• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.191-207
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a motivational interviewing pulmonary rehabilitation program based on self-determination theory to maintain pulmonary rehabilitation-related health behaviors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The program was developed by reviewing the literature on pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines, drawing on the self-determinism theory to establish its contents, recruiting experts to test its validity, and conducting a preliminary survey. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to confirm the effect of the program. The participants were outpatients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at three general hospitals in Busan. There were 33 subjects: 15 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group. The experimental group performed a motivational interviewing pulmonary rehabilitation program which comprised 11 sessions delivered over 10 weeks. The outcomes were measured using basic psychological needs, dyspnea, 6-minute walking distance, and functional status. Intervention effects were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in competence among the subdomains of basic psychological needs, dyspnea during exercise, and functional status. Conclusion: The developed program affects physical conditions and can be applied as an effective clinical nursing intervention to continuously improve the pulmonary rehabilitation behavior of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1998

Hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is one of the safety analysis method that is used in the chemical complex, because it can systematically identify causes and consequences of all the deviation that could occur. Since this method needs to hire specialized experts, it is costly and time-consuming. Therefore HAZOP Expert System has been developed to automate this analysis. This approach introduced object-oriented method and knowledge representation which is hierarchical tree of units to supply flexibility in the system, functional semantic network, propagation equation and rule-chaining method to set up the expert system for automating HAZOP analysis.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.561-575
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• 2023

Brain network analysis has attracted the interest of neuroscience researchers in studying brain diseases. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is especially proper for analyzing functional connectivity due to high temporal and spatial resolution. The application of graph theory for functional connectivity analysis has been studied widely, but research on network modeling for MEG still needs more. Temporal exponential random graph model (TERGM) considers temporal dependencies of networks. We performed the brain network analysis, including static/temporal network statistics, on two groups of epilepsy patients who removed the left (LT) or right (RT) part of the brain and healthy controls. We investigate network differences using Multiset canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) and TERGM between epilepsy patients and healthy controls (HC). The brain network of healthy controls had fewer temporal changes than patient groups. As a result of TERGM, on the simulation networks, LT and RT had less stable state than HC in the network connectivity structure. HC had a stable state of the brain network.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.273-294
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• 2023

Background: Most developed countries are working to improve their universal health coverage systems. This study investigates regional disparities in unmet healthcare needs and their causes in South Korea. Additionally, it compares the unmet healthcare needs rate in South Korea with that of 33 European countries. Methods: The analysis incorporates information from 13,359 adults aged 19 or older, using data from the Korea Health Panel. The dependent variables encompass the experience of unmet healthcare needs and the three causes of occurrence: "burden of medical expenses," "time constraints," and "lack of care." The primary variable of interest is the region of residence, while control variables encompass 14 socio-demographic, health, and functional characteristics. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, accounting for the sampling design, is conducted. Results: The rate of unmet healthcare needs in Korea is 11.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0%-13.3%), which is approximately 30 times higher than that of Austria (0.4%). The causes of unmet healthcare needs, ranked in descending order, are "lack of care," "time constraints," and "burden of medical expenses." Predictive probabilities for experiencing unmet healthcare needs and each cause differ significantly between regions. For instance, the probability of experiencing unmet healthcare needs due to "lack of care" is approximately 10 times higher in Gangwon-do (13.5%; 95% CI, 13.0%-14.1%) than in Busan (1.3%; 95% CI, 1.3%-1.4%). The probability due to "burden of medical expenses" is approximately 14 times higher in Seoul (4.1%; 95% CI, 3.6%-4.6%) compared to Jeollanam-do (0.3%; 95% CI, 0.2%-0.4%). Conclusion: Amid rapid sociodemographic transitions, South Korea must make significant efforts to alleviate unmet healthcare needs and the associated regional disparities. To effectively achieve this, it is recommended that South Korea involves the National Assembly in healthcare policy-making, while maintaining a centralized financing model and delegating healthcare planning and implementation to regional authorities for their local residents-similar to the approaches of the United Kingdom and France.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2013

According to ISO 26262 (the international standard on functional safety for automotive industry), the functional safety should be considered during the whole automotive systems life cycle from the design phase throughout the production phase. In order to satisfy the standard, the automotive and related industry needs to take appropriate actions while carrying out a variety of development activities. This paper presents an approach to coping with the standard. Analyzing the standard indicates that the safety issues of the automotive systems should be handled with a system's view whereas the conventional approach to solving the issues has been practiced with focus on the component's level. The aforementioned system's view implies that the functional safety shall be incorporated in the system design from both the system's life-cycle view and the hierarchical view for the structure. In light of this, the systems engineering framework can be quite appropriate in the functional safety development and thus has been taken in this paper as a problem solving approach. Of various design issues, the analysis and verification of the safety requirements for functional safety is a key study subject of the paper. Note, in particular, that the conventional FMEA (failure mode effects analysis) and FTA (fault tree analysis) methods seem to be partly relying on the insufficient experience and knowledge of the engineers. To improve this, a systematic method is studied here and the result is applied in the design of an ABS braking system as a case study.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.353-360
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• 2019

