• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2024

Purpose: The updated ROME IV criteria for functional constipation (FC) in children were published in 2016. However, information on the use of these criteria is scarce. This study aimed to report the frequency of the use of the ROME IV criteria by Indonesian pediatricians and general practitioners (GPs) in FC management in infants and toddlers. Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional online survey was conducted between November 2021 and March 2022. Results: A total of 248 respondents (183 pediatricians and 65 GPs) from 24 Indonesian provinces completed the survey. Most respondents reported an estimated prevalence of FC to be less than 5% both in infants and toddlers. On average, only 64.6% of respondents frequently used the ROME IV criteria. Pediatricians used the ROME IV criteria more often than GPs did (p<0.001). The most frequently used criteria were painful or hard bowel movements (75.0%) and ≤2 defecations/week (71.4%). Lactulose as a laxative was the preferred treatment choice, followed by changing the standard formula to a specific nutritional formula. Most of the respondents carried out parenteral reassurance and education. Normal growth, as a marker of good digestion and absorption function, and normal stool consistency and frequency were the most reported indicators of gut health. Conclusion: The ROME IV criteria for functional constipation are not extensively used by pediatricians and GPs in Indonesia. Laxatives and specific nutritional formulas were the most used management approaches in infants and toddlers. Medical education, especially for general practitioners, should be updated.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권sup1호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2009

Functional gastrointestinal disorders are among the most common medical problems in children. Abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders can be categorized as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal migraine and childhood functional abdominal pain according to the Rome III criteria for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this paper was to examine the evidence supporting the use of the range of therapeutic options available for functional gastrointestinal disorders.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.376-386
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• 2022

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are classified as a combination of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms. The Rome IV criteria can elucidate several factors in the pathogenesis of FGIDs. The frequency of FGIDs can differ between clinical and nonclinical settings and between geographic regions. To determine the global prevalence of FGIDs in neonates and toddlers according to the Rome IV criteria. We included cohort and descriptive observational studies reporting the prevalence of FGIDs according to the Rome IV criteria in children aged 0-48 months. We searched the Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and CENTRAL databases from May 2016 to the present day. Furthermore, unpublished literature was searched to supplement this information. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement was used to evaluate the risk of bias. A meta-analysis of the proportions was performed using MetaProp in R. The results are reported in forest plots. We identified and analyzed 15 studies comprising 48,325 participants. Six studies were conducted in Europe, three in Latin America, two in North America, and four in Asia. Most participants were 12-48 months old (61.0%) and were recruited from the community. The global prevalence of FGIDs was 22.0% (95% confidence interval, 15-31%). The most common disorder was functional constipation (9.0%), followed by infant regurgitation syndrome (8.0%). Its prevalence was higher in the Americas (28.0%). FGIDs, as defined by the Rome IV criteria, are present in 22% of children, and the most common primary disorder is functional constipation. A higher prevalence of FGIDs has been reported in America.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.116-131
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• 2022

This study used text mining to analyze big data to understand consumers' demand for and perceptions of fashion masks. Based on the text-mining analysis results, a survey was conducted with those living in Korea to investigate the influence of consumers' mask selection criteria on mask brand awareness and purchase intention for fashion masks. "Fashion mask" and "functional mask" were used as the keywords in a text-mining analysis, and an online survey of 242 respondents was conducted. The analysis results were as follows: First, the text-mining analysis extracted commonly appearing words that had a high frequency and TF-IDF, such as "COVID-19," "fashion," "celebrity," "antibacterial," and "filter." This confirmed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers have demanded masks that are both functional and fashionable. Second, among consumers' mask selection criteria, trend and design had positive effects on face-mask brand awareness. Third, face-mask brand awareness had a positive effect on the purchase intention for both brand and fashion masks, and the purchase intention for brand masks had a positive effect on the purchase intention for fashion masks.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2003

