• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2019

Superabsorbent hydrogel (SAH) is a lightly crosslinked hydrophilic functional polymer material comprising a flexible chain structure, which can absorb and retain high amounts of water or aqueous fluids even under high pressure. Therefore, it is important to improve their characteristics such as absorption performance, residual monomer content, and water permeability. SAH nanocomposites were prepared using clay mineral as an inorganic filler and the influence of post-treatment processes such as quenching and aging process on their properties was studied. In addition, surface-crosslinking process was applied to improve the absorption performance associated with mechanical properties and water permeability. The structure of the SAH was characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 고무제품의 수치 안정성과 성능유지에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 중요한 특성 중 하나인 온도변화에 따른 고무재료의 경도변화를 고찰하였다. 새롭게 제작된 Inter-national Rubber Hardness Degree(IRHD, Normal type) 경도측정 시험기를 사용하여 미충전된 NR과 SBR 시편의 여러 온도에서 경도변화를 측정하였으며 Young's modulus 값과 비교하였다. NR과 SBR 모두 유리전이온도 근처에서 경도와 Young's modulus의 급격한 변화를 보였다. 온도가 증가함에 따라 경도와 Young's modulus 값이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 이는 분자의 운동성과 엔트로피 영향으로 해석할 수 있다. 카본블랙과 실리카가 충전된 NR과 SBR의 경우 충전제의 함량이 증가함에 따라 경도에 미치는 온도의 영향이 감소함을 관찰하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.470-477
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• 2013

가공이 쉬우면서도 성능이 우수한 염료 감응 태양 전지(DSSC)용 상대 전극을 제조하기 위하여 다중벽 탄소 나노튜브(MWCNT) 기반의 고충전 나노복합 페이스트를 제조하고, MWCNT의 분산 제어가 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하여 보았다. MWCNT의 분산성을 향상시키기 위하여 폴리스티렌 기반의 기능성 블록 공중합체를 리빙 라디칼 중합법으로 합성하여 MWCNT의 표면 개질제로 사용하였으며, 적절한 용매 조건의 선택을 통하여 고충전 나노복합 페이스트의 가공성이 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. MWCNT의 분산 제어를 통해 이를 상대 전극으로 도입한 DSSC의 광전 변환 효율이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 볼밀법을 이용한 MWCNT의 물리적 분산을 통해서도 검증할 수 있었다. 미량의 platinum(Pt) 나노입자와 복합화시킬 경우, 표준 Pt 상대 전극보다도 더 우수한 성능을 가지는 MWCNT 기반 상대 전극을 제조할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.470-477
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• 2018

With a highly functional methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) matrix and filler materials of $B_4C$, PbO, and benzophenone (BP) and through powder surface modification, silicone rubber mixing, and vulcanized molding, a flexible radiation shielding and resistant composite was prepared in the study. The dispersion property of the powder in the matrix filler was improved by powder surface modification. BP was added into the matrix to enhance the radiation resistance performance of the composites. After irradiation, the tensile strength, elongation, and tear strength of the composites decreased, while the Shore hardness of the composites and the crosslinking density of the VMQ matrix increased. Moreover, the composites with BP showed better mechanical properties and smaller crosslinking density than those without BP after irradiation. The initial degradation temperatures of the composites containing BP before and after irradiation were $323.6^{\circ}C$ and $335.3^{\circ}C$, respectively. The transmission of neutrons for a 2-mm thick sample was only 0.12 for an Am-Be neutron source. The transmission of ${\gamma}$-rays with energies of 0.662, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV for 2-cm thick samples were 0.7, 0.782, and 0.795, respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.3051-3057
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• 2021

The concrete is considered as an important radiation shielding material employed widely in nuclear reactors, particle accelerators, laboratory hot cells and other different radiation sources. The present research is dedicated to the shielding properties study of the ordinary concrete reinforced with different weight fractions of lead oxide micro/nano particles. Lead oxide particles were fabricated by chemical synthesis method and their properties including the average size, morphological structure, functional groups and thermal properties were characterized by XRD, FESEM-EDS, FTIR and TGA analysis. The gamma ray mass attenuation coefficient of concrete composites has been calculated and measured by means of the Monte Carlo simulation and experimental methods. The simulation process was based on the use of MCNP Monte Carlo code where the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) has been calculated as a function of different particle sizes and filler weight fractions. The simulation results showed that the employment of the lead oxide filler particles enhances the mass attenuation coefficient of the ordinary concrete, drastically. On the other hand, there are approximately no differences between micro and nano sized particles. The mass attenuation coefficient was increased by increasing the weight fraction of nanoparticles. However, a semi-saturation effect was observed at concentrations more than 10 wt%. The experimental process was based on the fabrication of concrete slabs filled by different weight fractions of nano lead oxide particles. The mass attenuation coefficients of these slabs were determined at different gamma ray energies using ²²Na, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co sources and NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. The experimental results showed that the HVL parameter of the ordinary concrete reinforced with 5 wt% of nano PbO particles was reduced by 64% at 511 keV and 48% at 1332 keV. Reasonable agreement was obtained between simulation and experimental results and showed that the employment of nano PbO particles is more efficient at low gamma energies up to 1Mev. The proposed concrete is less toxic and could be prepared in block form instead of toxic lead blocks.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2007

