• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5741-5747
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• 2015

Purpose: To understand the epidemiology of different upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract related abnormalities through endoscopic data analysis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of three years from January 2009 to December 2011 was conducted with data from endoscopic surveillance of upper GI tract problems, collected from the Gastroenterology Unit, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad. MS excel and Medcalc software (comparison of proportions) were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 10,029 (6,468 in males and 3,561 in females) endoscopies were performed during this three-year period. The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Overall, ~30% of endoscopies evaluated showed patients with acid peptic disorders, 13.6% with vascular-related abnormalities, 10.6% showed structural abnormalities, followed by 6.3% with malignancies. Burden of malignancies was mostly observed in the older age group (60-69 years). Esophageal cancer cases decreased (p=0.0001) whereas stomach cancers increased over this period (p=0.0345). We also observed an increased incidence of acid peptic disease (APD) (p=0.0036) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (p=0.0002) cases during this period. Conclusions: Endoscopic diagnosis is useful for early detection of UGI anomalies and helpful for physicians to manage and treat varied kinds of UGI disorders. Analysis of data revealed changing trends in the incidence of various pathologies of the UGI tract. Functional dyspepsia and GERD definitely reduce the quality of life of the individual. The role of our diverse dietary habits and lifestyle associated with these problems have not yet been established, though there have been reports on the effect of coffee, spicy food, wheat-based diet, screening of UGI pathologies along with collection of complete personal and medical history details, can h elp in correlating the patients' condition with various aspects of lifestyle and diet.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.725-729
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• 2011

We report a novel mechanism of a CDH1 splicing mutation in a patient with signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach. A 27-year-old man complaining of aggravated dyspepsia was diagnosed with signet ring cell carcinoma. Both his father and uncle had died of stomach cancer at a young age. DNA sequencing analysis of the CDH1 gene revealed a splice site mutation (c.833-2A>G). By RNA/cDNA sequencing analysis, CDH1 c.833-2A>G generated a new acceptor site within intron 6, causing the insertion of a 79-bp intronic sequence between exon 6 and 7 (r.833-79_833-1ins), and resulting in a frame shift. E-cadherin immunohistochemical staining revealed a loss of CDH1 expression. This study reveals the disease-causing mechanism of this splicing mutation, and emphasizes the need for functional studies using RNA samples for the accurate interpretation of detected splicing variant. This is the first reported case of a CDH1 mutation in a Korean patient.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2014

This study aimed to prove the effects of acupuncture treatment on acupoint Joksamni(ST36) related to gastrointestinal movement. Electrogastrogram (EGG) data were obtained in 11 healthy subjects treated by real or sham needle in single-blinded condition for 40 min, including before, during acupuncture treatment, and after removing needle. According to frequency analysis of EGG, median frequency(MF) was increased by real needle in 4 subjects, MF for another 2 subjects were increased by real and sham needle and no trend shift in MF showed in other 5 subjects. Our result showed that acupuncture treatment on Joksamni has some effects on gastrointestinal movement. In this study we have applied both real acupuncture and sham acupuncture on the same subjects. So its blinding was regarded as good but was effective in about 36%~55%. Two subjects were assumed that they showed placebo effects on both real and sham acupuncture. Therefore it is necessary to perform further study on case-control and a larger number of subjects with functional dyspepsia, in order to confirm our findings.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.669-675
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• 2018

Background/Aims Functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and these patients frequently overlap. Trimebutine has been known to be effective in controlling FD co-existing diarrhea-dominant IBS, however its effect on overlap syndrome (OS) patients has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated the effect of trimebutine on the model of OS in guinea pigs. Methods Male guinea pigs were used to evaluate the effects of trimebutine in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) induced OS model. Different doses (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) of trimebutine were administered orally and incubated for 1 hour. The next treatment of $10{\mu}g/kg$ of CRF was intraperitoneally injected and stabilized for 30 minutes. Subsequently, intragastric 3 mL charcoal mix was administered, incubated for 10 minutes and the upper GI transit analyzed. Colonic transits were assessed after the same order and concentrations of trimebutine and CRF treatment by fecal pellet output assay. Results Different concentrations (1, 3, and $10{\mu}g/kg$) of rat/human CRF peptides was tested to establish the OS model in guinea pigs. CRF $10{\mu}g/kg$ was the most effective dose in the experimental OS model of guinea pigs. Trimebutine (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) treatment significantly reversed the upper and lower GI transit of CRF induced OS model. Trimebutine significantly increased upper GI transit while it reduced fecal pellet output in the CRF induced OS model. Conclusions Trimebutine has been demonstrated to be effective on both upper and lower GI motor function in peripheral CRF induced OS model. Therefore, trimebutine might be an effective drug for the treatment of OS between FD and IBS patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.44-50
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• 2012

