• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.392-403
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• 2023

This study presents a new hybrid fNIRS-EEG system to meet the demand for a lightweight and low-cost sleep pattern monitoring device. For multiple-channel configuration, a six-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) and a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system with eight photodiodes (PD) and four dual-wavelength LEDs are designed. To enhance the convenience of signal measurement, the device is miniaturized into a patch-like form, enabling simultaneous measurement on the forehead. Due to its fully integrated functionality, the developed system is advantageous for performing sleep stage classification with high-temporal and spatial resolution data. This can be realized by utilizing a two-dimensional (2D) brain activation map based on the concentration changes in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin during sleep stage transitions. For the system verification, the phantom model with known optical properties was tested at first, and then the sleep experiment for a human subject was conducted. The experimental results show that the developed system qualifies as a portable hybrid fNIRS-EEG sleep pattern monitoring device.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study examined the test-retest reliability and clinical utility of the Modified Trunk Impairment Scale (mTIS), Trunk Control Test (TCT), and Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke - Trunk Control (PASS-TC) in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS: Thirty-eight stroke patients were reassessed using the mTIS, TCT, and PASS-TC with a seven-day interval between assessments. The test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC_2,1), the standard error of measurement (SEM), the minimal detectable change (MDC), and MDC%, as well as Bland-Altman analysis. The relationship between the mTIS, TCT, PASS-TC scores, and the Barthel Index (BI) was also investigated. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability for the mTIS, TCT, and PASS-TC was high, with ICC values ranging from .91 to .94 (95% confidence interval: .83-.97). The MDCs for the mTIS and TCT were 2.35 and 13.9, respectively, while the MDC for the P ASS-TC was 2.54, all below 20% of the maximum possible score, indicating reliable measurement. The optimal mTIS cut-off score for distinguishing between mild (75-95 points) and severe (50-74 points) dependence on the BI was ≥ 9.5, with an accuracy of 79%. Patients with an mTIS score ≥ 9.5 (out of 15) showed an 18-fold higher likelihood of achieving a mild level of functional independence than those with a score < 9.5. CONCLUSION: The mTIS, TCT, and PASS-TC showed high test-retest reliability and no systematic errors in chronic stroke patients. The MDC values were reliable, indicating meaningful change. Among these, the mTIS is a sensitive and a useful tool for predicting functional independence in clinical practice and is straightforward to apply.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

Purpose : To examine the relative absolute reliability and validity of step test (ST) scores in subjects with chronic stroke. Method : A total of 27 stroke patients, participated in the study. A relative reliability index (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) was used to examine the level of agreement of inter-rater test-retest reliability for ST score. Absolute reliability indices, including the standard error of measurement(SEM) and the minimal detectable change (MDC), and limits of agreement by Bland and Altman analysis. The validity was demonstrated by spearman correlation of ST score with 10 m Walk Test (10mWT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower/Extremity (FMA-L/E)-total score, Berg Balance Scale (BBS)-total score. Result : An excellent inter-rater reliability in ST scores was found (paretic, ICC=0.993~0.996; nonparetic, ICC=0.982~0.991). In addition, excellent test-retest reliability was found (paretic, ICC=0.992; nonparetic, ICC=0.967). It all showed acceptable SEM of the ST score as paretic and nonparetic were 0.22 and 0.46 respectively (average score <10 %), and the MDC of the paretic and nonparetic were 0.61 and 1.27 respectively (possible highest score <20 %). indicating that measures had a small and acceptable measurement error. The ST score of paretic and nonparetic were also found to be significantly associated with 10MWT (r=0.77~0.79), FMA-LE scores (r=0.73~0.81) and BBS scores (r=0.72~0.76). Conclusion : The ST showed highly sufficient Inter-rater test-retest agreement and validity and acceptable measurement errors caused by due to chance variation in measurement. It also can be used by clinicians and researchers to assess the balance and mobility performance and monitor functional change in chronic stroke patients.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.154-168
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• 2000

