• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2008

Although the arthritis symptoms observed in the K/BxN model have been shown to be dependent on the functions of T and B cells specific to the self antigen glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, less is known about the in vivo roles of $CD4^{+}CD25^{+}$ regulatory T($T_{reg}$) cells in the pathology of K/BxN mice. We determined the quantitative and functional characteristics of the $T_{reg}$ cells in K/BxN mice. These mice contained a higher percentage of $Foxp3^+\;T_{reg}$ cells among the $CD4^+$ T cells than their BxN littermates. These $T_{reg}$ cells were anergic and efficiently suppressed the proliferation of $na\ddot{i}ve$ $CD4^+$ T cells and cytokine production by effector $CD4^+$ T cells in vitro. Antibody-mediated depletion of $CD25^+$ cells caused K/BxN mice to develop multi-organ inflammation and autoantibody production, while the symptoms of arthritis were not affected. These results demonstrate that despite the inability of the $T_{reg}$ cells to suppress arthritis development, they play a critical role protecting the arthritic mice from systemic expansion of autoimmunity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.124-134
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• 2018

Purpose: Clinicians must examine tooth wear to make a proper diagnosis. However, qualitative methosds of measuring tooth wear have many disadvantages. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate quantitative parameters using the cusp area and volume of virtual dental models. Methods: The subjects of this study were the same virtual models that were used in our former study. The same age group classification and new tooth wear index (NTWI) scoring system were also reused. A virtual occlusal plane was generated with the highest cusp points and lowered vertically from 0.2 to 0.8 mm to create offset planes. The area and volume of each cusp was then measured and added together. In addition to the former analysis, the differential features of each cusp were analyzed. Results: The scores of the new parameters differentiated the age and NTWI groups better than those analyzed in the former study. The Spearman ${\rho}$ coefficients between the total area and the area of each cusp also showed higher scores at the levels of 0.6 mm (0.6A) and 0.8A. The mesiolingual cusp (MLC) showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.01) from the other cusps in the paired t-test. Additionally, the MLC exhibited the highest percentage of change at 0.6A in some age and NTWI groups. Regarding the age groups, the MLC showed the highest score in groups 1 and 2. For the NTWI groups, the MLC was not significantly different in groups 3 and 4. These results support the proposal that the lingual cusp exhibits rapid wear because it serves as a functional cusp. Conclusions: Although this study has limitations due to its cross-sectional nature, it suggests better quantitative parameters and analytical tools for the characteristics of cusp wear.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.531-537
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• 2019

Education using Virtual Reality(VR) has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years because it does not require expensive equipments and a large space in the field, and it enables effective education at a relatively low cost. The basic medical science curriculum(functional anatomy) is very important in the health sciences, but the students have many difficulties in understanding. The purpose of this study is to apply VR to basic medical science curriculum and to understand students' perception. The students were asked to directly experience the anatomy virtual reality program(3D Organon®) and to investigate the differences from other learning materials, such as understanding, concentration and interest. Overall, learning using VR showed high significance than other learning materials such as textbooks, models, and 3D application. Therefore, this study suggests the use of virtual reality in medical subjects such as anatomy classes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Cognitive reserve (CR) is a concept that can explain the discrepancies between the pathologic burden of the disease and clinical manifestations. It refers to the individual susceptibility to age-related brain changes and pathologies related to Alzheimer's disease, thus recognized as a factor affecting the trajectories of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the current states of clinical studies on neural substrates of CR in Alzheimer's disease using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We searched for clinical studies on CR using fMRI in the Pubmed, Cochrane library, RISS, KISS and ScienceON on August 14, 2023. Once the online search was finished, studies were selected manually by the inclusion criteria. Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of selected articles and reviewed the neural substrates of CR. Total thirty-four studies were included in this study. As surrogate markers of CR, not only education and occupational complexity, but also composite score and questionnaire-based method, which cover various areas of life, were mainly used. The most utilized methods in resting-state fMRI were independent component analysis, seed-based analysis, and graph theory analysis. Through the analysis, we demonstrated that neuroimaging techniques could capture the neural substrates associated with cognitive reserve. Moreover, functional connectivity of brain regions centered on prefrontal and parietal cortex and network areas such as default mode network showed a significant correlation with CR, which indicated a significant association with cognitive performance. CR may induce differential effects according to the disease status. We hope that this perspective on cognitive reserve would be helpful when conducting clinical researches on the mechanisms of traditional Korean medicine for Alzheimer's disease in the future.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.159-162
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• 2013

Galectin-3 is a ${\beta}$-galactoside-binding lectin that plays a role in neuroinflammation through cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. In the present study, regulation of galectin-3 was examined in the brain of mice infected with the Daniel strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) at days 7 and 81 post-infection by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry revealed that galectin-3 was mainly localized in ionized calcium-binding adapter 1-positive macrophages/activated microglia, but not in Iba-1-positive ramified microglia. Galectin-3 was also weakly detected in some astrocytes in the same encephalitic lesions, but not in neurons and oligodendrocytes. Collectively, the present findings suggest that galectin-3, mainly produced by activated microglia/macrophages, may be involved in the pathogenesis of virus induced acute inflammation in the early stage as well as the chronic demyelinating lesions in Daniel strain of TMEV induced demyelination model.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-83
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• 2002

We are made a comparison between 12 meridian tendino-musculature and myofascial/locomotor anatomy in which the bodywide connections among the muscles within the fascial net. We consider that these unique 'whole systems' view is of vital importance to understanding the role of fascial in normal movement and postural distortion and to application of manual and movement therapy.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1990 no.11
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• pp.80-81
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• 1990

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.255-256
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• 1973

Twenty three year old soldier, was referred to me because of extreme mandibular prognathism. Eight years before, the patient had become aware of some protrusion of his mandible. Up until this time, his jaws seemed to have been developing normally. The oblique osteotomy of the mandible was performed. Risdon cable wiring was used in the upper and lower jaw in order to immobilize the mandible by intermaxillary wiring. The patient recovered from the operation, and was discharged from the 1st Army Hospital after 6 months with good functional mandibular relationship. The appearance of the patient was greatly improved.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.160.2-160
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.231-239
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• 2004

Cerebral microvessel endothelial cells that form blood-brain barrier (BBB) have tight junction for maintaining brain homeostasis. Occludin, one of tight junction protein, is crucial for BBB function. $H_2O_2$ induced occludin changes and effects in bovine brain BBB endothelial cells were examined in this study. The decrease of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) by $H_2O_2$ was due to disruption of occludin localization. Cytotoxicity test revealed that $H_2O_2$ did not cause cell death below 1 mM $H_2O_2$ within 4 hr. $H_2O_2$ caused intermittent disruption and loss of occludin at tight junctions and occludin disappeared with dose dependent manner from tight junction in confocal laser microscopy. But Western blot revealed that the total amounts of occludin increased by $H_2O_2$ administration. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ultrastructure of tight junction was not changed by $H_2O_2$. These data suggest that functional disruption of BBB by $H_2O_2$ was due to the localized loss of occludin in tight junction, but the expression of occludin increased in order to compensate the disrupted function in BBB.