance and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) were assessed as functional walking. Results: SR in stance time and swing time was correlation with BBS, TUG and FAC (p<0.05). SR in SLST only with BBS (p<0.01), SR in step length only with FAC (p<0.05). SC in stance time was correlation with BBS and TUG (p<0.05). SC in swing time and SLST with BBS, TUG and FAC (p<0.01), SC in step length with TUG and FAC (p<0.01), SC in stride length with BBS and FAC (p<0.01). Conclusion: Gait symmetry in spatiotemporal gait parameters provides meaningful information about functional balance and walking performance in stroke subjects. Our analysis may support the recommendations of the symmetry criterion as equation for standardization of gait symmetry.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological characteristics of the osteoarthritis of the second metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint. Materials and Methods: Between January 2002 and August 2010, 27 patients (33 feet) who had second metatarsal osteoarthritis (OA) were reviewed retrospectively. Group 1 was 14 patients (17 feet) with second MTP joint OA. Group 2 was 13 patients (16 feet) with second TMT joint OA. Group 3 was 24 patients (25 feet) had hallux valgus without second metatarsal (MT) OA as control. Weight bearing foot anteroposterior (AP) and lateral view were checked, and measured hallux valgus angle, metatarsus adductus angle (MAA), second MT functional length, first and second MT length by Hardy & Clapham method on AP view, angle of second MT with horizontal plane, calcaneal pitch, talo-first MT on lateral view. Results: On weight bearing foot AP view, second MT functional length of group 1, 2, 3 was 2.4 mm, -0.1 mm, 0.7 mm and MAA of group 1, 2, 3 was $17.7^{\circ}$, $17.7^{\circ}$, $14.5^{\circ}$. Second MT functional length of group 1 was longer than control group and it was statistically significant. MAA was significant different between group 1-3 and group 2-3. Angle of second MT with horizontal plane of group 2 was smaller than control group and it was statistically significant. Other radiographic parameters have no statistical significance. Conclusion: Group 1 has long functional length of second MT and group 2 has small angle of second MT with horizontal plane.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.292-297
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of backward walking training with task orientation on the functional walking ability of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: This study was a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with a crossover design conducted at a single rehabilitation facility with cross-over to the other intervention arm following a two-week break. For a total of 12 children with spastic hemiplegia cerebral palsy, the forward walking training group (n=6) underwent training three times a week for three weeks, 40 minutes a day, and the backward walking training group (n=6) was also trained under the same conditions. To identify the functional walking ability, variables, such as the walking speed, stride length, and step length, were measured using a walk analyzer (OptoGait, Microgate S.r.l, Italy). Results: Both groups showed significant increases in walking speed, stride length, and step length (p<0.01). The backward walking group showed more significant improvement in the walking speed from pre- to post-test (p<0.05). The gait characteristics were similar in the two groups (stride length and step length) but the walking speed in the backward walking group showed a mean difference between the positive effects higher than the forward walking group. Conclusion: Task-oriented backward walking training, which was conducted on the ground, may be a more effective treatment approach for improving the walking functions of spastic hemiplegia children than forward walk training.