This study was done to analyze the trends of research on stroke in Korea, to suggest future direction, for research on stroke. This article reviewed 75 nursing research papers on stroke done since 1990 to 2000 by examining them according to the period of publication or presentation, research design, type of subjects, measurement variables, the intervention outcome of experimental research, and theme of qualitative research. The research were as follows : 1. 26 of 75 studies were composed of master thesis and dissertation of graduate school. There were 53 nonexperimental research, 15 experimental research, and 7 qualitative studies design. 2. Stroke patients subject' Characteristic were 44 and Family and Spouses of caregiver support were 28 of total studies. 3. Most measurement instruments used for research were translated and redesigned it into Korean that developed by foreigners, and development measurement instruments used Kang's ADL. 4. Family support and Social support was shown the frequently among correlational research. 5. Methodological research were development of an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in stroke patients, caregiver support of development of nursing intervention list, and Home care Nursing Intervention protocol, and development of client selection criteria based on the needs of services to be offered. 6. The experimental research of intervention were mostly education nursing intervention, rehabilitation program on functional recovery, support nursing intervention, and applying a home care protocol on the nursing care intervention. 7. Theme of qualitative research were family experience, home care in family experience, soobal experience, illness experience, hope of Stroke patients and so on. Phenomenologic methodology and Granded Theory was designed of Qualitative research. On the basis of the above finding the following recommendations are made: 1. It's necessary to develop a reliable and variable measurement tool for stroke patients and family care of stroke patients. 2. It's necessary to study the comparison of Nursing Studies of stroke research abroad, the replication to establish the effect of nursing intervention stroke patients and family care of stroke patients.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.75-98
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics, validity, and reliability of non-radiological assessment tools of scoliosis that have been studied so far. Methods: Electronic databases including Pubmed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Science On, RISS, OASIS were searched by keywords including 'scoliosis assessment', 'scoliosis screening', 'physical examination', 'functional measurement', 'photography', and 'smartphone'. Results: 32 articles using radiation-free assessments were identified from 1,011 records. The mostly used non-radiological methods were Surface topography, Scoliometer, Ultrasound, Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging, and Photography. The other methods were Gait analysis, 3D depth sensor imaging, and Low intensity electromagnetic scan. Conclusions: It was found that non-radiological assessment tools might reduce the number of radiographs taken in scoliosis patients. To increase the reliability and validity, further research on the measurement tools of scoliosis will be needed.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.442-450
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 상수원에서 문제시 되고 있는 미량오염물질의 처리에 대한 연구를 하기 위해선 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되는데, 이를 절감하기 위한 대안으로 양자화학적 기반의 범밀도함수이론(Density Functional Theory, DFT)을 활용하여 물질간의 상호 반응성 및 분해과정을 해석하였다. 본 연구에서 다루고 있는 물질은, 최근 낙동강 수계에서 빈번히 검출되고 있는 Sulfonamide 물질 3종(sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazol)을 선정하였으며, 이론적인 연구로는 DFT모델링, 실험적 연구로는 UV-VIS 및 FT-IR 등의 분광분석을 하여 비교 및 검증을 하였다. DFT모델링을 실시한 결과 Sulfonamide물질의 HOMO(highest occupied molecular orbital)와 오존의 LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) 사이에서 반응이 가장 유리하며, Sulfonamide 물질의 HOMO를 가시화 한 결과 Sulfanilamide기에서 전자밀도가 높게 나타나므로 Sulfanilamide기에서 반응이 활발할 것이라 예측되었다. UV-VIS 실험결과 260 nm에서 Sulfanilamide기가 검출되었으며, 오존산화시 검출된 Sulfanilamide기가 빠르게 사라짐을 알 수 있었다. FT-IR분석결과로써 Sulfanilamide기에서도 그 한 부분인 아민기(N-H)에서 가장 활발한 제거반응이 일어남을 알 수 있었으며 이러한 결과로부터 DFT모델링 방법을 통해서 정수처리 공정에 대해서 반응을 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), pain, and performance ability in professional fencing players. Methods: Fifty-six athletes participated in this study. The pain group included those who had a score on a pain-related Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of ${\geq}$20 and an Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score ${\geq}$10). In the non-pain group, these scores were: VAS(<20), ODI(<10). The VAS and ODI were used to measure pain throughout the study. Performance ability included motor function of the lower extremities (as assessed by a Modified Functional Index Questionnaire, MFIQ), dynamic balance (Balance system, BS and Posture med, PM), flexor and extensor muscle strength of the lumbar region was recorded as maximal isometric strength. Results: Among athletes who had pain, 5 of 15(33.33%) showed impaired functional movement. Conversely, only 2 of 41(4.88%) of those who had no pain showed such impairment (FMS ${\leq}$14score). The athletes who had pain and who had an FMS score above 14 (10/56; 17.86%) showed a significantly higher score for extensor muscle strength of the lumbar compared with those with pain and an FMS score below 14 (5/56; 8.93%) were significant correlations between the FMS and pain (r=-0.40 to -0.42, p<0.01), the MFIQ (r=-0.33, p<0.05), dynamic balance (r=-0.27 to -0.40, p<0.05-0.01), muscle strength of the lumbar (r=0.27 to 0.29, p<0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the dynamic balance score (${\beta}{\beta}$=-0.41) had slightly more power in predicting FMS score than pain, motor function of lower extremity, or muscle strength. Conclusion: The FMS was significantly associated with values of pain, motor function of the lower extremities, dynamic balance, and muscle strength of the lumbar. However the FMS appears to lack relevance and reasonable evidence to suggest that it is an acceptable measurement tool for functional movement analysis.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