Technology-driven development of a new system makes it difficult for users and stakeholders to identify or intervene in the development process, resulting in systems with unnecessary functions and poor quality services. Applying the software architecture design process to the initial design of the navigation system platform of autonomous ships enables the development of a system that reflects the required functions and service quality of the stakeholders. The design, which includes all of the subsystems that make up an autonomous ship platform, is close to an enterprise architecture. Thus, we strived to design a navigation system platform suitable for the design range of the software architecture. This study analyzed the definition of functional requirements, and quality attributes by applying the software architecture design procedure. This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of the navigation system and platform needs, and the stakeholders were identified. To derive the functional requirements and constraints of the platform, a quality attributes workshop was held engaging stakeholders, and the results of the analysis of functional requirements and quality attributes were listed. Based on the results of this study, the architect can establish the evidence and technical solutions that are integral for the architecture development, and will facilitate the creation of quality attribute scenarios.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.240-247
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• 2012

Healing Environment is to cure the user as a whole by considering his social, psychological aspect, beyond the functional aspect of treatment. Various design elements of healing space have been developed so far, but they were mostly described with same rank. Even though every element is significant, facilities such as nursing homes tends to run with low budget, and they can't fulfill them all at the same time. It is important to find the sequence between design elements. The purpose of this study is to reorganize the design principles of healing environment by Maslow's hierarchy of needs(Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love/Affilitation needs, Self-Esteem needs and Self-Actualization needs), and analyze elderly nursing homes and examine the framework itself by application. Research method was consist of literature review on healing space design elements and hierarchy of needs, reconstruction of design elements with hierarchy, and application on 5 Korean nursing home cases. As the result, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and design elements were linked with good balance. Analysis of 5 nursing homes revealed that lower needs were short of environmental support compared to higher needs. Especially design elements related to Physiological needs should be improved. Also, new framework had strength in not only providing gasps on current situation in detail, but also suggesting elements for improvement with hierarchy and sequence. Through this research healing environment design elements and human needs were linked. Nursing home is the last environment for the elderly, which should help to heal their body and mind and also support them to accomplish self-actualization.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.380-391
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• 1998

This study was conducted to develop a theoretical model for the determinants of activities of daily living in Korean rural elderly people. The theoretical model was derived from Lawton's Ecological Model to explain human behavior. The model includes determinant variables for functional status such as age, sex, physical status, cognitive status, physical environment, social environment, and depression. Data for this study was collected from 189 elderly people in a rural district near Chonju City. The data was analyzed with SPSS PC/sup +/4.1 and LISREL 8. The analysis of the data showed that the first proposed theoretical model did not fit the collected data well. In order to increase the fit of the model to the data, the model was modified by deleting the exogenous variables of sex, physical environment, and social environment. The fit of the modified model to the data was increased and was move suitable. The results of this study show that the determinants of the activities of Korean rural elderly people were age, perceived physical condition, cognitive status, and depressional status. Age has a significant direct and indirect effect on the activities of daily living of rural elderly people. Perceived physical condition has a significant indirect effect through depression on activities of daily living. Cognitive status also has a significant indirect effect through depression on functional status. Depression has a significant direct effect on the functional status. Physical environment and social environment showed reversal relationships to functional status. In conclusion, the results of this study show that personal characteristic factors are more important than environmental characteristic factors for functional status of elderly people. However, the importance of depression to functional status in Korean rural elderly people and the reverse relationship between social environment and functional status, reflect Korean specificity. Korean nursing needs to focus more on this Korean specificity in order to develop nursing knowledge and practice appropriate to Korean people.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the unmet healthcare needs of older people with chronic diseases in Korea and provide a basic research report to strengthen their access to medical care. Methods: In the 2020 older people survey data, 8,182 older people aged 65 or older who were diagnosed with one or more chronic diseases were the final subjects of the study. According to Andersen's behavioral model used in unmet healthcare needs, independent variables were composed of predisposing factors, possible factors, and necessary factors, and whether or not unmet healthcare needs was set as dependent variable. Results: Of the older people with chronic diseases, 1.6% experienced unmet healthcare needs, of which 55.9% experienced unmet healthcare needs for reasons related to economic burden, 31.6% physical constraints, and 12.5% time constraints. As a result of the analysis, older people with chronic diseases were more likely to experience unmet healthcare needs if they were relatively low in age, low in education level, no spouse, low in household income, poor subjective health, complex chronic diseases, and functional restrictions. However, by major reasons for experiencing unmet healthcare needs, living in rural areas were more likely to experience unmet healthcare needs due to physical constraints, and those who participated in economic activities and who had were more likely to experience unmet healthcare needs due to time burden. These results were not derived when only unmet healthcare needs was set as the dependent variable. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for an approach by cause of unmet medical occurrence by suggesting that there are differences in influencing factors by reason for experiencing unmet healthcare needs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.60-69
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was done to identify health and functional status of rural elders, to identify the use of health and medical treatment and welfare services in order to present directions for improving use of health and welfare services by rural elders. Methods: The participants in the study were 170 elders over 65 years of age who live in the one of the 6 villages served by the Young Am Community Health Post. The elders were visited at home and interviewed the elders using the RAI tool. Descriptive statistics including frequency and range were used to analyze the data. Results: Limitations in physical function, finances and medical treatment service were identified. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate a need to develop good quality service which is affordable and convenient.