Objectives: We investigated weight gain effects of the Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang ($B\check{u}f\grave{e}ich\acute{e}ngzh\check{a}ngz\bar{e}ngb\check{u}$-tang) on thin Korean preschool children with frequent common cold or chronic rhinitis Methods Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang was empirically composed of 14 herbs for treating indigestion, and common cold or chronic rhinitis. We analyzed 60 preschool children who have visited Kim Kijoon Oriental Clinic BOM from Jan. 1, 2006 to Aug. 31, 2011 with three criteria: 1) 2~5yrs of age and BMI<50th percentile 2) children those who had taken the Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang for 1~3 month (s), 3) Availability of records on before/after treatment within 3 months. Weight gain of the children after treatment was evaluated by the changes of BMI percentile compared to pre-treatment. Results Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang significantly improved BMI percentile in all groups (1 month: $21.33{\pm}10.04$ vs $26.43{\pm}13.16$, p<0.001; 2 months: $21.90{\pm}10.28$ vs $29.03{\pm}15.06$, p<0.001; 3 months: $19.06{\pm}10.04$ vs $35.71{\pm}17.40$, p=0.001). Gender, age and pre-treatment BMI had no significant effects on the effectiveness of Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang. Conclusions: Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang positively affected weight gain in 2~5yrs Korean preschool children with BMI below 50 percentile within 1~3 month (s) of treatment. However, additional studies on functional dyspepsia or the change of energy intake are needed to understand the factors related to weight gains.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2017

Consumption of liquid digestive medicine has continually grown in recent years. This present study was designed to evaluate the capability of liquid digestive medicine to erode dental enamel, relating the pH and titratable acidity of liquid digestive medicine. Three commercially available liquid digestive medicines were chosen these were Gashwalmyeungsu, Saengrokchun and Wicheongsu. The liquid digestive medicines were evaluated in respect to pH, titratable acidity and concentrations of calcium and phosphate, respectively. This measure was carried out three times for each digestive medicine and was recorded the data as mean (standard deviation). Bovine enamel specimens measured microhardness at base line and then were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 10 each. The specimens were immersed into each liquid digestive medicine for 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes and then evaluated each time by VHN. All digestive medicines had a pH of less than 3.7. Wicheongsu had the lowest pH 2.93 and Gashwalmyeungsu had highest pH 3.63. In pH 5.5, titratable acidity of Wicheongsu was 1.27 ml. Gashwalmyeungsu was 0.63 ml. Saengrokchun was 0.60 ml. All liquid digestive medicines showed low concentration of calcium and phosphate. The microhardness of specimens after immersion into liquid digestive medicines was continuously reduced in all digestive medicines. After 30-minute treatment in liquid digestive medicines, Wicheongsu containing low pH and high tiratable acidity was shown to be lowest microhardness value ($207.80{\pm}15.52$). The three liquid digestive medicines caused surface softening of enamel erosion. We conclude that drinks, commonly consumed by functional dyspepsia patient can cause erosion of enamel.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Objectives : This paper serves to explore current trends of systems biology in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and examine how it may influence the Traditional Korean medicine. Methods : Literature review method was collectively used to classify Introduction to systems biology, diagnosis and syndrome classification of systems biology in TCM perspective, physiotherapy including acupuncture, herbs and formula functions, TCM systems biology, and directions of academic development. Results : The term 'Systems biology' is coined as a combination of systems science and biology. It is a field of study that tries to understand living organism by establishing a theory based on an ideal model that analyzes and predicts the desired output with understanding of interrelationships and dynamics between variables. Systems biology has an integrated and multi-dimensional nature that observes the interaction among the elements constructing the network. The current state of systems biology in TCM is categorized into 4 parts: diagnosis and syndrome, physical therapy, herbs and formulas and academic development of TCM systems biology and its technology. Diagnosis and syndrome field is focusing on developing TCM into personalized medicine by clarifying Kidney yin deficiency patterns and metabolic differences among five patterns of diabetes and analyzing plasma metabolism and biomarkers of coronary heart disease patients. In the field of physical therapy such as acupuncture and moxibustion, researchers discovered the effect of stimulating acupoint ST40 on gene expression and the effects of acupuncture on treating functional dyspepsia and acute ischemic stroke. Herbs and formulas were analyzed with TCM network pharmacology. The therapeutic mechanisms of Si Wu Tang and its series formulas are explained by identifying potential active substances, targets and mechanism of action, including metabolic pathways of amino acid and fatty acid. For the academic development of TCM systems biology and its technology, it is necessary to integrate massive database, integrate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as systems biology. It is also essential to establish a platform to maximize herbal treatment through accumulation of research data and diseases-specific, or drug-specific network combined with clinical experiences, and identify functions and roles of molecules in herbs and conduct animal-based studies within TCM frame. So far, few literature reviews exist for systems biology in traditional Korean medicine and they merely re-examine known efficacies of simple substances, herbs and formulas. For the future, it is necessary to identify specific mechanisms of working agents and targets to maximize the effects of traditional medicine modalities. Conclusions : Systems biology is widely accepted and studied in TCM and already advanced into a field known as 'TCM systems biology', which calls for the study of incorporating TCM and systems biology. It is time for traditional Korean medicine to acknowledge the importance of systems biology and present scientific basis of traditional medicine and establish the principles of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. By doing so, traditional Korean medicine would be innovated and further developed into a personalized medicine.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2015

