• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.243-249
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Posttraumatic nasal deformities might not be corrected adequately by conventional osteotomy techniques when the configuration of the nasal bone has been changed due to malunion. To consistently obtain good aesthetic and functional results, the anatomic reduction of malunion sites of the nasal bone is important. The purpose of this study is to present an osteotomy technique, including refracture along malunion sites and anatomical reduction of a malformed nasal bone, for the correction of a posttraumatic deviated nose. Methods: From March of 2003 to May of 2004, 27 patients, who underwent corrective rhinoplasty for the correction of bony pyramid deviation, were included in this study. Postoperative results of the technique were evaluated objectively at 1 year after surgery regarding nasal midline location, nose symmetry, and nasal contour. Results were rated as excellent, good, fair, or poor. All patients were also evaluated subjectively for cosmetic improvement, changes in breathing, and overall satisfaction. Results: Objective analysis of the outcomes revealed an excellent result in 17 patients(63%), good in 9(33%), and fair in 1 patient(4%). No case evaluated had a poor result. Regarding subjective analysis, 19 patients(70%) evaluated the cosmetic outcome as perfect. Among the 21 patients with preoperative airway problems, 19 patients(90%) reported improved breathing post-operatively. Patients' overall satisfaction levels were also very positive. No postoperative complications occurred during the 14 month mean follow-up period. Conclusion: The osteotomy technique presented in this study is simple, effective, and safe for correcting posttraumatic nasal deviation, and also produces consistent results.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.16D no.4
• /
• pp.571-582
• /
• 2009

This paper provides a way to overcome limitations of general collaborative software development tools that completely restrict co-ownership of resources among individuals in a team oriented developmental environment. It also provides a solution for users to co-own resources and at the same time manage version control and collision problems that may occur due to the co-ownership of resources.The cooperative development support tool of developed software uses the conventional optimistic technique but employs the algorithm which is improved to reduce costs and efforts required for solving collision. The collaborative software development tool presented in this paper is made up of the classical client/server structure with the P2P(peer to peer) method which supports information exchange among individuals. This tool is developed based on open source software CVS(Concurrent Version System). Functional efficiency was confirmed by comparing it to the utility of prior existing collaborative software development tools.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
• /
• v.50 no.12
• /
• pp.5.1-5.15
• /
• 2018

Targeting hair follicle regeneration has been investigated for the treatment of hair loss, and fundamental studies investigating stem cells and their niche have been described. However, knowledge of stem cell metabolism and the specific regulation of bioenergetics during the hair regeneration process is currently insufficient. Here, we report the hair regrowth-promoting effect of a newly synthesized novel small molecule, IM176OUT05 (IM), which activates stem cell metabolism. IM facilitated stemness induction and maintenance during an induced pluripotent stem cell generation process. IM treatment mildly inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and concurrently increased glycolysis, which accelerated stemness induction during the early phase of reprogramming. More importantly, the topical application of IM accelerated hair follicle regeneration by stimulating the progression of the hair follicle cycle to the anagen phase and increased the hair follicle number in mice. Furthermore, the stem cell population with a glycolytic metabotype appeared slightly earlier in the IM-treated mice. Stem cell and niche signaling involved in the hair regeneration process was also activated by the IM treatment during the early phase of hair follicle regeneration. Overall, these results show that the novel small molecule IM promotes tissue regeneration, specifically in hair regrowth, by restructuring the metabolic configuration of stem cells.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2002

The MSC is a payload on the KOMPSAT-2 satellite to perform the earth remote sensing. The instrument images the earth using a push-broom motion with a swath width of 15 km and a GSD(Ground Sample Distance) of 1 m over the entire FOV(Field Of View) at altitude 685 km. The instrument is designed to haute an on-orbit operation duty cycle of 20% over the mission lifetime of 3 years with the functions of programmable gain/offset and on-board image data compression/storage. The MSC instrument has one channel for panchromatic imaging and four channel for multi-spectral imaging covering the spectral range from 450nm to 900nm using TDI(Time Belayed Integration) CCD(Charge Coupled Device) FPA(Focal Plane Assembly). The MSC hardware consists of three subsystem, EOS(Electro Optic camera Subsystem), PMU(Payload Management Unit) and PDTS(Payload Data Transmission Subsystem) and each subsystems are currently under development and will be integrated and verified through functional and space environment tests. Final verified MSC will be delivered to spacecraft bus for AIT(Assembly, Integration and Test) and then COMSAT-2 satellite will be launched after verification process through IST(Integrated Satellite Test). In this paper, the introduction of MSC, the configuration of MSC electronics including electrical interlace and design of CEU(Camera Electronic Unit) in EOS are described. MSC Operation parameters induced from the operation concept are discussed and analyzed to find the influence of system for on-orbit operation in future.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.349-355
• /
• 2017

Failures of railway systems can result in train delays or accidents, and therefore high reliability is required to ensure safety of railway systems. To improve reliability, railway systems are designed with redundant systems so that the standby system will continue to function normally even if the primary system fails. Generally, overall system reliability can be evaluated by the reliabilities of the parts of the whole system and the reliability of the redundant system considering common failures in case of each system is not conform physical, functional and process independent. In this study, the reliability of the hot-standby sparing system is analyzed the independent systems and dependent systems with common failures. The reliability for the standby system can be effectively analysed using Markov models, which can model the redundant configuration and the state transition.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2019