The mechanical properties of wood flour, Hwangto (325 and 1,400 mesh per 25,4 mm) and coupling agent-reinforced HDPE composites were investigated in this study. Hwangto and maleated polyethylene (MAPE) were used as an inorganic filler and a coupling agent, respectively. The addition of Hwangto and MAPE to virgin HDPE also increased the Young's modulus in the smaller degree. The addition of wood flour and Hwangto to virgin HDPE increased the tensile strength, due to the high uniform dispersion of HDPE by high surface area of Hwangto in HDPE and wood flour. MAPE also significantly increased the tensile strength. When wood flour was added, there was no notable difference on the tensile properties, in terms of Hwangto particle size. Hwangto also improved the flexural modulus and strength of reinforced HDPE composites. With different particle sizes of Hwangto, there was no considerable difference in flexural modulus and strength of reinforced HDPE composites. The addition of Hwangto showed slightly lower impact strength than that of wood flour. However, the particle size of Hwangto showed no significant effect on the impact strength of reinforced composites. In conclusion, reinforced HDPE composites with organic and inorganic fillers provide highly improved mechanical properties over virgin HDPE.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2003

각기 다른 온도에서 불소화 표면처리에 의한 실리카의 표면특성을 X-선 광전 분광법 그리고 접촉각을 통해 관찰하였으며, 복합재료의 기계적 계면물성과 열안정성에 미치는 영향은 인열 에너지와 분해 활성화 에너지를 통해 고찰하였다. 실리카 표면 자유 에너지의 London 비극성 요소와 불소작용기는 불소화 처리 온도에 따라 증가하였으며, 결과적으로 실리카/폴리우레탄 복합재료의 인열 에너지를 향상시켰다. 또한 복합재료의 열안정성은 불소화 함량에 따라 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 실리카 표면에 도입된 불소작용기가 본 실험의 복합재료 시스템 내에서 실리카와 폴리우레탄 계면 사이의 분자간 상호작용을 향상시키는 주요한 인자로 작용한 것으로 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2003

The objectiveness of this study was to evaluate whether low-viscosity composite can bond effectively to dentin surface without bonding resin. The low-viscosity composites being 50wt% filler content were made by the inclusion of bonding resin of two self-etching systems(Cleafil SE Bond, Unifil Bond) varied with contents as 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50wt%. Exposed dentin surfaces of extracted 3rd molars are used. Dentin bond strengths were measured. The tests were carried out with a micro-shear device placed testing machine at a CHS of 1mm/min after a low-viscosity composite was filled into an iris cut from micro tygon tubing with internal diameter approximately 0.8mm and height of 1.0mm. 1 Flexural strength and modulus was increased with the addition of bonding resin. 2. Micro-shear bond strength to dentin was improved according to content of bonding resin irrespective of applying or not bonding resin in bonding procedure, and that of Clearfil SE Bond groups was higher than Unifil Bond. 3. There were no significant difference whether use of each bonding resin in bonding procedure for S-40, S-50, U-50(p＞0.05). 4. In SEM examination, resin was well infiltrated into dentin after primed with self-etching primer only for S-50 and U-50 in spite of the formation of thinner hybrid layer. Low viscosity composite including some functional monomer may be used as dentin bonding resin without an intermediary bonding agent. It makes a simplified bonding procedure and foresees the possibility of self-adhesive restorative material.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.445-451
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 실리카의 표면처리를 위해 실란 커플링제인, ${\gamma}$-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane (MPS), ${\gamma}$-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane (GPS), and ${\gamma}$-mercapto propyl trimethoxy silane (MCPS) 등을 사용하여 실리카 흡착특성과 기계적 계면물성에 대하여 고착하였다. 실란처리에 따른 실리카의 평형 확산압력, 표면 자유에너지, 비표면적을 BET법을 이용한 $N_2$/77 K 기체 흡착을 통하여 알아보았다. 본 실험결과 신란처리에 의해 실리카 표면에 도입된 비극성 관능기로 인해 실리카의 비표면적, 평형 확산압력, 표면 자유에너지의 비극성 요소가 증가하였으며 결과적으로 실리카/고무 복합재료의 기계적 계면 물성인 tearing energy ($G_{mc}$)가 향상되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 MPS로 표면처리한 경우가 GPS, MCPS에 비해서 우수한 기계적 계면물성을 나타남을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2003

본 연구에서는, 오존 처리에 의한 카본블랙의 표면특성을 X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS)와 접촉각을 통하여 알아보았으며, 카본블랙/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) 복합재료의 기계적 물성은 가교밀도와 인열 에너지 ($G_{IIIC}$)를 측정하여 관찰하였다. 본 실험결과, 오존 처리에 의해 카본블랙 표면에 도입된 산소를 함유한 관능기가 카본블랙의 표면자유에너지를 증가시켰으며, 결과적으로 고무 복합재료의 가교밀도와 인열 에너지가 향상되었다. 이러한 결과는 오존처리에 의해 카본블랙 표면에 도입된 산소를 함유한 관능기가 카본블랙과 고무사이의 계면 결합력을 증가시켜 고무 복합재료의 기계적 물성을 향상시킨 것을 확인할 수 있었다.