Objectives : Sparganii Rhizoma is frequently used in traditional herbal medicine for treatment of blood stasis, amenorrhea and functional dyspepsia and has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis peoperties. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect and underlying mechanism of Sparganii Rhizoma water extract (SRE) against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hepatocyte. Methods : To determine the effects of SRE on oxidative stress, we induced synergistic cytotoxicity by co-treatment of arachidonic acid (AA) and iron in the HepG2 cell, a human derived hepatocyte cell line. Results : Treatment of SRE increased relative cell viability and altered the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and procaspase-3. And SRE also inhibited the mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive reactive oxygen species production induced by AA+iron. In addition, SRE activated of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a potential target for cytoprotection, by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPKα at Thr-172. Morever, SRE increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a direct downstream target of AMPK. Conclusion : These results indicated that SRE has the ability to protect against oxidative stress-induced hepatocyte damage, which may be mediated with AMPK pathway.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigated the effect of Yijin-tang on gastric motility and its mechanism of action in normal intact and partial pyloric obstructed rats. Methods : Gastric emptying was measured by the number of glass beads expelled from the stomach (containing one hundred of glass beads. ${\phi}1mm$) in 1 hour or 2 hours after glass beads and test drugs (normal saline. Yijin-tang 90mg/kg. Yijin-tang 270mg/kg) administration in normal intact and partial pyloric obstructed rats. In another series of experiments to evaluate the mechanism of Yijin-tang 270mg/kg under delayed conditions, normal intact rats were treated with atropine sulfate (1mg/kg,s.c.), cisplatin (10mg/kg,i.p.), quinpirole HCI (0.3mg/kg,i.p.) and NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. 75mg/ kg,s.c.), respectively. Partial pyloric obstructed rats were modified by wrapping the nonabsorbable rubber ring (D :6mm, W:4mm, T: 1mm) around the 1st portion of the duodenum for 8 weeks. The myoelectrical activity of the gastric smooth muscle was recorded by a bipolar electrode placed at the abdominal surface in normal intact and partial pyloric obstructed rats. The gastric myoelectrical activity was measured for 30 minutes before and after orogastric administration of each solution (normal saline, Yijin-tang 270mg/kg) and expressed as dominant frequency, percent of normogastria and power ratio. Results : Yijin-tang improved gastric emptying more than normal saline in normal intact(p<0.001) and partial pyloric obstructed rats(p=0.002). Under the delayed gastric emptying induced by atropine sulfate, cisplatin, quinpirole HCI and NAME. Yijin-tang enhanced gastric emptying significantly in the cisplatin treated group(p<0.001). but didn't in other treated groups. Administration of Yijin-tang 270mg/kg has no significant effect on the myoelectrical activity of the gastric smooth muscle in both normal intact rats and partial pyloric obstructed rats. Conclusions : Yijin-tang seems to stimulate the gastric motility through suppressing the 5HT3 receptor and promoting the antroduodenal flow. We expect that Yijin-tang would be effective especially in dysmotility-like functional dyspepsia with partial pyloric obstruction or the side effects of cisplatin such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and delay of gastric emptying.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2021

Codonopsis lanceolata (Deoduk) was grown in East Asia, including Korea, China, Japan, and Russia, and the roots of C. lanceolata have been used as functional foods and traditional medicine to treat symptoms of cough, bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, and dyspepsia. The phytochemicals of C. lanceolata have been reported such as phenylpropanoids, polyacetylenes, saponins, and flavonoids that are involved in pharmacological effects such as anti-obesity, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial activities. Selecting marker substances of the main producing area by MS-based metabolomics analysis is important to ensure the beneficial effect of C. lanceolata without side-effects because differences in cultivated areas of plants were related not only to the safety of medicinal plants but also to changes in chemical composition and biological efficacy. In our present study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis was applied to recognize the main producing area of C. lanceolata in South Korea. As a result of Principal Component Analysis and loading plot analysis of three groups, Inje (Kangwon-do), Hoengseong (Kangwon-do), and Muju (Jeonlabuk-do), several secondary metabolites of C. lanceolata including tangshenoside I, lancemaside A, and lancemaside G, were suggested as potential marker substances to distinguish the place of main producing area of C. lanceolata.