The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 5 channel, known as a nonselective cation channel, has a crucial role in calcium influx. TRPC5 has been reported to be activated by muscarinic receptor activation and extracellular pH change and inhibited by the protein kinase C pathway. Recent studies have also suggested that TRPC5 is extracellularly activated by englerin A (EA), but the mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the EA-interaction sites in TRPC5 and thereby clarify the mechanism of TRPC5 activation. TRPC5 channels are over-expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. TRPC5 mutants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. The whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record TRPC5 currents. Western analysis was also performed to observe the expression of TRPC5 mutants. To identify the EA-interaction site in TRPC5, we first generated pore mutants. When screening the mutants with EA, we observed the EA-induced current increases of TRPC5 abolished in K554N, H594N, and E598Q mutants. The current increases of other mutants were reduced in different levels. We also examined the functional intactness of the mutants that had no effect by EA with TRPC5 agonists, such as carbachol or $GTP{\gamma}S$. Our results suggest that the three residues, Lys-554, His-594, and Glu-598, in TRPC5 might be responsible for direct interaction with EA, inducing the channel activation. We also suggest that although other pore residues are not critical, they could partly contribute to the EA-induced channel activation.

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2021

In this paper, a system configuration method that can practice Linux-based programming language online is presented. The proposed system utilizes the web-server function, which is the biggest feature of the Linux operating system, and simulates the telnet and FTP functions without firewalls or other security restrictions, so that it is possible to practice similar to the actual Linux console. To do this, we analyzed the functional elements that a programming tool should have on the web and established an algorithm to implement it. In particular, a method was implemented in which an error message caused by a user's mistake can appear in the same form as the actual telnet screen. As a result of using the implemented learning system in the class for students, it is possible to practice the Linux programming language online, as well as the instructor can directly check and guide all the learners, so the learner's satisfaction is similar to that of the offline class was confirmed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.85 no.3
• /
• pp.289-304
• /
• 2023

The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of porosity on the buckling behavior of thick functionally graded sandwich plate resting on various boundary conditions under different in-plane loads. The formulation is made for a newly developed sandwich plate using a functional gradient material based on a modified power law function of symmetric and asymmetric configuration. Four different porosity distribution are considered and varied in accordance with material propriety variation in the thickness direction of the face sheets of sandwich plate, metal foam also is considered in this study on the second model of sandwich which containing metal foam core and FGM face sheets. New quasi-3D high shear deformation theory is used here for this investigate; the present kinematic model introduces only six variables with stretching effect by adopting a new indeterminate integral variable in the displacement field. The stability equations are obtained by Hamilton's principle then solved by generalized solution. The effect of Pasternak and Winkler elastic foundations also including here. the present model validated with those found in the open literature, then the impact of different parameters: porosities index, foam cells distribution, boundary conditions, elastic foundation, power law index, ratio aspect, side-to-thickness ratio and different in-plane axial loads on the variation of the buckling behavior are demonstrated.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.578-585
• /
• 2023

An artificial sphincter implanted in the bulbous urethra to treat severe postprostatectomy urinary incontinence is effective, but embedding-associated complications can occur. We assessed the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of urethral graciloplasty cross-innervated by the pudendal nerve. A simulation surgery on three male fresh cadavers was performed. Both ends of the gracilis muscle were isolated only on its vascular pedicle with proximal end of the obturator nerve severed and transferred to the perineum. We examined whether the gracilis muscle could be wrapped around the bulbous urethra and whether the obturator nerve was long enough to suture with the pudendal nerve. In addition, surgery was performed on a 71-year-old male patient with severe urinary incontinence. The postoperative 12-month outcomes were assessed using a 24-hour pad test and urodynamic study. In all cadaveric simulations, the gracilis muscles could be wrapped around the bulbous urethra in a γ-loop configuration. The length of the obturator nerve was sufficient for neurorrhaphy with the pudendal nerve. In the clinical case, the postoperative course was uneventful. The mean maximum urethral closure pressure and functional profile length increased from 40.7 to 70 cm H₂O and from 40.1 to 45.3 mm, respectively. Although urinary incontinence was not completely cured, the patient was able to maintain urinary continence at night. Urethral graciloplasty cross-innervated by the pudendal nerve is effective in raising the urethral pressure and reducing urinary incontinence.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2008

Statement of problem: Over the past decade, increased demand for esthetically pleasing restorations has led to the development of all-ceramic systems. Recent reports suggest that the all-ceramic crowns have excellent physical properties, wear resistance, and color stability. In addition, numerous ceramics have excellent biocompatibility, a natural appearance, and improved physical bonding with resin composite luting agents. However, the brittle nature of ceramics has been a major factor in their restriction for universal usage. Functional occlusal loading can generate stress in the luting agent, and the stress distribution may be affected by the marginal geometry at the finish line. Tooth preparation for fixed prosthodontics requires a decision regarding the marginal configuration. The design dictates the shape and bulk of the all ceramic crowns and influences the fit at the margin. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution within marginal configurations of all- ceramic crowns (90-degree shoulder, 110-degree shoulder, 135-degree shoulder). Material and methods: The force is applied from a direction of 45 degrees to the vertical tooth axis. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was selected to determine stress levels and distributions. Results and conclusion: The result of stress level for the shoulder marginal configuration was more effective on stress distribution at 135-degree shoulder margin. But the stresses concentrated around at 135-degree shoulder margin. The stress decreased apically at the surface between cements and alumina core, and increased apically at the surface between alumina core and veneering porcelain.