Oxygen sensitive functional particles(OSParticle) were fabricated by three different methods for using the particles as oxygen sensors and PIV tracers. The used methods were a physical coating method, an ion-exchange method and a dispersion polymerization method. The physical coating method is dipping $SiO_2$ hollow particles into dye solution then drying. This method is very simple, but particles are not uniform in diameter and luminescence. The particles fabricated by the ion-exchange method have very uniform diameter and well doped. However, it can not be used in water since the particles are hydrophobic. In case of the dispersion polymerization method, the diameter of OSParticles is quite uniform. The diameter of OSParticles can be changed by controlling the quantity of AIBN (2,2'-azobis isobutyronitrile). For the purpose of dissolved oxygen concentration measurement in micro scale water flows, the dispersion polymerized OSParticles turn out to be the most superior functional particles. The luminescent intensity of OSParticles was tested with the variation of dissolved oxygen concentration in water samples. As a result, the luminescent intensity of OSParticles is monotonically decreased with increasing DO (Dissolved oxygen) concentration of water.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.331-334
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• 2010

In the present study, carbon supports mixed with purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and carbon blacks (CBs) were used to improve the cell performance of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Additionally, the effect of $O_2$ plasma treatment on CBs/MWNTs supports was investigated for different plasma RF powers of 100, 200, and 300 W. The surface and structural properties of the CBs/MWNTs supports were characterized by FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The electrocatalytic activity of PtRu/CBs/MWNTs catalysts was investigated by cyclic voltammetry measurement. In the experimental results, the oxygen functional groups of the supports were increased with increasing plasma RF power, while the average Pt particle size was decreased owing to the improvement of dispersibility of the catalysts. The electrochemical activity of the catalysts for methanol oxidation was gradually improved by the larger available active surface area, itself due to the introduction of oxygen functional groups. Consequently, it was found that $O_2$ plasma treatments could influence the surface properties of the carbon supports, resulting in enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the catalysts for DMFCs.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2011

The study was conducted to investigate functional materials as skin whitening and anti-inflammatory agent from Taraxacum officinale and Taraxacum coreanum. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content in the ethanol extract of Taraxacum officinale were found to be 64.07mg/g and 32.46mg/g, respectively. In tyrosinase inhibitory activity, the hot water extract of Taraxacum coreanum was higher than the other extracts. However, in nitric oxide (NO) scavenging ability, the ethanol extract of Taraxacum coreanum was higher than the other extracts. the ethanol extract of Taraxacum coreanum showed strong NO production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cell viability measurement by MTT assay and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against L929 cell, the extracts were exhibited fine cell viabilities and normal LDH release levels as nontoxic result in sample concentration of $250{\sim}1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. As a result, the ethanol extract and the hot water extract of Taraxacum coreanum could be applicable to functional materials for anti-inflammatory and skin whitening related fields, respectively.