보안정책모델은 평가대상제품(Target of Evaluation, TOE)의 보안정책을 비정형적, 준정형적, 또는 정형적 방법을 사용하여 구조적으로 표현하는 한 것이다. 보안정책모델은 보안기능요구사항과 기능명세간의 일관성 및 완전성을 제공함으로써 평가대상제품이 요구사항과 기능명세간 불명확성으로 인한 보안결점을 최소화할 수 있도록 보증성을 보장한다. 이러한 이유로 ISO/IEC 15408(공통평가기준. CC) 등 IT 제품 및 시스템의 보안성 평가기준의 고등급 평가에서 보안정책모델을 요구하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 보안정책모델의 개념과 관련 연구 및 공통평가기준의 보안정책모델 보증요구사항을 분석하여 보안정책모델 평가방법을 제시한다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 IAEA, OECD/NEA, ICRP등과 같은 국제기구에서 제안하는 권고기준과 고준위폐기물 처분사업을 계획하고 있는 국가의 관련기준을 비교 분석하여 현재 우리가 추구하고 있는 '고준위폐기물 기준 처분개념 설정'을 위한 안전 및 기술기준으로 도출하였다. 이 기준은 처분 안전성을 위한 일반 원칙과 기준 그리고 처분시스템의 성능요건 등으로 구분하여 작성하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 기준들은 향후 예상되는 국가적인 기준이나 규제사항 개발에 좋은 참고자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이들은 향후 국내의 심부 지질환경에 대한 특성조사 및 안전성 분석 등을 통하여 얻어지는 자료를 근거로 계속 수정될 것이다. 고준위폐기물 처분시스템의 개발 경험이 없는 우리 실정에서는 외국의 처분시스템 개발과 인허가 및 기술적 요건들의 변화과정과 원인 등을 주시하면서 우리 환경에 맞는 독자적 기술기준을 개발해 나가는 자세가 지속되어야 할 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.116-132
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• 1999

This study is intended to analyze the requirements of a buffer material that is one of the major components of the engineered barriers in a high-level radioactive waste repository. The characteristics of potential materials for the buffer in the repository were analyzed and a candidate material was selected. And, based on the current knowledge and the information from various sources, the requirements of a buffer material were evaluated. Finally its quantitative functional criteria on the generic viewpoint has been recommended to be supplied as a guideline for the development of the reference disposal concept and the related buffer material in Korea. The criteria are composed of seven major items, such as hydraulic conductivity, retardation capacity, swelling potential and swelling pressure, thermal conductivity, longevity, organic matter content, and mechanical properties.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권11호
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• pp.2119-2130
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• 2011

This paper proposes new delay-dependent robust stability criteria for neural networks with time-varying delays. By construction of a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii's (L-K) functional and use of Finsler's lemma, new stability criteria for the networks are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be easily solved by various effective optimization algorithms. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2024

Objective: Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, often leaving survivors with significant cognitive and motor impairments. Dual-task (DT), which involves performing cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously, can influence brain activation patterns and functional recovery in stroke patients. Design: A systematic review Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies assessing cortical activation via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during DT performance in stroke patients. Studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria, focusing on changes in hemodynamic responses and their correlation with task performance. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that DT leads to increased activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), premotor cortex (PMC), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), suggesting an integrated cortical response to managing concurrent cognitive and motor demands. However, increased activation did not consistently translate to improved functional outcomes, highlighting the complex relationship between brain activation and rehabilitation success. Conclusions: DT interventions may enhance cortical activation and neuroplasticity in post-stroke patients, but the relationship between increased brain activity and functional recovery remains complex and requires further investigation. Tailored DT programs that consider individual neurophysiological and functional capacities are recommended to optimize rehabilitation outcomes.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2002

Re purposes of this study were to determine consumers' selection criteria of fashion shopping area and to examine the effects of clothing consumption value and fashion leadership on the selection criteria of fashion shopping area. In addition, the third purpose was to clarify the relation beかeon the above variables and shopping intent. The data were collected from 198 females in their twenties using questionnaire. The results could be summarized as follows. First, the selection criteria of fashion shopping area were composed of 5 factors: scale & variety of shopping area, convenience of location, entertainment, physical service, and atmosphere. Second, the fashion leadership and clothing consumption value except functional and social values had an effect on the selection criteria fashion shopping area. Particularly, the attractiveness-sought value best explained the selection criteria. Third, the fashion leadership and selection criteria fashion shopping area had an effect on the shopping intent. The effect clothing consumption value was not significant.